This document provides an overview of shift registers. It defines what a shift register is and discusses the basics, including that shift registers consist of flip-flops connected in a serial chain to store and transfer binary data. It describes the four main modes of operation for shift registers: serial-in parallel-out (SIPO), serial-in serial-out (SISO), parallel-in serial-out (PISO), and parallel-in parallel-out (PIPO). Diagrams are provided to illustrate examples of each type of shift register. The document concludes by mentioning universal shift registers, which can perform any input-output combination but require additional control inputs.

1. Digital Logic Design (EEEg4302)
Chapter 8 : Shift Registers
AASTU
Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering
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By Milkias H.

2. Outline
Chapter 8 : Shift Registers
• Introduction
• Basics of Shift Registers
• Parallel In Serial OUT (PISO) Registers
• Serial In Serial Out (SISO) Registers
• Serial In Parallel Out (SIPO) Registers
• Parallel In Parallel OUT (PIPO) Registers
• Universal Shift Register
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3. Introduction
• The Shift Register is another type of sequential logic circuit that can be used for the
storage or the transfer of binary data.
• This sequential device loads the data present on its inputs and then moves or
“shifts” it to its output once every clock cycle, hence the name Shift Register.
• A register is a group of flip‐flops, each one of which shares a common clock and is
capable of storing one bit of information.
• An n ‐bit register consists of a group of n -flip‐flops capable of storing n bits of
binary information.
• In addition to the flip‐flops, a register may have combinational gates that perform
certain data‐processing tasks. In its broadest definition, a register consists of a
group of flip‐flops together with gates that affect their operation.
• The flip‐flops hold the binary information, and the gates determine how the
information is transferred into the register.
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4. Basics of Shift Registers
• Since Shift Registers are used for data storage or for the movement of data. They
are therefore commonly used inside calculators or computers to store data such as
two binary numbers before they are added together.
• Also to convert the data from either a serial to parallel or parallel to serial format.
• Shift register IC’s are generally provided with a clear or reset connection so that
they can be “SET” or “RESET” as required.
• A shift register basically consists of several single bit “D-Type flip flops”, one for
each data bit either a logic “0” or a “1”, connected together in a serial type chain
arrangement so that the output from one data flip- flop becomes the input of the
next flip-flop and so on.
• Data bits may be fed in or out of a shift register serially, that is one after the other
from either the left or the right direction, or all together at the same time in a
parallel configuration.
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5. Basics of Shift Registers
• Generally, shift registers operate in one of four different modes with the basic
movement of data through a shift register being:
o Serial-in to Parallel-out (SIPO) - the register is loaded with serial data, one bit at a
time, with the stored data being available at the output in parallel form.
o Serial-in to Serial-out (SISO) - the data is shifted serially “IN” and “OUT” of the
register, one bit at a time in either a left or right direction under clock control.
o Parallel-in to Serial-out (PISO) - the parallel data is loaded into the register
simultaneously and is shifted out of the register serially one bit at a time under
clock control.
oParallel-in to Parallel-out (PIPO) - the parallel data is loaded simultaneously into
the register, and transferred together to their respective outputs by the same clock
pulse.
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6. Basics of Shift Registers
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7. Serial-in to Parallel-out (SIPO) Shift Registers
o 4-bit Serial-in to Parallel-out Shift Register
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8. Serial-in to Serial-out (SISO) Shift Registers
o 4-bit Serial-in to Serial-out Shift Register
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9. Parallel-in to Serial-out (PISO) Shift Registers
o 4-bit Parallel-in to Serial-out Shift Register
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10. Parallel-in to Serial-out (PISO) Shift Registers
o 4-bit Parallel-in to Serial-out Shift Register
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11. Parallel-in to Parallel-out (PIPO) Shift Registers
o4-bit Parallel-in to Parallel-out Shift Register
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12. Universal Shift Register
oToday, there are many high speed bi-directional “universal” type Shift Registers
available such as the TTL74LS194, TTL74LS195 or the CMOS 4035 which are
available as 4-bit multi-function devices.
o These universal shift registers can perform any combination of parallel and serial
input to output operations but require additional inputs to specify desired function
and to pre-load and reset the device.
o A commonly used universal shift register is the TTL 74LS194 as shown below.
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13. Last slide
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