This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
A description about image Compression. What are types of redundancies, which are there in images. Two classes compression techniques. Four different lossless image compression techiques with proper diagrams(Huffman, Lempel Ziv, Run Length coding, Arithmetic coding).
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
A description about image Compression. What are types of redundancies, which are there in images. Two classes compression techniques. Four different lossless image compression techiques with proper diagrams(Huffman, Lempel Ziv, Run Length coding, Arithmetic coding).
Wondering about using PNG or JPG or BMP or GIF. This presentation will answer all your queries related to designing digital images and which formats are best while saving them..
Terms like raster images, vector images, vectors, alpha channels, transparency, palettes, compression are explained here.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
Multimedia data and information must be stored in a disk file using formats similar to image file formats. Multimedia formats, however, are much more complex than most other file formats because of the wide variety of data they must store. Such data includes text, image data, audio and video data, computer animations, and other forms of binary data, such as Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), control information, and graphical fonts. (See the "MIDI Standard" section later in this chapter.) Typical multimedia formats do not define new methods for storing these types of data. Instead, they offer the ability to store data in one or more existing data formats that are already in general use.
For example, a multimedia format may allow text to be stored as PostScript or Rich Text Format (RTF) data rather than in conventional ASCII plain-text format. Still-image bitmap data may be stored as BMP or TIFF files rather than as raw bitmaps. Similarly, audio, video, and animation data can be stored using industry-recognized formats specified as being supported by that multimedia file format.
For more detail visit : https://techforboost.blogspot.com
https://youtu.be/OcQZVc7pZZA
A multimedia database is a database that include one or more primary media file types such as .txt (documents), .jpg (images), .swf (videos), .mp3 (audio), etc.
Comparison of various data compression techniques and it perfectly differentiates different techniques of data compression. Its likely to be precise and focused on techniques rather than the topic itself.
In computer science and information theory, data compression, source coding,[1] or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation.[2] Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression.
You will get DBA Jobs If You Learn What is Storage System, Hurry Up!raima sen
Databases are saved in file formats, which contain records. At physical level, on some device, there are some actual data which is stored in the electromagnetic format. These storage space gadgets can be broadly categorized into three types
Wondering about using PNG or JPG or BMP or GIF. This presentation will answer all your queries related to designing digital images and which formats are best while saving them..
Terms like raster images, vector images, vectors, alpha channels, transparency, palettes, compression are explained here.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
Multimedia data and information must be stored in a disk file using formats similar to image file formats. Multimedia formats, however, are much more complex than most other file formats because of the wide variety of data they must store. Such data includes text, image data, audio and video data, computer animations, and other forms of binary data, such as Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI), control information, and graphical fonts. (See the "MIDI Standard" section later in this chapter.) Typical multimedia formats do not define new methods for storing these types of data. Instead, they offer the ability to store data in one or more existing data formats that are already in general use.
For example, a multimedia format may allow text to be stored as PostScript or Rich Text Format (RTF) data rather than in conventional ASCII plain-text format. Still-image bitmap data may be stored as BMP or TIFF files rather than as raw bitmaps. Similarly, audio, video, and animation data can be stored using industry-recognized formats specified as being supported by that multimedia file format.
For more detail visit : https://techforboost.blogspot.com
https://youtu.be/OcQZVc7pZZA
A multimedia database is a database that include one or more primary media file types such as .txt (documents), .jpg (images), .swf (videos), .mp3 (audio), etc.
Comparison of various data compression techniques and it perfectly differentiates different techniques of data compression. Its likely to be precise and focused on techniques rather than the topic itself.
In computer science and information theory, data compression, source coding,[1] or bit-rate reduction involves encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation.[2] Compression can be either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression.
You will get DBA Jobs If You Learn What is Storage System, Hurry Up!raima sen
Databases are saved in file formats, which contain records. At physical level, on some device, there are some actual data which is stored in the electromagnetic format. These storage space gadgets can be broadly categorized into three types
A technology which is used for increasing the storage reliability and performance.It is a redundant array of inexpensive disks.It is an important aspect of computer science,which is little hard for undergrads to understand.
Exercise 3-1 This chapter’s opening scenario illustrates a specific .docxnealwaters20034
Exercise 3-1 This chapter’s opening scenario illustrates a specific type of incident/disaster. Using a Web browser, search for information related to preparing an organization against terrorist attacks. Look up information on (a) anthrax or another biological attack (like smallpox), (b) sarin or another toxic gas, (c) low-level radiological contamination attacks. Exercise 3-2 Using a Web browser, search for available commercial applications that use various forms of RAID technologies, such as RAID 0 through RAID 5. What is the most common implementation? What is the most expensive?
The following sections discuss the RAID configurations that are most commonly used in the IT industry. RAID Level 0 This is not a form of redundant storage. RAID 0 creates one larger logical volume across several available hard disk drives and stores the data using a process known as disk striping, in which data segments, called stripes, are written in turn to each disk drive in the array. When this is done to allow multiple drives to be combined in order to gain large capacity without data redundancy, it is called disk striping without parity. Unfortunately, failure of one drive may make all data inaccessible. In fact, this level of RAID does not improve the risk situation when using disk drives; instead, it rather increases the risk of losing data from a single drive failure. RAID Level 1 Commonly called disk mirroring, RAID 1 uses twin drives in a computer system. The computer records all data to both drives simultaneously, providing a backup if the primary drive fails. This is a rather expensive and inefficient use of media. A variation of mirroring is called disk duplexing. With mirroring, the same drive controller manages both drives; with disk duplexing, each drive has its own controller. Mirroring is often used to create duplicate copies of operating system volumes for high-availability systems. Using this technique, a plan can be developed that mirrors and then splits disk pairs to create highly available copies of critical system drives. This can make multiple copies of critical data or programs readily available when needed for high-availability computing environments. RAID Level 2 A specialized form of disk striping with parity, RAID 2 is not widely used. It uses a specialized parity coding mechanism known as the Hamming code to store stripes of data on multiple data drives and corresponding redundant error correction on separate error-correcting drives. This approach allows the reconstruction of data if some of the data or redundant parity information is lost. There are no commercial implementations of RAID 2. Failure-Resistant Disk Systems (FRDS) Failure-Tolerant Disk Systems (FTDS) Disaster-Tolerant Disk Systems (DTDS) Protection against data loss due to replaceable unit failure Replaceable unit and environmental failure warning Protection against loss of access to data due to zone failure Replaceable unit monitoring and failure indication Protect.
RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a way of storing the same data in different places on multiple hard disks or solid-state drives (SSDs) to protect data in the case of a drive failure.
Raid the redundant array of independent disks technology overviewIT Tech
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a technology allowing a higher level of storage reliability and performance from disk-drive components via the technique of arranging them into arrays.
A RAID array is a configuration with multiple physical disks set up to use RAID architecture like RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, etc. While the RAID array distributes data across multiple disks, it is considered as a single disk by the server operating system.
Learn more...
RAID, short for redundant array of independent (originally inexpensive) disks is a disk subsystem that stores your data across multiple disks to either increase the performance or provide fault tolerance to your system (some levels provide both).
Popular multimedia video tutorial websites pratik man singh pradhan - slidesPratik Pradhan
Research Thesis on Popular Multimedia Video Tutorial Websites by Pratik Man Singh Pradhan. The study focuses on the popularity of Multimedia Video Tutorials and its impact in the education sector.
www.pmspratik.com.np
Popular Multimedia Video Tutorial Websites - Pratik Man Singh Pradhan - ThesisPratik Pradhan
Research Thesis on Popular Multimedia Video Tutorial Websites by Pratik Man Singh Pradhan. The study focuses on the popularity of Multimedia Video Tutorials and its impact in the education sector.
www.pmspratik.com.np
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
Chapter 4 - Introduction of International StandardsPratik Pradhan
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
MMS2401 - Multimedia system and Communication NotesPratik Pradhan
This is the subject notes for the module, MMS2401 - Multimedia system and Communication Notes, taught in Bachelors of Media Technology in Shepherd College of Media Technology Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This is the notes for the Module CT1101 - Computer Technology, a first year module taught in Bachelors of Media Technology (Shepherd College, Purbanchal University)
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Chapter 8 - Multimedia Storage and Retrieval
1. Chapter 8
Multimedia Storage and
Retrieval
-PRATIK MAN SINGH PRADHAN (WWW.PMSPRATIK.COM.NP)-
MMS2401 – MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS & COMMUNICATIONS (3 CREDITS)
2. Storage and Retrieval
A data storage device is a device for recording (storing) information (data).
Recording can be done using virtually any form of energy, spanning from
manual muscle power in handwriting, to acoustic vibrations in phonographic
recording, to electromagnetic energy modulating magnetic tape and optical
discs.
Data retrieval means obtaining data from a database management system
such as ODBMS.
In this case, it is considered that data is represented in a structured way, and
there is no ambiguity in data.
In order to retrieve the desired data the user present a set of criteria by a
query.
3. Multimedia Storage
Multimedia can be stored in mediums such as Optical Disks, Hard Drives,
Magnetic Storage Media and such.
4. Multimedia Retrieval
Multimedia retrieval depends on the type of multimedia file it is which may
be continuous or discrete.
Continuous media is data where there is a timing relationship between
source and destination. Video, animation and audio are examples of
continuous media.
Some media is time independent or static or discrete media: normal data,
text, single images, graphics are examples.
6. Magnetic Media
Magnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a
magnetised medium.
Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a
magnetisable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory.
7. Optical Media
Optical media - such as the compact disk (CD) - are storage media that
hold content in digital form and that are written and read by a laser; these
media include all the various CD and DVD variations, as well as optical
jukeboxes and autochangers.
8. Disk Spanning
Disc spanning is a feature of CD and DVD burning software that
automatically spreads a large amount of data across many data discs if
the data set's size exceeds the storage capacity of an individual blank
disc.
9. RAID Storage
RAID is a technology that is used to increase the performance and/or
reliability of data storage.
The abbreviation stands for Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks.
A RAID system consists of two or more disks working in parallel.
11. RAID Level 0
RAID 0 (also known as a stripe set or striped volume) splits
("stripes") data evenly across two or more disks, without parity
information, redundancy, or fault tolerance.
Since RAID 0 provides no fault tolerance or redundancy, the
failure of one drive will cause the entire array to fail; as a result of
having data striped across all disks, the failure will result in total
data loss.
This configuration is typically implemented having speed as the
intended goal.
RAID 0 is normally used to increase performance, although it can
also be used as a way to create a large logical volume out of
two or more physical disks.
12. RAID Level 1
RAID 1 consists of an exact copy (or mirror) of a set of data on
two or more disks; a classic RAID 1 mirrored pair contains two
disks.
This configuration offers no parity, striping, or spanning of disk
space across multiple disks, since the data is mirrored on all disks
belonging to the array, and the array can only be as big as the
smallest member disk.
This layout is useful when read performance or reliability is more
important than write performance or the resulting data storage
capacity.
13. RAID Level 2
RAID 2, which is rarely used in practice, stripes
data at the bit (rather than block) level, and
uses a Hamming code for error correction.
The disks are synchronized by the controller to
spin at the same angular orientation (they
reach index at the same, so it generally cannot
service multiple requests simultaneously.
Extremely high data transfer rates are possible.
14. RAID Level 3
RAID 3, which is rarely used in practice,
consists of byte-level striping with a dedicated
parity disk.
One of the characteristics of RAID 3 is that it
generally cannot service multiple requests
simultaneously, which happens because any
single block of data will, by definition, be
spread across all members of the set and will
reside in the same location.
Therefore, any I/O operation requires activity
on every disk and usually requires
synchronized spindles.
15. RAID Level 4
RAID 4 consists of block-level striping with a
dedicated parity disk.
As a result of its layout, RAID 4 provides
good performance of random reads, while
the performance of random writes is low
due to the need to write all parity data to
a single disk.
16. RAID Level 5
RAID 5 consists of block-level striping with
distributed parity.
Unlike in RAID 4, parity information is
distributed among the drives.
It requires that all drives but one be present to
operate.
Upon failure of a single drive, subsequent
reads can be calculated from the distributed
parity such that no data is lost.
RAID 5 requires at least three disks.
17. RAID Level 6
RAID 6 extends RAID 5 by adding
another parity block; thus, it uses
block-level striping with two parity
blocks distributed across all
member disks.