Engineering Thermodynamics-second law of thermodynamics Mani Vannan M
This file consists of content which covers the basics of second law of thermodynamics,heat reservoir,heat source ,heat sink,refrigerator, heat pump,heat engine,carnot theorem,carnot cycle and reversed carnot cycle
Performing Manual and Automated Iterations in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) - Examples from Heat Transfer.
All the EES codes shown in the examples are available at: https://goo.gl/KExGFi
Engineering Thermodynamics-second law of thermodynamics Mani Vannan M
This file consists of content which covers the basics of second law of thermodynamics,heat reservoir,heat source ,heat sink,refrigerator, heat pump,heat engine,carnot theorem,carnot cycle and reversed carnot cycle
Performing Manual and Automated Iterations in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) - Examples from Heat Transfer.
All the EES codes shown in the examples are available at: https://goo.gl/KExGFi
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. 1. Isobaric Process ( P = C): An Isobaric Process is an internally
reversible constant pressure process.
A. Closed System:(Nonflow)
P
V
21P
dV
Q = U + W 1 any substance
W = PdV 2 any substance
U = m(U2 - U1) 3 any substance
W = P(V2 - V1) 4 any substance
Q = h = m(h2-h1) 5 any substance
T
S
1
2
dS
T
P = C
PROCESSES OF FLUIDS
2. For Ideal Gas:
PV = mRT
W =mR(T2-T1) 5
U = mCv(T2-T1) 6
Q = h = mCP (T2-T1) 7
Entropy Change
S = dQ/T 8 any substance
dQ = dh
For Ideal Gas
dh = mCPdT
S = dQ/T
S = mCP dT/T
S = mCP ln(T2/T1) 9
B. Open System:
Q = h + KE + PE + W 10 any substance
W = - VdP - KE - PE 11 any substance
- VdP = 0
3. Q = h 12
W = - KE - PE 13
If KE = 0 and PE = 0
W = 0 14
Q = mCP(T2-T1) 15 Ideal Gas
2. Isometric Process (V = C): An Isometric process is internally
reversible constant volume process.
A. Closed System: (Nonflow)
P
V
1
2
T
S
T
dS
1
2V = C
4. Q = U + W 1 any substance
W = PdV at V = C; dV = 0
W = 0
Q = U = m(U2 - U1) 2 any substance
h = m(h2-h1) 3 any substance
For Ideal Gas:
Q = U = mCv(T2-T1) 4
h = mCP(T2-T1) 5
Entropy Change:
S = dQ/T 6 any substance
dQ = dU
dU = mCvdT for ideal gas
S = dU/T = mCvdT/T
S = mCv ln(T2/T1) 6
5. B. Open System:
Q = h + KE + PE + W 7 any substance
W = - VdP - KE - PE 8 any substance
-VdP = -V(P2-P1) 9 any substance
Q = U = m(U2 - U1) 10 any substance
h = m(h2-h1) 11 any substance
For Ideal Gas:
-VdP = -V(P2-P1) = mR(T1-T2)
Q = U = mCv(T2-T1) 12
h = mCP(T2-T1) 13
If KE = 0 and PE = 0
Q = h + W 14 any substance
W = - VdP 15
W = -VdP = -V(P2-P1) 16 any substance
W = mR(T1-T2) 16 ideal gas
h = mCP(T2-T1) 17 ideal gas
6. 3. Isothermal Process(T = C): An Isothermal process is a reversible
constant temperature process.
A. Closed System (Nonflow)
dS
T
S
T
1 2
P
V
1
2P
dV
PV = C or
T = C
Q = U + W 1 any substance
W = PdV 2 any substance
U = m(U2 - U1) 3 any substance
For Ideal Gas:
dU = mCv dT; at T = C ; dT = 0
Q = W 4
7. W = PdV ; at PV = C ;
P1V1 = P2V2 = C; P = C/V
Substituting P = C/V to W = PdV
W = P1V1 ln(V2/V1) 5
Where (V2/V1) = P1/P2
W = P1V1 ln(P1/P2) 6
P1V1 = mRT1
Entropy Change:
dS = dQ/T 7
S = dQ/T
dQ = TdS ;at T = C
Q = T(S2-S1)
(S2-S1) = S = Q/T 8
S = Q/T = W/T 9 For Ideal Gas
8. B. Open System (Steady Flow)
Q = h + KE + PE + W 10 any substance
W = - VdP - KE - PE 11 any substance
-VdP = -V(P2-P1) 12 any substance
h = m(h2-h1) 13 any substance
For Ideal Gas:
-VdP = -P1V1ln(P2/P1) 14
-VdP = P1V1ln(P1/P2) 15
P1/P2 = V2/V1 16
dh = CPdT; at T = C; dT = 0
h = 0 16
If KE = 0 and PE = 0
Q = h + W 17 any substance
W = - VdP = P1V1ln(P1/P2) 18
For Ideal Gas
h = 0 19
Q = W = - VdP = P1V1ln(P1/P2) 20
9. 4. Isentropic Process (S = C): An Isentropic Process is an internally
“Reversible Adiabatic” process in which the entropy remains constant
where S = C and PVk = C for an ideal or perfect gas.
For Ideal Gas
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
22
1
k
k
k
k
22
k
11
11
k
V
V
P
P
T
T
VPVPand
T
VP
T
VP
CPVandC
T
PV
Using
10. A. Closed System (Nonflow)
T
S
1
2
P
V
1
2
dV
P
S = C or
PVk = C
Q = U + W 1 any substance
W = PdV 2 any substance
U = m(U2 - U1) 3 any substance
Q = 0 4
W = - U = U = -m(U2 - U1) 5
11. For Ideal Gas
U = mCV(T2-T1) 6
From PVk = C, P =C/Vk, and substituting P =C/Vk
to W = ∫PdV, then by integration,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
211
1
1
21
k
k
VP
k
k
12
1122
P
P
k
PdV
P
P
k
mRT
k-1
T-TmR
PdV
k
VP-VP
PdVW 7
8
9
Q = 0
12. Entropy Change
S = 0
S1 = S2
B. Open System (Steady Flow)
Q = h + KE + PE + W 10 any substance
W = - VdP - KE - PE 11 any substance
h = m(h2-h1) 12 any substance
Q = 0
W = -h - KE - PE 13
From PVk = C ,V =[C/P]1/k, substituting V to
-∫VdP, then by integration,
17. A. Closed System: (Nonflow)
Q = U + W 1
W = PdV 2
U = m(U2 - U1) 3
Q = mCn(T2-T1) 4
U = m(U2 - U1) 5
P
V
1
2
dV
P
PVn = C
T
S
2
1
dS
T
PVn = C
K-kg
KJ
or
C-kg
KJ
heatspecificpolytropicC
n1
nk
CC
n
vn
18. From PVn = C, P =C/Vn, and substituting
P =C/Vn to W = ∫PdV, then by integration,
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
211
1
1
21
n
n
VP
n
n
12
1122
P
P
n
PdVW
P
P
n
mRT
n-1
T-TmR
PdVW
n
VP-VP
PdVW
Entropy Change
dS = dQ/T
dQ = mCndT
S = mCnln(T2/T1)
6
8
9
10
19. B. Open System (Steady Flow)
Q = h + KE + PE + W 11
W = - VdP - KE - PE 12
h = m(h2-h1) 13
Q = mCn(T2-T1) 14
dQ = mCn dT
W = Q - h - KE - PE 15
From PVn = C ,V =[C/P]1/n, substituting V to
-∫VdP, then by integration,
n
VP-VPn
VdP
PdVnVdP
1122
1
16
22. 6. Isoenthalpic or Throttling Process: It is a steady - state, steady
flow process in which Q = 0; PE = 0; KE = 0; W = 0 and the
enthalpy remains constant.
h1 = h2 or h = C
Throttling valve
Main steam line
thermometer
Pressure Gauge
Pressure Gauge
To main steam line
Throttling Calorimeter
23. Irreversible or Paddle Work
m
W
Q
U
Wp
Q = U + W - Wp
where: Wp - irreversible or paddle work