The document discusses key aspects of human resource management, including the four parts of the HR process, job analysis, recruiting, selection, orientation, training, performance appraisal, compensation, and benefits. It provides exhibits that define terms like job descriptions and specifications. The exhibits describe sources for recruiting, types of interviews and questions, training methods, performance appraisal processes, and compensation considerations.

1. Human Resources Management

2. Learning Outcomes List the four parts of the human resources management process. Distinguish between a job description and a job specification, and explain why job analysis is needed. Describe recruiting sources for candidates for jobs and the selection process. Describe hypothetical questions and probing questions. Explain what orientation and training and development of employees involve. List the steps in job instructional training. Explain the two types of performance appraisal. Explain the concept “You get what you reward.” After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

3. Learning Outcomes (cont’d) Identify the major components of compensation. Describe the difference between job analysis and job evaluation. Explain why most organizations do not have to address labor relations. Define the key terms listed at the end of the chapter. After studying this chapter, you should be able to:

4. IDEAS ON MANAGEMENT at Scitor How does Scitor view its human resources management process? What effect does Scitor’s approach to human resources management have on attracting employees? What types of training and appraisal does Scitor provide its employees? How does Scitor use its compensation and benefits package to retain employees?

5. Exhibit 7 – 1 ● The Human Resources Management Process

6. Exhibit 7 –2 ● Human Resource Management Resources Sources : Information taken from Administaff Inc.’s company profile on the Yahoo! Finance Web site at http://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=ASF, accessed July 16 , 2007; Vurv Technology’s company profile on the Yahoo! Finance Web site at http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/127/127188 . html , accessed July 16, 2007; and CCH Incorporated’s Web site at http://www.cch.com , accessed July 16, 2007. A leading provider of research, compliance, and management tools for human resources professionals. Its services cover a wide range of topics, including human resources management and law relating to performance management, employment policy and safety, workers’ compensation, and employee benefits. CCH’s resources for HR professionals include the Human Resources Management Library , the HRAnswersNow Web site, and the HR How-To Book Series. CCH Incorporated (http://hr.cch.com) Develops software for executive recruiters, temp agencies, and other types of staffing and human resources organizations. Its Web-based software helps companies analyze their workforces and attract, hire, and retain employees more efficiently. Vurv offers its software in versions that target the needs of corporate human resources departments and staffing agencies, and it offers applications for monitoring skills and competency levels throughout an organization. The company also offers consulting, global deployment, and technology integration services. Vurv Technology ( http://www.vurv.com) The nation’s leading professional employer organization (PEO), serving as a full-service human resources department for small and medium-sized businesses throughout the United States. Its personnel management system offers various services, including benefits and payroll administration, health and workers’ compensation insurance programs, personnel records management, employer liability management, employee recruiting and selection, employee performance management, and employee training and development services. The company’s services also include drafting and reviewing personnel policies and employee handbooks; designing job descriptions; performing perspective employee screening and background investigations; designing performance appraisal processes and forms; professional development and issues-oriented training; employee counseling; substance abuse awareness training; drug testing; outplacement services; and compensation guidance. Among the company’s products are online applications such as HRTools.com, PersonnelPolicy.com, JobDescription.com, and PerformanceReview.com. Administaff, Inc. ( http://www.administaff.com )

7. Exhibit 7 –3 ● Federal Laws Related to HRM

8. The Legal Environment Equal Opportunity Employment (1972) Civil Rights Act of 1964 amended Prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, race or color, or national origin. Applies to private and public organizations that employ 15 or more persons. Protected classes of minorities: Hispanics, Asians, African Americans, Native Americans, and Alaskan natives Disadvantaged young people, disabled individuals, and persons over 40

9. Preemployment Inquires To Avoid Asking Discriminatory Questions: All questions asked must be job-related. Any general question that you ask should be asked of all candidates. Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ) An occupational qualification that may be discriminatory but that is reasonably necessary to normal operation of a particular organization. Example: Casting only females for the leading actress’s part in a play.

10. Exhibit 7 –4 ● Preemployment Inquiries

11. Exhibit 7 –4 ● Preemployment Inquiries (cont’d)

13. The Human Resources Department Functions of the HR Department: Recruits employees so that the line managers can select which employees to hire. Orients employees and trains many of them to do their jobs. Usually develops the performance appraisal system and forms used by managers throughout the organization. Determines compensation for employees. Is usually responsible for employee health and safety programs, labor relations, and the termination of employees. Keeps employment records, and it is often involved with legal matters.

14. Human Resources Planning Strategic Human Resources Planning The process of staffing the organization to meet its objectives. Job Analysis The process of determining what the position entails and the qualifications need to fill the position. Job description Identifies the tasks and responsibilities of a position. Job specifications Identify the qualifications needed by the person who is to fill a position.

15. Exhibit 7 –5 ● Job Description DEPARTMENT: Plant Engineering JOB TITLE: Lead Sheet Metal Specialist JOB DESCRIPTION: Responsible for the detailed direction, instruction, and leading of sheet metal department personnel in the construction and repair of a wide variety of sheet metal equipment. Receives verbal or written instructions from foreperson as to sequence and type of jobs or special methods to be used. Allocates work to members of the group. Directs the layout, fabrication, assembly, and removal of sheet metal units according to drawings or sketches and generally accepted trade procedures. Obtains materials or supplies needed for specific jobs according to standard procedures. Trains new employees, as directed, regarding metal-working procedures and safe working practices. Checks all work performed by the group. Usually makes necessary contacts for the group with supervision or engineering personnel. May report irregularities to higher supervision but has no authority to hire, fire, or discipline other employees.

16. Exhibit 7 –6 ● Recruiting Sources

18. The Selection Process 1. Application form 2. Screening interviews 3. Testing 4. Background and reference checks 5. Interviewing 6. Hiring

19. Exhibit 7 –7 ● Types of Interviews and Questions

20. Exhibit 7 –8 ● Interview Preparation Steps

21. Exhibit 7 –9 ● Interviewing Steps

22. Selecting the Candidate Problems to Avoid: Rushing Stereotyping “Like me” syndrome Halo and horn effect Premature selection

23. Join the Discussion Ethics & Social Responsibility Homeless Workers Is Andre Jehan exploiting the homeless? Is it ethical and socially responsible to give homeless people food for carrying signs?

24. Developing Employees Orientation The process of introducing new employees to the organization and their jobs. Orientation Program Elements Description of organization and department functions Specification of job tasks and responsibilities Explanation of standing plans A facility tour Introduction to coworkers

25. Developing Employees (cont’d) Training The process of teaching employees the skills necessary to do the job. Development Ongoing education to improve skills for present and future jobs.

26. Developing Employees (cont’d) Off-the-Job Training Vestibule training Develops skills in a simulated setting. On-the-Job Training Done at the work site with the resources the employee uses to perform the job.

27. Exhibit 7 – 10 ● Job Instructional Training Steps

28. Exhibit 7 – 11 ● Training Methods

30. Performance Appraisal Performance Appraisal The ongoing process of evaluating employee performance. Types of Performance Appraisal Developmental performance appraisal Make decisions and plans for performance improvements. Evaluative performance appraisal Make administrative decisions about pay raises, transfers, promotions, demotions, and terminations. “You Get What You Reward” People seek information concerning what activities are rewarded and then seek to do those things, often to the exclusion of activities not rewarded.

31. Exhibit 7 – 12 ● The Performance Appraisal Process

32. Exhibit 7 – 13 ● Performance Appraisal Measurement Methods

33. Performance Appraisal Measurement Methods Critical Incidents File A performance appraisal method in which a manager keeps a written record of positive and negative performance of employees throughout the performance period. Management by Objectives (MBO) A process in which managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employees, periodically evaluate performance, and reward according to the results.

34. Performance Appraisal Measurement Methods (cont’d) Narrative Method Requires a manager to write a statement about the employee’s performance. Can vary as managers may be allowed to write whatever they want, or they may be required to answer questions about the employee’s performance. Is often combined with another method.

35. Performance Appraisal Measurement Methods (cont’d) Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) Combines the rating scale and the critical incidents file. Is more objective and accurate than either method used separately. Has several statements that describe the employee’s performance, from which the manager selects the best one. Standards are clear when a good BARS is developed.

36. Performance Appraisal Measurement Methods (cont’d) Rating Scale Is a performance appraisal checklist on which a manager simply rates the employee’s quantity of work, quality of work, dependability, judgment, attitude, cooperation, and initiative. Ranking Is used to evaluate employee performance from best to worst. The manager compares an employee to other employees, rather than to a standard measurement.

37. Performance Appraisal Measurement Methods (cont’d) Forced Distribution Method Is similar to grading on a curve. Predetermined percentages of employees are placed in various performance categories. Example: excellent, 5%; above average, 15%; average, 60%; below average, 15%; and poor, 5%

39. Exhibit 7 – 14 ● The Evaluative Performance Appraisal Interview

40. Exhibit 7 – 15 ● The Developmental Performance Appraisal Interview

41. Compensation Compensation The total cost of pay and benefits to employees. Pay Systems Wages Paid on an hourly basis. Salary Based on specific time period regardless of hours worked. Incentives Paid for performance as piece rates for production, commissions on sales, merit raises, bonuses for reaching/exceeding goals, and profit sharing.

42. Join the Discussion Ethics & Social Responsibility Commissions Offering higher commissions for different funds is not illegal. What is the ethical issue? As a broker, would you intentionally sell more of the products that gave you a higher commission?

43. Compensation (cont’d) Pay Determination Externally market valuing the job on a pay level decision. Job evaluation Used internally to determine the worth of each job relative to the other jobs with in the organization. Benefits Legally required benefits (e.g., workers’ compensation, unemployment compensation, and Social Security) Optional benefits (e.g., health insurance; paid sick days, holidays, and vacations; and pension plans)

44. Health and Safety Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) Requires employers to pursue workplace safety by meeting OSHA safety standards, maintaining records of injuries and deaths due to workplace accidents, and submitting to on-site inspections. The human resources department commonly has responsibility for ensuring the health and safety of employees.

45. Join the Discussion Ethics & Social Responsibility Sweatshops In your opinion, are companies that hire sweatshop workers helping these workers or exploiting them? Should a global company compensate all employees at the same rates, or should compensation be based on the cost of doing business and the cost of living in a given country? Is it possible for a company to apply the same health and safety standards that it follows in the United States to its operations in other countries and still compete globally with companies that don’t apply such standards? Is it ethical and socially responsible to contract work with sweatshops? What, if anything, should be done about sweatshops?

46. Labor Relations Labor Relations The interactions between management and unionized employees. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Oversees the labor relations process through the National Labor Relations Board. Collective Bargaining The negotiation process resulting in a contract that covers compensation, hours, and working conditions and other issues that employees and management agree to.

47. Exhibit 7 – 16 ● The Union-Organizing Process

48. Labor Relations (cont’d) Mediator A neutral party who helps management and labor settle their disagreements by compromise. Arbitrator A neutral party that can make a binding decision, one to which management and labor must adhere.

49. Loss of Employees Organizations Lose Employees for Three Primary Reasons: Through attrition — employees leave for other jobs, elect to stop working for a period of time, or retire. Employees who break rules or do not perform to standards are fired. Employees are laid off. Exit Interviews Help identify problem areas that lead to turnover. Outplacement Services Help laid-off employees find new jobs or learn new skills.

50. KEY TERMS human resources management process bona fide occupational qualification (BFOQ) strategic human resources planning job description job specifications recruiting selection assessment centers orientation training development vestibule training performance appraisal compensation job evaluation labor relations collective bargaining