Chapter 6 Presentation
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This document discusses vaccinations, allergies, and hives. It explains that vaccinations contain weakened or killed pathogens that stimulate antibody production to provide immunity. It lists common vaccinations and notes that the CDC recommends vaccinations to eradicate diseases. Allergies are hypersensitivities that can cause hives, hay fever, or asthma in response to allergens like pollen, dust, or foods. Hives form as a result of an allergic reaction, causing wheals and itchiness, and can vary in size from small to large.
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This document provides information on different types of rashes in children and when parents should be concerned. It discusses common rashes like ringworm, fifth disease, chickenpox, impetigo, and warts. It also covers conditions such as contact dermatitis, hand-foot-mouth disease, eczema, hives, scarlet fever, roseola, rubella, Lyme disease, and diaper rash. The document emphasizes that while some rashes are minor, others can be life-threatening, so parents should see a doctor if concerned.
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is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
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Measles is caused by a virus that spreads through the air via coughing or sneezing. It has an incubation period of 8-12 days and early symptoms include fever, runny nose, eye inflammation, and cough. A rash then develops on the face and spreads downward over 3 days. Complications can include ear infections, pneumonia, and neurological issues. Rubella is caused by a virus spread through respiratory secretions. While usually mild, it can cause fetal death or defects if a pregnant woman is infected. Both measles and rubella can be prevented through vaccination with the MR vaccine at 9 months and 15 months of age.
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A pediatric patient presented with fever and a rash, which can indicate various illnesses ranging from minor to life-threatening. The differential diagnosis for febrile patients with a rash is extensive, including viral, bacterial, and other infectious etiologies. Proper evaluation and management of these patients is important as the severity of illness can vary greatly.
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Measles
This document provides information about measles including its causes, transmission, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, vaccination, and the debunked link between MMR vaccine and autism. It discusses how measles is caused by a virus in the paramyxovirus family and is highly contagious via airborne droplets. Signs include fever, cough, rash, and potential complications involving the brain, ears, or lungs. Diagnosis is usually clinical with lab tests to confirm. There is no specific treatment beyond supportive care. Routine MMR vaccination beginning at 9-15 months has led to a significant global reduction in measles cases and deaths.
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其实同样的问题提了一遍又一遍，让这些写博客的人们不知道该如何是好。现在我们一起来看看是否你也会在你的博客里犯下列七种‘罪’吧！
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Chapter 6 Presentation
- 1. Vaccinations, Allergies and Hives, Oh My!
- 2. VACCINATION (Also known as immunization) Is a weakened or killed pathogen that stimulates antibody production in the body to produce immunity from that pathogen Common vaccinations include: -Flu -MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) -Hepatitis A and B -DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) -Varicella -Rotovirus -Inactive Poliovirus -Meningitis -Rotavirus -Meningococcal -HPV -Pneumoccocal
- 3. VACCINATION(Also known as immunization) Can be injected in the subcutaneous (fatty tissue) or intramuscular (in the muscle) layers. Quick fact: the Flu vaccine can be administered intramuscular or through a nasal spray. It is recommended for children under 5 to get vaccinated because they have not built up enough defenses to fight these infections and diseases. If you go to www.cdc.gov you will find the recommended vaccination schedules for all ages. The CDC recommends vaccinations until we can remove the disease. Smallpox is a disease that no longer exits because of vaccinations
- 4. ALLERGIES Hypersensitivity to a common substance in the environment or to a medication Common allergens include: pollen, dust, food, medications, bee and wasp stings, mold spores, mildew, pet dander, latex.
- 5. ALLERGIES Effects of allergen exposure include hives, hay fever, eczema, asthma, redness in eyes, runny nose, itchiness, in extreme cases anaphylactic shock. Simple avoidance of allergy producing substance, anti-histamines, cortisone creams, immunotherapy, and steroids are some ways to prevent or treat allergies. Scratch tests are a way to determine what exactly you are allergic to. Doctors put a drop of a substance on your skin, then with a sterile needle they scratch the area. If that area gets red and swells, then you are allergic to that substance.
- 6. HIVES (Urticaria) Hives are wheals that are often itchy as a result of an allergic reaction. -Hives form in response to a histamine. The blood plasma leaks out of the blood vessels and goes into the skin. -Hives are formed by an allergy to some medications, dander, latex, shell fish, nuts, aspirin, ibuprofen, penicillin, etc. -There are also times where there is no known cause.
- 7. HIVES (Urticaria) Hives can be as small as a pencil eraser or as large as a plate. Hives can last less than a day (acute) or last moths to years (chronic). You should seek medical attention when you are short of breath, lightheaded, or your throat is swelling.