The document summarizes key events that led to the decline of feudalism in Europe, including the Magna Carta limiting the king's power, the bubonic plague killing millions, and the Hundred Years' War shifting power from lords to monarchs. Political developments in England like Henry II's legal reforms established trial by jury rather than feudal courts. The plague devastated Europe's population and economy, leaving fewer serfs bound to manor lords. Paying commoners to fight as professional armies made monarchs independent of feudal levies.