Chapter 1 study guide review
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This document is a study guide review for Chapter 1 that covers vocabulary, reasons for the fall of Rome, picture analysis questions, and general/opinion questions. The vocabulary section defines 10 terms related to the fall of Rome like empire, decline, aqueduct, and Constantine. The reasons for Rome's fall section lists social, political, economic, and size-related reasons. It discusses issues like corruption, heavy taxes, and a large difficult to defend empire. The picture analysis and general/opinion questions provide topics for further analysis and discussion about the Roman Empire.
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The document provides an overview of the geography and history of ancient Rome. It discusses how Rome's central location in Italy contributed to its success in unifying the Italian peninsula and surrounding Mediterranean lands. Key events summarized include the transition from kingdom to republic around 509 BCE, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests, the establishment of an empire under Augustus, and the eventual split of the empire into western and eastern halves in the 4th century CE. The document also examines factors that influenced the rise and fall of the Roman Empire such as invasions by barbarian tribes, the adoption of Christianity as the official religion, and the lasting impacts of Roman civilization.
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This document contains a study guide reviewing chapters 10-18 and geography questions. It provides questions and short answers about the Crusades, West Africa's kingdoms and trade routes, the spread of Islam, dynasties in China, important explorations and technological advances, and the basic geography of regions discussed. Key events, people, and concepts are tested including the reasons for the Crusades, Ghana's control of trade, advances in iron tools and food production in West Africa, the spread of Islam in Africa, China's civil service system, and maritime technologies.
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This document provides a study guide review covering vocabulary terms related to architecture and art in ancient Rome, reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire including social, political, economic, and size-related factors, geography challenges faced in Rome, general questions about Roman history and culture, and opinion questions related to famous Roman sayings and the impacts of engineering and architecture. Key vocabulary includes terms like mural, mosaic, scribe, vault, and aqueduct. Major reasons for Rome's fall include growing corruption, economic troubles, and an inability to effectively manage the large empire. The review covers geography, influential groups on Roman art, early Roman rulers, and influences of Latin on the English language.
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Here are the key differences between the Roman Republic and Roman Empire:
- The Roman Republic (509 BC - 27 BC) had a senate and elected officials, while the Roman Empire (27 BC - 476 AD) was ruled by an emperor who had supreme autocratic power.
- The Roman Republic expanded through alliances and adding client kingdoms, while the Empire aggressively expanded its borders through military conquests.
- Socially, the Republic had a strong sense of civic duty and equality under the law for citizens. The Empire had more social stratification with emperors, aristocracy, merchants, freedmen, slaves.
- Economically, the Republic used conquests to gain wealth, resources and tribute.
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The document provides details about the geography, expansion, urban decay, religions, achievements, politics, economy, social structure, and fall of ancient Rome. It describes how Rome was founded on seven hills along the Tiber River and expanded throughout the Mediterranean region over centuries of conquest. As the empire grew, social issues like unemployment and inflation contributed to economic difficulties. The transition from Roman Republic to Empire changed the political system from one ruled by senators and citizens to one led by emperors.
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Roman society was stratified, with patricians at the top holding political power, while plebeians comprised 90% of the population but had little influence initially. Women were able to own property and work, but their primary role was childrearing. Roman emperors wielded immense power over both the government and society, and could enact sweeping changes through new laws and military campaigns, for better or worse. Understanding the role of emperors is key to comprehending Roman history and culture.
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Ancient Rome was located in Italy and built on seven hills facing the Tyrrhenian Sea. It began expanding across Southern Europe and the Mediterranean in the 5th century BC. The Punic Wars were a series of three wars between Rome and Carthage from 264-146 BC that established Roman dominance. Urban decay occurred within city walls as the poor lived in crowded, dangerous conditions. Christianity began spreading during this period and faced some persecution. Romans built aqueducts to supply towns with water and constructed roads to facilitate trade and military control across their empire. Slavery, trade, inflation, and environmental issues like lead poisoning all impacted their social structure and economy.
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Rome expanded its territory through military conquests between 264 BC and 44 BC, gaining control of the Mediterranean region. Its central location on the Tiber River in Italy allowed it to develop trade networks by sea and an extensive road system across its empire. Over time, Rome transitioned from a republic to an empire ruled by emperors like Augustus, Trajan, and Hadrian. The Roman economy was based on farming and trade, though inflation increased as the value of currency decreased under various emperors. Roman society was stratified, with patricians, plebeians, consuls, tribunes, and slaves filling different roles.
Roman Republic
Rome was founded as a republic in 509 BCE, with a government led by senators and two annually elected consuls. Romans were polytheistic and adopted Greek gods like Jupiter and Juno. Society was divided into patricians and plebeians. The Roman Republic expanded across Italy and conquered territories through a powerful army composed of citizen-soldiers. After a period of instability, Augustus established the Roman Empire, bringing two centuries of peace and prosperity under imperial rule. However, the western empire eventually declined due to invasions, economic troubles, and governmental corruption.
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Rome was located on seven hills along the Tiber River, which provided access to trade routes and allowed the city to expand greatly over time. Social conflicts emerged as Rome's population grew, with most citizens living in poor conditions while a few became very wealthy. The Roman Republic engaged in several Punic Wars with Carthage and expanded its territory across the Mediterranean. Roman culture and religion were influenced by Greek and Etruscan traditions, and over time Christianity grew despite resistance. The empire developed extensive infrastructure projects including aqueducts and roads, and its legal system and forms of government had lasting influences. However, internal problems with the economy, political leadership, and slave labor contributed to the decline of the once powerful Roman Empire
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The Romans were influenced by the Etruscans who ruled northern Italy. Rome was founded by Romulus around 753 BCE. It later developed into a republic ruled by patricians and plebians, with patricians holding more power. Rome then expanded through the Punic Wars against Carthage. The Roman Republic transitioned into an Empire under Augustus Caesar who brought peace during the Pax Romana period. The Empire contributed greatly to infrastructure, law, and language through use of Latin, leaving a lasting influence on Western civilization.
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The document discusses several topics related to ancient Rome, with a focus on the effects of Rome's expansion. As Rome expanded its territory, poverty within Rome grew as poor Romans lost their land and work. However, expansion also brought benefits to wealthy Romans through increased imports of exotic foods. The expansion grew Rome's army as well, strengthening the security of the empire. Overall, the summary states that while expansion negatively impacted poor Romans by increasing poverty levels, it positively impacted wealthy Romans through greater access to resources and goods.
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The Romans lived in Rome, Italy around 2000 years ago. According to legend, the city of Rome was founded by the twin brothers Romulus and Remus in 753 BC. Rome grew to become a powerful empire, ruling lands from France to North Africa. The Romans developed many aspects of modern Western civilization, including infrastructure, language, laws, and architecture like aqueducts and mosaics.
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The document summarizes key aspects of geography, mythology, agriculture, colonies, religion, achievements, politics, economy, social structure, and conclusion of the Roman Empire. It describes how the location of Rome along rivers and mountain ranges provided natural defenses. Farming and trade dominated the economy. The lives of rich and poor differed greatly in terms of housing, education, and luxuries. The Empire's success was due to its military, infrastructure, and political innovations but its overexpansion and economic troubles ultimately led to decline.
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The document summarizes the origins and rise of ancient Rome from its founding as a city-state through the establishment of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. It discusses Rome's early trade partnerships and conquest of neighboring regions like the Etruscans and Carthage. As Rome expanded across Western Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, it developed a republican government and granted citizenship and rights to conquered peoples. This period saw the rise of influential leaders like Julius Caesar and the emergence of Christianity. Internal conflicts and invasions by Germanic tribes eventually led to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
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The document provides an overview of the history of Rome and the Byzantine Empire. It discusses the founding and early government of Rome as a republic, the Punic Wars with Carthage, the rule of Julius Caesar and the transition to an empire under Augustus. It then covers key events and figures in the Roman Empire like the Pax Romana and the "good emperors", before addressing the decline of the western empire and the rise of the Byzantine Empire with Constantinople as its capital under Emperor Justinian.
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The document provides information on various topics related to ancient Rome, including its physical geography, climate, agriculture, expansion, religion, government, infrastructure, social classes, and military. Key points include that the Italian peninsula is defined by mountain ranges like the Alps and Apennines and bordered by the Adriatic Sea; Rome had a Mediterranean climate with hot summers and mild winters; and the Romans gradually expanded their territory by conquering neighboring regions and establishing alliances.
Ancient RomeBeginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancien
Ancient Rome
Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands.
Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.
They then instead had a council known as the 'senate' which ruled over them. From this point on one speaks of the 'Roman Republic'.
Early Rome was governed by kings, but after only seven of them had ruled, the Romans took power over their own city and ruled themselves
The word 'Republic' itself comes from the Latin (the language of the Romans) words 'res publica' which mean 'public matters' or 'matters of state'.
The senate under the kings had only been there to advise the king. Now the senate appointed a consul, who ruled Rome like a king, but only for one year. - This was a wise idea, as like that, the consul ruled carefully and not as a tyrant, for he knew that otherwise he could be punished by the next consul, once his year was up.
Rome knew four classes of people. This division was very important to the Romans.
The lowest class were the slaves. They were owned by other people. They had no rights at all. The next class were the plebeians. They were free people. But they had little say at all.
The second highest class were the equestrians (sometimes they are called the 'knights'). Their name means the 'riders', as they were given a horse to ride if they were called to fight for Rome. To be an equestrian you had to be rich.
The highest class were the nobles of Rome. They were called 'patricians'. All the real power in Rome lay with them.
The greatest challenge the Roman Republic faced was that of the Carthaginians. Carthage was a very powerful city in North Africa which, much like Rome, controlled its own empire. The fight between the two sides was a long one and took place on land and on sea.
The most famous incident came when the great Carthaginian general Hannibal crossed the mountain chain of the Alps to the north of Italy with all his troops, including his war-elephants, and invaded Italy. Though Rome in the end won and Carthage was completely destroyed in the year 146 BC.
Rome's most famous citizen was no doubt Julius Caesar. He was a Roman politician and general who, without having any orders to do so, conquered the vast territory of the Gauls to the north of his province in France.
In the year 49 BC Caesar crossed the small river between his province and Italy, called the river Rubicon, and conquered Rome itself which he then ruled as a dictator.
His military campaigns also took him to Egypt where he met the famous Cleopatra.
His life though was ended as he was inf ...
Roman Civilization Essay
The Roman Republic collapsed due to the actions of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians. The Senate became corrupt and lost touch with the people. Powerful generals like Pompey and Caesar pursued personal power over the good of the Republic. Politicians like Caesar disrupted the traditional balance of power and established himself as a dictator, ending the Republic and beginning the Empire.
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The document provides an overview of the geography and history of ancient Rome. It discusses how Rome's central location in Italy contributed to its success in unifying the Italian peninsula and surrounding Mediterranean lands. Key events summarized include the transition from kingdom to republic around 509 BCE, the expansion of Roman territory through military conquests, the establishment of an empire under Augustus, and the eventual split of the empire into western and eastern halves in the 4th century CE. The document also examines factors that influenced the rise and fall of the Roman Empire such as geography, expansion, civil wars, and invasions by barbarian groups.
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Ancient RomeBeginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancien
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Chapter 1 study guide review
- 1. CChhaapptteerr 11 SSttuuddyy GGuuiiddee RReevviieeww
- 3. collapsed ❖ Letter J: To fail suddenly or completely
- 4. mosaic ❖ Letter B: A picture made up of small pieces of tile, glass, or colored stones.
- 5. scribe ❖ Letter F: A person trained to write or copy directions by hand.
- 6. Roman Empire ❖ Letter G: At its height, around 200 C.E, it spanned the Mediterranean world and most of Europe
- 7. proverb ❖ Letter C: A popular saying that is meant to express something wise or true.
- 8. empire ❖ Letter D: A large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government
- 9. corruption ❖ Letter H: A pattern of illegal or immoral activities by government officials
- 10. decline ❖ Letter E: A slow breakdown or failure
- 11. philosophy ❖ Letter A: The study of wisdom, knowledge, and the nature of reality
- 12. aqueduct ❖ Letter I: A pipe or channel built to carry water between distant places
- 13. Constantine ❖ Letter K: Roman Emperor who, in 330 C.E., moved the capital to Byzantium and later renamed it Constantinople
- 14. IIII.. FFaallll ooff RRoommee RReeaassoonnss
- 15. Social Reasons ❖ growing corruption within the empire ❖ decline in the spirit of citizenship (didn’t feel like “they” belonged in the empire.) ❖ Emperors wasted a lot of money. ❖ Increase in crime made the empire’s cities and roads unsafe.
- 16. Political Reasons ❖ Never figured out a way to peacefully transfer political power to a new leader. ❖ Rivals would often take the “throne” when an emperor died. ❖ No good system of selecting a new emperor ❖ The Praetorian Guard, the emperor’s army, would often pick the next emperor based on what was in it for them...not was best for the empire.
- 17. Economic Reasons ❖ To pay for the large armies, Rome’s citizens had to pay Heavy Taxes. ❖ Heavy taxes put many people into poverty ❖ Trade suffered ❖ Unemployment became a problem ❖ Large landowners took over large estates which meant the small landowners were left with nothing.
- 18. Size of the Empire Reasons ❖ The empire was too large to defend. ❖ Roman armies could not communicate with other leaders in the army that may be stationed in different parts of the empire. ❖ When new areas were taken over, these new citizens joined Rome’s army, but didn’t have the same loyalty as people who were born in Rome.
- 20. Answers will vary – make sure you connect how it relates to the Fall of the Roman Empire
- 22. 19. What does the term stoic mean? ❖ Someone who believes that a person must have good character and live in agreement with nature.
- 23. 20. What group influenced Roman art? ❖ The group that influenced Roman art were the GREEKS!
- 24. 21. Who was the first to rule for the Roman Empire? What accomplishments did he do for the Roman Empire? ❖ Caesar Augustus ❖ He stopped 100 years of civil war ❖ He expanded the boundaries of the empire
- 25. 22. What is natural law and what does it believe that everyone has? ❖ Natural law is a universal of justice that comes from nature. ❖ Natural law believes that everyone has rights.
- 26. 23. How did Latin help influence the English language? ❖ Words in English use many of Latin’s prefixes as well as root words.
- 27. 24. What does the word engineering mean? ❖ The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures. ❖ Many times it deals with how something works!!
- 28. 25. What does the word architecture mean? ❖ The art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
- 30. 26. “All Roads lead to Rome” ❖ Answers will Vary
- 31. 27. “Rome perished, yet it lived on” ❖ Answers will vary
- 32. 28. Engineering or Architecture....greatest impact? ❖ Answers will vary