The document summarizes key events and developments in medieval English history from the 13th to 15th centuries. It discusses the decline of feudalism, the establishment of parliament under Henry III, Edward I's efforts to annex Scotland and Wales, the growth of towns and rise of literacy, the Black Death plague of 1348 that killed over a third of the population, and the War of the Roses between the Houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne from 1455 to 1485.

2.  Magna Carta and the Decline of Feudalism:
 Feudalism and the use of land in return for
service was beginning to weaken

3.  The ongoing struggle between church and
British kings continues to persist
 Each targets at undertaking dominance and
control, ends mostly in disaster or discontent

4.  The beginning of parliament:
 over the reign of Henry III and under the
leadership of Simon de Montfort, the nobles took
over the government and elected a council of
nobles.
 De Montfort called it a parliament, or parlement,
a French word meaning a "discussion meeting".

5.  Annexing all British States:
 Edward I was interested in bringing the rest
of Britain under his control.
 Scotland was the most resistible country to
British overlordship.
 it was led by William Wallace, a Norman-
Scottish knight.
 Scottish nationalism was born on the day
Wallace died

6.  The thirteenth century brought a new movement,
the "brotherhoods" of friars.
 These friars were wandering preachers.
 They were interested not in Church power and
splendor, but in t he souls of ordinary men and
women.

7.  By 1300 the population was probably just
over four million; about three times what it
had been in 1066.

8.  The growth of farms and animal hunting
 The growth of many wealth towns like London
and Oxford
 Many villagers became known by their trade
name: blacksmiths, carpenters, tillers or
shepherds
 The growth of literacy in England was closely
connected with the twelfth -century Renaissance

9.  Schools of learning were established in many
towns and cities.
 Some were "grammar" schools independent
of the Church, while others were attached to
a cathedral.

10.  The fourteenth century was disastrous for
Britain as well as most of Europe, because of
the effect of wars and plagues

11.  England set a war with France and Scotland
that made both an alliance against England.
 The struggle between the French and English
kings over French territories was to continue
into the fifteenth century.

12.  The year 1348 brought an event of far greater
importance
 This was the terrible plague, known as the
Black Death, which reached almost every part
of Britain during 1348-9
 Probably more than one-third of the entire
population of Britain died

13.  During the 14 century, towards the end of the
middle Ages, there was a continuous struggle
between the king and his nobles
 In 1327 when Edward II was deposed and
cruelly murdered.
 Towards the end of the14 century, Richard II
was the second king to be killed by ambitious
lords.

14.  War of Roses: In the nineteenth century, the
novelist Walter Scott named these wars the
"Wars of t he Roses“
 because York 's symbol was a white rose, and
Lancaster's a red one

15.  Nobility Were Divided Between Those:
 Who Remained Loyal To Henry VI, The
"Lancastrians”
 Who Supported The Duke Of York, The
"Yorkists" Mainly Edward IV.

16.  Richard III killed his two nephews to keep the
throne for himself
 The battle quickly ended in Richard’s defeat
and death.
 Henry Tudor was crowned king immediately,
on the battlefield.
 The war had finally ended.