Chapter 12 workhseet notes
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This document provides information on early societies in West Africa, including their geography, trade, communities and villages, and the development of towns and cities. It discusses how the different regions of West Africa (the Sahara desert, Sahel, savanna, and forest) influenced settlement patterns and trade. Extended families formed villages for protection and farming, and the growth of ironworking and expansion of trade caused some villages to grow into wealthy towns and cities located along trade routes. Kingdoms and empires eventually developed through taxes collected from trade, and conquest allowed for control over trade but also required tribute payments and military service from subject peoples.
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Chapter 11 workhseet notes
This document provides information on early societies in West Africa, including their geography, trade, communities and villages, and the development of towns and cities. It discusses how the different regions of West Africa (the Sahara desert, Sahel, savanna, and forest) influenced settlement patterns and trade. Trade was important for obtaining resources not available locally. Villages formed extended family groups and were governed by male elders. The growth of ironworking and expansion of trade caused villages located along trade routes to become larger towns and cities. One such city, Jenne-jeno, was a major trading center due to its location at the intersection of rivers. Blacksmiths had high status there due to their ironworking skills. Larger king
Chapter 1: Section 3 West African Societies Around 1492
US History 1: PowerPoint Presentation
Chapter 1 Three Worlds Meet
Section 3 West African Societies Around 1492
Sudan page slideshare
The Republic of Sudan is located in North Africa, bordered by several countries, and is the third largest country on the African continent. It has a population of over 43 million people and its capital and largest city is Khartoum. Arabic is the official language of Sudan and the country has a predominantly rural population and economy focused on agriculture, though it also has industry and has discovered oil reserves. Sudan has a long history dating back millennia and was ruled by several empires before gaining independence in 1956.
Africa
The document discusses several topics related to Africa:
1. It describes the issues of blood diamonds and blood oil, where African warlords mine diamonds and extract oil to fund weapons purchases to take more land for resources.
2. It provides an overview of Africa's diverse climate, from rainforests to deserts such as the Sahara.
3. It discusses the history of the city of Timbuktu, which was an important trading and Islamic learning center that declined after being captured in 1591.
4. It outlines the rise and fall of the Mali Empire, which became wealthy and powerful through gold and trade but began declining in the 1400s due to weak rulers and raids
Africa
The document discusses several topics related to Africa:
1. It describes the issues of blood diamonds and blood oil, where African warlords mine diamonds and extract oil to fund weapons purchases to take more land for resources.
2. It provides an overview of Africa's diverse climate, from rainforests to deserts such as the Sahara.
3. It discusses the history of the city of Timbuktu, which was an important trading and Islamic learning center that declined after being captured in 1591.
4. It outlines the rise and fall of the Mali Empire, which became wealthy and powerful through gold and trade but began declining in the 1400s due to weak rulers and raids
Africa
Africa has a diverse climate ranging from rainforests to deserts, with much of West Africa being semi-arid and parts of Northern West Africa taken up by the Sahara Desert. Timbuktu, founded in 1100 AD, was an important trading and Islamic learning center until declining when captured by Morocco in 1591. The powerful Mali Empire emerged among the declining Ghana Empire in the 1200s and became very rich through gold and trade, though began declining in the 1400s due to weak rulers and raids.
Fertile Crescent Vocabulary
The document defines key terms and geography related to the Fertile Crescent, the ancient arc of fertile land stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. It describes how the Fertile Crescent, particularly Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, saw the rise of some of the world's earliest civilizations like Sumer in the 3rd millennium BC. Sumerians developed innovations like the ziggurat temple, cuneiform writing system, and city-states. Later powerful groups like the Akkadians, Babylonians, Phoenicians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans ruled parts of the Fertile Crescent and contributed achievements in law,
Othman'[1]
My hometown is located in Chad. It has a population of over 8 million people and was originally settled by Berbers in the 8th century AD. Islam arrived in the 11th century and three rival kingdoms flourished until coming under Sudanese rule in the late 1800s. The culture is influenced by the Sara people and features distinctive music styles. Some of the most famous places in Chad include the capital city of N'Djamena with its national museum, Lake Chad which was once an important trade hub, Zakouma National Park known for its wildlife, and the Tibesti Mountains home to the Toubou tribe.
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Chapter 11 workhseet notes
This document provides information on early societies in West Africa, including their geography, trade, communities and villages, and the development of towns and cities. It discusses how the different regions of West Africa (the Sahara desert, Sahel, savanna, and forest) influenced settlement patterns and trade. Trade was important for obtaining resources not available locally. Villages formed extended family groups and were governed by male elders. The growth of ironworking and expansion of trade caused villages located along trade routes to become larger towns and cities. One such city, Jenne-jeno, was a major trading center due to its location at the intersection of rivers. Blacksmiths had high status there due to their ironworking skills. Larger king
Chapter 1: Section 3 West African Societies Around 1492
US History 1: PowerPoint Presentation
Chapter 1 Three Worlds Meet
Section 3 West African Societies Around 1492
Sudan page slideshare
The Republic of Sudan is located in North Africa, bordered by several countries, and is the third largest country on the African continent. It has a population of over 43 million people and its capital and largest city is Khartoum. Arabic is the official language of Sudan and the country has a predominantly rural population and economy focused on agriculture, though it also has industry and has discovered oil reserves. Sudan has a long history dating back millennia and was ruled by several empires before gaining independence in 1956.
Africa
The document discusses several topics related to Africa:
1. It describes the issues of blood diamonds and blood oil, where African warlords mine diamonds and extract oil to fund weapons purchases to take more land for resources.
2. It provides an overview of Africa's diverse climate, from rainforests to deserts such as the Sahara.
3. It discusses the history of the city of Timbuktu, which was an important trading and Islamic learning center that declined after being captured in 1591.
4. It outlines the rise and fall of the Mali Empire, which became wealthy and powerful through gold and trade but began declining in the 1400s due to weak rulers and raids
Africa
The document discusses several topics related to Africa:
1. It describes the issues of blood diamonds and blood oil, where African warlords mine diamonds and extract oil to fund weapons purchases to take more land for resources.
2. It provides an overview of Africa's diverse climate, from rainforests to deserts such as the Sahara.
3. It discusses the history of the city of Timbuktu, which was an important trading and Islamic learning center that declined after being captured in 1591.
4. It outlines the rise and fall of the Mali Empire, which became wealthy and powerful through gold and trade but began declining in the 1400s due to weak rulers and raids
Africa
Africa has a diverse climate ranging from rainforests to deserts, with much of West Africa being semi-arid and parts of Northern West Africa taken up by the Sahara Desert. Timbuktu, founded in 1100 AD, was an important trading and Islamic learning center until declining when captured by Morocco in 1591. The powerful Mali Empire emerged among the declining Ghana Empire in the 1200s and became very rich through gold and trade, though began declining in the 1400s due to weak rulers and raids.
Fertile Crescent Vocabulary
The document defines key terms and geography related to the Fertile Crescent, the ancient arc of fertile land stretching from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. It describes how the Fertile Crescent, particularly Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, saw the rise of some of the world's earliest civilizations like Sumer in the 3rd millennium BC. Sumerians developed innovations like the ziggurat temple, cuneiform writing system, and city-states. Later powerful groups like the Akkadians, Babylonians, Phoenicians, Assyrians, and Chaldeans ruled parts of the Fertile Crescent and contributed achievements in law,
Othman'[1]
My hometown is located in Chad. It has a population of over 8 million people and was originally settled by Berbers in the 8th century AD. Islam arrived in the 11th century and three rival kingdoms flourished until coming under Sudanese rule in the late 1800s. The culture is influenced by the Sara people and features distinctive music styles. Some of the most famous places in Chad include the capital city of N'Djamena with its national museum, Lake Chad which was once an important trade hub, Zakouma National Park known for its wildlife, and the Tibesti Mountains home to the Toubou tribe.
Trade R outes Notes
During the Medieval Period, major trading routes developed across Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the Silk Road, maritime routes in the Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan routes. These trading networks aided the spread of technology, culture, religions, and goods between different regions. Goods like spices, textiles, and porcelain were traded, and ideas such as paper, crops, and religions diffused widely. States and empires in Africa engaged in this trade and were influenced by other civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Toronto is the largest city in Canada. It has over 2.6 million residents and is located on the northwest shore of Lake Ontario. Toronto is a very diverse, multicultural city with over 150 ethnic groups represented. The most common languages spoken are English and various Chinese dialects. The city has a strong economy focused around banking, technology, arts and culture. Popular attractions include the CN Tower, Royal Ontario Museum, Art Gallery of Ontario, and various parks. Ice hockey, soccer, baseball and basketball are the most popular sports.
African kingdoms
The document summarizes several ancient African kingdoms and civilizations. It describes how the Ghana Empire was located along important trade routes between salt mines in the Sahara and gold mines in West Africa, facilitating a lucrative gold and salt trade. It then discusses the Mali Empire under the rule of Mansa Musa, who established Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning. Next, it outlines the Songhai Empire which expanded trade further and established an organized bureaucracy. In East Africa, it summarizes the Shona kingdom centered around Great Zimbabwe and their rise through cattle herding and gold mining. It also describes the Swahili city-states along the East African coast that connected African trade with Arabia, India, and beyond.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
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This document provides an overview of Toronto, Canada. Toronto is the largest city in Canada, located on the shore of Lake Ontario. It has a population of over 5.6 million people, making it one of the most multicultural cities in the world with people of many religions and over half of residents born outside of Canada. Toronto has a strong economy focused on financial services, manufacturing, and culture industries. It has extensive transportation infrastructure including an international airport and train systems.
African Civilizations & Bantu Migration
1) African peoples developed diverse societies as they adapted to varied environments across the continent between 1500 BC to 500 AD. Some key early civilizations included Egypt, Carthage, and the kingdom of Kush.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in modern-day Ethiopia became a powerful international trading empire after adopting Christianity in the 4th century AD. It developed strong institutions and infrastructure like stone architecture and coinage.
3) Starting around 900 AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated southward across central and southern Africa, spreading their languages and skills like ironworking. Within 1500 years, they reached the southern tip of the continent, interacting and intermingling with other groups.
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The document provides background information on Ghana, including its history, geography, people, and culture. It discusses how Ghana was originally formed in the 5th century as the Kingdom of Ghana in what is now southeast Mauritania. It later came under control of the British in the late 18th century and gained independence in 1957. Today, Ghana has a population of over 22 million people from various ethnic groups and regions. Traditional Ghanaian culture includes folk tales, kente cloth, and traditional garments.
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This document provides an overview of West and Central Africa based on a World Geography textbook chapter. It covers the Sahel region, coastal countries, Nigeria, and Central Africa. Key points include: the Sahel's history of trade empires and current environmental challenges; how coastal location encouraged trade but also economic struggles since independence; Nigeria's varying regions defined by settlement patterns and effect of military rule; and how the Congo River aids Central Africa but the region also faces political turmoil like in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Chapter 2 worksheet review 2014
After the fall of Rome, Western Europe transitioned to feudalism due to invasions. Feudalism involved a hierarchy with the monarch at the top, followed by lords and knights who were given land in exchange for military service. At the bottom were peasants who worked the land. Charlemagne unified much of Europe and his rewarding of knights with land for service established the framework for feudalism. Feudalism organized defense and authority through this hierarchy during a time when centralized government and defense were lacking after Rome's fall.
Chapter 2 worksheet review
These terms indicate that peasants had to pay various taxes to their lord simply for living and working on the manor lands. This shows that peasants did not have much freedom and their lives were tightly controlled by their lord through these financial obligations. Peasants lived with heavy taxation and financial burdens.
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The documents discuss the costs and benefits of the Great Wall of China. The wall provided security from northern invaders like the Xiongnu, allowing the development of trade along the Silk Road which benefited China's economy. However, the construction and maintenance of the wall came at immense human costs. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers and peasants suffered and died from the harsh conditions and battles to build and defend the wall. Even with the wall, the Xiongnu still threatened China and tribute had to be paid. The documents debate whether the economic and security benefits of the wall outweighed the heavy loss of human life.
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The document discusses the legacy of Rome across several domains:
1) Rome established Latin as a common language and code of laws across its vast empire.
2) Engineering projects like aqueducts and roads lasting thousands of years showed Rome's impact.
3) Ideas around citizenship, law, and stoic philosophy influenced modern Western society.
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Castle defenses included a portcullis to block the entrance, murder holes above the gate to drop objects on attackers, and arrow loops that allowed defenders to fire arrows safely. Attackers used battering rams to break walls and trebuchets or catapults to launch projectiles. Additional defenses were crenels and merlons in battlements, garderobes that emptied waste outside the walls, moats filled with water, and turrets for looking out.
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King John was a weak and unpopular king of England who faced rebellion from barons seeking to limit his power. In 1215, under threat of invasion, King John was forced to agree to the Magna Carta, which established principles of lawful government and protected customary rights and liberties. However, King John attempted to get out of the agreement and a civil war broke out until John's death, allowing the Magna Carta to be reissued and further strengthened under his successor.
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Chapter 15 workbook answers
Griots were West African storytellers who preserved history and culture through oral traditions like folktales and proverbs. Music was also important in West African culture as it communicated ideas during celebrations, ceremonies, and events and was used to alleviate stress through call-and-response techniques. Masks honored ancestors and were part of celebrations, while textiles like Kente cloth told personal and community histories through their designs.
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Chapter 15 workbook answers
Griots were West African storytellers who preserved history and culture through oral traditions like folktales and proverbs. Music was also important in West African culture as it communicated ideas during celebrations, ceremonies, and events and was used to alleviate stress through call-and-response techniques. Masks honored ancestors and were part of celebrations, while textiles like Kente cloth told personal and community histories through their designs.
Chapter 15 workbook answers
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Trade R outes Notes
During the Medieval Period, major trading routes developed across Asia, Africa, and Europe, including the Silk Road, maritime routes in the Indian Ocean, and trans-Saharan routes. These trading networks aided the spread of technology, culture, religions, and goods between different regions. Goods like spices, textiles, and porcelain were traded, and ideas such as paper, crops, and religions diffused widely. States and empires in Africa engaged in this trade and were influenced by other civilizations in the Eastern Hemisphere.
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Toronto is the largest city in Canada. It has over 2.6 million residents and is located on the northwest shore of Lake Ontario. Toronto is a very diverse, multicultural city with over 150 ethnic groups represented. The most common languages spoken are English and various Chinese dialects. The city has a strong economy focused around banking, technology, arts and culture. Popular attractions include the CN Tower, Royal Ontario Museum, Art Gallery of Ontario, and various parks. Ice hockey, soccer, baseball and basketball are the most popular sports.
African kingdoms
The document summarizes several ancient African kingdoms and civilizations. It describes how the Ghana Empire was located along important trade routes between salt mines in the Sahara and gold mines in West Africa, facilitating a lucrative gold and salt trade. It then discusses the Mali Empire under the rule of Mansa Musa, who established Timbuktu as a center of Islamic learning. Next, it outlines the Songhai Empire which expanded trade further and established an organized bureaucracy. In East Africa, it summarizes the Shona kingdom centered around Great Zimbabwe and their rise through cattle herding and gold mining. It also describes the Swahili city-states along the East African coast that connected African trade with Arabia, India, and beyond.
Africa Notes
1) Several major empires rose and fell in pre-colonial Africa, including Ghana, Mali, and Songhai in West Africa known for trans-Saharan trade of gold and salt.
2) In East Africa, the Aksum and Zimbabwe empires grew wealthy through trade of ivory and gold along Indian Ocean trade routes.
3) Trade brought economic growth as well as spread of Islam and Christianity throughout Africa, with Timbuktu becoming a center of learning under Mali rule.
Toronto, Canada.
This document provides an overview of Toronto, Canada. Toronto is the largest city in Canada, located on the shore of Lake Ontario. It has a population of over 5.6 million people, making it one of the most multicultural cities in the world with people of many religions and over half of residents born outside of Canada. Toronto has a strong economy focused on financial services, manufacturing, and culture industries. It has extensive transportation infrastructure including an international airport and train systems.
African Civilizations & Bantu Migration
1) African peoples developed diverse societies as they adapted to varied environments across the continent between 1500 BC to 500 AD. Some key early civilizations included Egypt, Carthage, and the kingdom of Kush.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in modern-day Ethiopia became a powerful international trading empire after adopting Christianity in the 4th century AD. It developed strong institutions and infrastructure like stone architecture and coinage.
3) Starting around 900 AD, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated southward across central and southern Africa, spreading their languages and skills like ironworking. Within 1500 years, they reached the southern tip of the continent, interacting and intermingling with other groups.
Republic Of Ghana
The document provides background information on Ghana, including its history, geography, people, and culture. It discusses how Ghana was originally formed in the 5th century as the Kingdom of Ghana in what is now southeast Mauritania. It later came under control of the British in the late 18th century and gained independence in 1957. Today, Ghana has a population of over 22 million people from various ethnic groups and regions. Traditional Ghanaian culture includes folk tales, kente cloth, and traditional garments.
Chapter 26
This document provides an overview of West and Central Africa based on a World Geography textbook chapter. It covers the Sahel region, coastal countries, Nigeria, and Central Africa. Key points include: the Sahel's history of trade empires and current environmental challenges; how coastal location encouraged trade but also economic struggles since independence; Nigeria's varying regions defined by settlement patterns and effect of military rule; and how the Congo River aids Central Africa but the region also faces political turmoil like in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Chapter 2 worksheet review 2014
After the fall of Rome, Western Europe transitioned to feudalism due to invasions. Feudalism involved a hierarchy with the monarch at the top, followed by lords and knights who were given land in exchange for military service. At the bottom were peasants who worked the land. Charlemagne unified much of Europe and his rewarding of knights with land for service established the framework for feudalism. Feudalism organized defense and authority through this hierarchy during a time when centralized government and defense were lacking after Rome's fall.
Chapter 2 worksheet review
These terms indicate that peasants had to pay various taxes to their lord simply for living and working on the manor lands. This shows that peasants did not have much freedom and their lives were tightly controlled by their lord through these financial obligations. Peasants lived with heavy taxation and financial burdens.
The great wall of china mini dbq
The documents discuss the costs and benefits of the Great Wall of China. The wall provided security from northern invaders like the Xiongnu, allowing the development of trade along the Silk Road which benefited China's economy. However, the construction and maintenance of the wall came at immense human costs. Hundreds of thousands of soldiers and peasants suffered and died from the harsh conditions and battles to build and defend the wall. Even with the wall, the Xiongnu still threatened China and tribute had to be paid. The documents debate whether the economic and security benefits of the wall outweighed the heavy loss of human life.
Lesson 1 review of worksheet pp
The document discusses the legacy of Rome across several domains:
1) Rome established Latin as a common language and code of laws across its vast empire.
2) Engineering projects like aqueducts and roads lasting thousands of years showed Rome's impact.
3) Ideas around citizenship, law, and stoic philosophy influenced modern Western society.
Castle powerpoint 1
Castle defenses included a portcullis to block the entrance, murder holes above the gate to drop objects on attackers, and arrow loops that allowed defenders to fire arrows safely. Attackers used battering rams to break walls and trebuchets or catapults to launch projectiles. Additional defenses were crenels and merlons in battlements, garderobes that emptied waste outside the walls, moats filled with water, and turrets for looking out.
Magna carta lecture
King John was a weak and unpopular king of England who faced rebellion from barons seeking to limit his power. In 1215, under threat of invasion, King John was forced to agree to the Magna Carta, which established principles of lawful government and protected customary rights and liberties. However, King John attempted to get out of the agreement and a civil war broke out until John's death, allowing the Magna Carta to be reissued and further strengthened under his successor.
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This document provides a study guide review covering vocabulary terms related to architecture and art in ancient Rome, reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire including social, political, economic, and size-related factors, geography challenges faced in Rome, general questions about Roman history and culture, and opinion questions related to famous Roman sayings and the impacts of engineering and architecture. Key vocabulary includes terms like mural, mosaic, scribe, vault, and aqueduct. Major reasons for Rome's fall include growing corruption, economic troubles, and an inability to effectively manage the large empire. The review covers geography, influential groups on Roman art, early Roman rulers, and influences of Latin on the English language.
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This document contains a study guide reviewing chapters 10-18 and geography questions. It provides questions and short answers about the Crusades, West Africa's kingdoms and trade routes, the spread of Islam, dynasties in China, important explorations and technological advances, and the basic geography of regions discussed. Key events, people, and concepts are tested including the reasons for the Crusades, Ghana's control of trade, advances in iron tools and food production in West Africa, the spread of Islam in Africa, China's civil service system, and maritime technologies.
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The document summarizes key events that led to the decline of feudalism in Europe, including the Magna Carta limiting the king's power, the bubonic plague killing millions, and the Hundred Years' War shifting power from lords to monarchs. Political developments in England like Henry II's legal reforms established trial by jury rather than feudal courts. The plague devastated Europe's population and economy, leaving fewer serfs bound to manor lords. Paying commoners to fight as professional armies made monarchs independent of feudal levies.
Chapter 15 workbook answers
Griots were West African storytellers who preserved history and culture through oral traditions like folktales and proverbs. Music was also important in West African culture as it communicated ideas during celebrations, ceremonies, and events and was used to alleviate stress through call-and-response techniques. Masks honored ancestors and were part of celebrations, while textiles like Kente cloth told personal and community histories through their designs.
Chapter 1 study guide review
This document is a study guide review for Chapter 1 that covers vocabulary, reasons for the fall of Rome, picture analysis questions, and general/opinion questions. The vocabulary section defines 10 terms related to the fall of Rome like empire, decline, aqueduct, and Constantine. The reasons for Rome's fall section lists social, political, economic, and size-related reasons. It discusses issues like corruption, heavy taxes, and a large difficult to defend empire. The picture analysis and general/opinion questions provide topics for further analysis and discussion about the Roman Empire.
Chapter 15 workbook answers
Griots were West African storytellers who preserved history and culture through oral traditions like folktales and proverbs. Music was also important in West African culture as it communicated ideas during celebrations, ceremonies, and events and was used to alleviate stress through call-and-response techniques. Masks honored ancestors and were part of celebrations, while textiles like Kente cloth told personal and community histories through their designs.
Chapter 15 workbook answers
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Similar to Chapter 12 workhseet notes
Chapter 12 notes
Early societies in West Africa formed around family-based communities that joined together to form villages for protection, mining, or controlling floods. Villages located along trade routes or rivers grew into cities by taxing traders, with the city of Jenne-jeno becoming large due to its ideal location. Some trading cities developed into kingdoms after rulers taxed goods and built armies, conquering nearby areas to expand while providing security for trade routes but also imposing tribute and conscription.
Chapter 12 - Early Societies in West Africa
The document summarizes early societies in West Africa. It describes the geography of West Africa, including the Sahara Desert to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south, and mountains to the east. Savanna grasslands and forests existed further south, providing good farmland and resources for trade. Early farming communities consisted of extended families who traded surplus goods. Larger villages and towns developed, fueled by the growth of ironworking and trade networks. Major West African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai arose between 500-1600 CE, conquering territories and collecting tribute, while also providing protection and order.
West africa (before 16th century)
West Africa had complex societies before the 16th century that are often overlooked. The region includes countries like Nigeria, Ghana, and Senegal. People lived in family groups and clans, and some settled villages and towns along trade routes. Larger towns and cities specialized in crafts and trade. Gold and salt were the most important traded goods, along with crops, livestock, and other materials. Between the 16th-19th centuries, the slave trade disrupted societies as millions of Africans were taken abroad.
Ch 7 early african
The document summarizes early African civilizations from 2000 BC to 1500 AD. It discusses the impact of Africa's diverse geography on civilization development. It describes how civilizations like Kush, Axum, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai emerged as powerful states due to factors like trade, leadership, and control of resources. It also outlines the migration of Bantu peoples, rise of coastal city-states, and establishment of states like Great Zimbabwe in southern Africa. The document concludes by examining aspects of traditional African society, religion, and rich cultural traditions.
1.5 events in w africa
1. West Africa's isolation from global trade routes ended in the 700s CE with the rise of trans-Saharan trade between West Africa and the Islamic world. Arab traders established routes across the Sahara Desert, exchanging salt and finished goods from North Africa for gold, ivory, and slaves from West African kingdoms.
2. The spread of Islam and cultural diffusion that accompanied trans-Saharan trade led to the rise of powerful empires in West Africa like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai along the Niger River. These kingdoms adopted many cultural and political aspects of Islamic civilization, including literacy, architecture, and forms of governance.
3. At its peak between 1250-1460,
Mckaych10 africanempires
This document provides an overview of African societies and kingdoms from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE. It discusses Africa's geographical diversity and how this shaped different cultures. The Bantu migration spread Bantu languages across eastern and southern Africa. Trans-Saharan trade introduced Islam to West Africa and stimulated urban growth. Major kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and the Christian kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia developed. Aksum engaged in trade on the Red Sea and was the first African society to document its history in writing. The document examines the complex relationships between Christian and Muslim populations in Africa.
West African Civilizations [PDF]
The kings of Ghana became wealthy by taxing salt and controlling the price of gold. They taxed salt heavily as it was traded across the Sahara Desert. They also kept the location of gold mines secret to keep gold prices high and only allowed people to own gold dust, not large nuggets. Ghana's empire declined after losing a war to the Almoravids, which weakened the kingdom and led to internal rebellions. The Mali Empire then rose to power under Sundiata and grew greatly wealthy under Mansa Musa as he expanded the empire and promoted Islam. However, Mali later declined and the Songhai Empire formed, becoming powerful under Sunni Ali before Askia Muhammad rose to lead a successful
Chapter 21 blog notes
1) West Africa has a variety of climates and landforms including plains, highlands, and plateaus. The Niger River provides an important transportation route and supports agriculture.
2) The region has a long history including great kingdoms like Ghana and Mali, but was devastated by the slave trade. It was later colonized by European powers and most countries gained independence in the 1950s-60s.
3) Today, West African countries face challenges of poverty, population growth, and political instability despite having natural resources. Nigeria has the largest economy while countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, and Chad struggle with poverty, drought, and lack of farmland.
Mckaych10africanempires 141031172433-conversion-gate01
This document provides an overview of African societies and kingdoms from 1000 BCE to 1500 CE. It describes how geography shaped diverse cultures across Africa and discusses the Bantu migrations. Major topics covered include the trans-Saharan trade's influence on West Africa, the significant kingdoms of Ghana and Mali, the Christian kingdom of Axum in Ethiopia, East African city-states like Kilwa, and the ancient city of Great Zimbabwe in Southern Africa. The document aims to provide context on the rise of powerful states and empires across the African continent during this time period.
Ancient indian commerce
Dr, Ambedkar has written very good thesis on Ancient Indian Commerce.
Bharat had very well developed Agriculture, manufacturing, trade and services since ancient time.
Chapter 21 blog notes
The document provides an overview of the physical geography, history, culture, and current state of West Africa. It describes the key landforms and climates of the plains and highlands. It discusses important kingdoms that arose in the region as well as the transatlantic slave trade that devastated communities. Today, West African countries face challenges of poverty, population growth, and political instability as they develop their economies through agriculture, resources, and tourism. Nigeria stands out as the most populous country with a growing economy based on oil exports.
Afch02
The document is a chapter from a textbook about Africa's history. It is divided into 5 sections: Africa's First People, Kingdoms and Empires, The Conquest of Africa, Independence and Its Challenges, and Issues for Africa Today. The sections describe how early humans in Africa transitioned from hunter-gatherers to farmers and builders of civilizations along the Nile River. They also discuss the rise of powerful West and East African kingdoms and empires centered around trade, and how European colonization eventually led to control over most of Africa by the early 20th century.
Historical issues from African perspective.pptx
how Africans engaged economically before Europeans came to Africa.
Early african civilizations 2003
1) The document discusses the geography, early peoples, and major empires of West Africa from ancient times through 1500 CE.
2) Key empires like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai rose to power by controlling valuable trade routes and taxing merchants. They grew wealthy and powerful but eventually declined due to invaders, overgrazing, or changes in trade.
3) West African culture and history has been preserved through oral storytelling traditions, writings by foreign visitors, and artistic forms like music, dance, and art that have continued cultural traditions.
African Civilizations (8:1-3)
1) African societies developed in diverse ways depending on their environments, with some taking nomadic lifestyles while others transitioned to settled agriculture.
2) The kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia became a powerful trading nation by controlling trade routes between Africa, India, and Europe. It adopted Christianity in the 4th century AD.
3) Starting around 1000 BC, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated southward from their homeland, spreading their languages and skills across much of sub-Saharan Africa over the next 1500 years. Their migrations were driven partly by population growth, environmental changes, and conflicts between tribes.
Early colonies u.s. history project
The Southern colonies had an ideal climate for agriculture due to its long growing seasons and fertile soil from tidal minerals. The main cash crops grown were cotton, tobacco, sugar, and rice, with cotton being the most profitable. Plantations concentrated on exporting these and other crops using the many waterways for transportation. Plantations functioned like self-sufficient villages with fields, housing, and other facilities. They relied heavily on enslaved African laborers to work the fields. In contrast, the Northern colonies had poorer soil and shorter growing seasons, so focused more on industries like shipbuilding, fishing, and trading through their harbor locations.
Economic Conditions During 6th Century BCE
This presentation is prepared for the BA students, to get the basic ideas and informations regarding the topic.
Early colonies u.s. history project
The early colonies concentrated on different economic activities depending on their location and climate. The southern colonies focused on agriculture and the plantation system, growing cash crops like tobacco, cotton, and rice using slave labor. The climate allowed for long growing seasons. The northern colonies had poorer soil and shorter growing seasons, so they relied more on industries like shipbuilding, fishing, and lumber using water power from rivers and harbors. They also engaged in trans-Atlantic trade, which sometimes included the triangular trade of goods between North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. The early colonies were initially located along the eastern coast, with the Appalachian Mountains forming a barrier to western expansion.
Strayer chapter 7 ppt.
The document discusses trade routes between 500-1500 CE. It focuses on the Silk Roads between China and Europe, the Indian Ocean sea routes, and trans-Saharan land routes. Along these routes, goods like silk and spices were traded, religions spread, and diseases transmitted. Merchants accumulated wealth and cities like Srivijaya rose to prominence by controlling strategic choke points. West Africa developed larger states and cities due to trans-Saharan trade and the influence of Islam. Networks of interaction differed in the Americas, being oriented north-south and within civilizations rather than between them like in Eurasia.
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Mckaych10africanempires 141031172433-conversion-gate01
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Chapter 12 workhseet notes
- 1. Early Societies in West Africa
- 3. Sahara Desert 3,500,000 square miles Sand dunes cover 1/4 of of the Sahara Very dry Has some scattered oases has bare, rocky plains as well as mountains.
- 4. Sahel short grasses, small trees, small brush grows in the sahel. south of the Sahara Known as the semidesert Not as dry as the Sahara
- 5. Savanna Tall grasses, trees and grains grow in the savanna Sahel merges into the Savanna. Has a long rainy season Niger River help make land fertile and also provide fish for eating.
- 6. Forest Trees, shrubs, oil palms, yams, kola trees, mahogany, teak trees grow in the West African forests. Wetter than the savanna Northern part: is the woodland forest. Southern part: is the rainforest (rains year round)
- 7. 2. Trade: Why was trade so important to West African communities? • 2. Different resources are found in the different areas. People had to trade in order to get the resources that they did not have in their region.
- 9. 1. What is an extended family? How many members would be part of an extended family? • An extended family includes close relatives such as grandparents as well as aunts, uncles and their children. • An extended family may have about 15- 20 members.
- 10. 2. List three things that an extended family may do together. • Extended families formed villages to control flooding • mine for iron or gold • or for protection.
- 11. 3. Who made decisions in a family-based community? • One of the male elders probably made decisions for the community.
- 12. 12.4 Development of Towns & Cities
- 13. 1. What were the two reasons why African villages eventually grew into Towns and Cities? • Growth of ironworking. • Expansion of trade
- 14. 2. How did the introduction/discovery of iron influence the transformation from villages into towns and cities? • Farmers could clear land and grow more crops. • This gave an abundance of food available to people and gave people a chance to make other things. • They could trade their supplies for goods they could not produce themselves and this created trading sites. These sites grew richer and became towns & cities due to a higher population of people settling there.
- 15. 2. How did the location along trade routes affect development of cities? • Villages located along rivers or other trade routes became trading sites. By taxing traders, villages became wealthy. Wealth led to an increase in population, and villages often grew into towns and cities.
- 16. 3. Why were archaeologists fascinated with the city of Jenne-jeno? • Jenne-jeno was located at the intersection of the Niger and Bani Rivers. This ideal location for farming, fishing, and trade allowed it to become a large city. • Historians did not think that cities did not exist in West Africa until they discovered Jenne-jeno.
- 17. 4. Why were blacksmiths at a higher status level than others in the city of Jenne-jeno? • People were amazed that blacksmiths could make iron useful and iron was more valuable to them than gold. • People thought that blacksmiths had supernatural powers. • Blacksmiths were similar to political leaders, judges, doctors, and other important positions.
- 18. 12.5 The Rise of Kingdoms & Empires
- 19. 1. According to History Alive, trading cities developed into kingdoms/empires because of taxes collected from trading goods. Why would money be a factor in creating a larger kingdom/empire? • With the increase of money, these areas could afford to have larger armies, which would in turn allow them to conquer other trading cities/towns.
- 20. 2. Explain how a tribute worked and why was it an important gesture to a new king? • After a place was conquered, a tribute was paid to the new “owner” of the land. • This tribute was a way to show the new “owner” that you will obey his rules. • Tributes helped pay for more protection that was needed from outside attackers.
- 21. 3. Disadvantages of being a part of a kingdom? • People living in conquered areas had to pay tribute • men had to serve in the army.
- 22. 3. Advantages of being a part of a kingdom? • Armies made sure trade routes were safe. • They kept out foreign armies and raiders. • Wars between small cities ended. • Kings passed out the luxury goods fairly throughout the kingdom.