Chapter 4 discusses the formation and governance of the New England colonies, primarily Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, highlighting the influence of Puritans and key figures like John Winthrop and Thomas Hooker. It details the tensions between religious authority and individual rights, leading to the establishment of Rhode Island by Roger Williams advocating for religious tolerance. The chapter also touches on conflicts with Native Americans and the socio-economic aspects of Puritan life, including community governance and key industries.

1. Chapter 4 The Thirteen English Colonies

2. The New England Colonies: Massachusetts (Includes present-day Maine) Connecticut Rhode Island New Hampshire

3. Massachusetts The 1 st group to go to MA was a religious group called the Puritans .

4. They had become powerful in England. King Charles I (1625) persecuted them.

5. wanted to reform the church Simple worship: (no instrumental music, fancy churches, or special priest clothing)

6. Beginnings of Massachusetts Puritan leaders received a charter in 1629. They wanted to form a new society.

7. People other than Puritans went with them. Some were youngest sons, or those wanting economic gain.

8. Governing Massachusetts John Winthrop was Governor. He worked physically, as well as politically.

9. Only stockholders of the MA Bay Colony could vote. This caused discontent, since most were not stockholders.

10. Church members did not want non-Puritans in power.

11. They decided to let male church members vote for Governor and General Court.

12. Like it or Leave It Thomas Hooker led 106 settlers out of MA. He founded Hartford, Connecticut, to get away from officials with too much power.

13. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Allowed all male landowners to vote Limited governor’s power, thus expanding the idea of representative gov’t.

14. Roger Williams and Rhode Island He thought the Puritan Church had too much power. He wanted separation of church and state.

15. He advocated religious tolerance, which Puritans did not have.

16. Ordered to Leave He did not want to go to England, so he fled. Native Americans sold him land to establish RI. He allowed Jews, Protestants, and Catholics to worship freely.

17. Anne Hutchinson She fled to RI after she was ordered to leave the Puritan MA colony. Women were not allowed to explain Bible teaching, plus she told the court that God spoke to her directly.

18. New Hampshire Formed The King made new coastal settlements north of Boston into New Hampshire.

19. Trouble with Natives Colonists were encroaching on Natives’ territory.

20. Metacom (King Phillip), Chief of the Wampanoag Indians, led assaults on more than 600 settlers. He was killed. His family & 1000 Indians became slaves.

21. Puritan Life in New England Sundays were reserved for worship only. Many community issues were democratically decided at town meetings.

22. About 15 crimes, including witchcraft, carried the death penalty. The Salem witch trials of 1692 executed 20 “witches.”

23. New England Economy Crops- Corn squash, pumpkins Lumber Hunting Shipbuilding Whaling, fishing