The document describes the history and development of the English colonies in North America between 1630-1750. It discusses the founding and growth of the New England colonies by the Puritans in Massachusetts and Connecticut, as well as the colonies of Rhode Island and New York. It also describes the middle colonies of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, founded for reasons of religion and trade. The different colonial regions developed distinct economies and societies shaped by their environments and the ethnic groups that settled there.
The Restoration Colonies document discusses the history of several colonies established between New York and Georgia during the 17th and early 18th centuries. It describes how New Netherlands was founded by the Dutch West India Company and later became the British colony of New York. It also summarizes the founding and development of the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania under William Penn, and the establishment of other colonies in the region, including New Jersey, Delaware, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
The document provides an overview of the history and characteristics of the Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware from the 1600s-1700s. It describes how New York began as the Dutch colony of New Netherlands, focused on fur trading. It then came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1681 as a haven for Quakers and offered religious freedom and prosperity. The colonies of New Jersey, Delaware, and the Carolinas also experienced growth during this period, with the Carolinas relying heavily on the slave trade and cultivation of cash crops like rice and indigo.
The document summarizes the history of English Puritans settling in New England in the 17th century. Puritans established settlements to escape religious persecution in England. They viewed the land and native peoples of New England as something to be conquered and converted to Christianity through hard work. This led to conflict, as in the Pequot War of 1636, where colonists and their allies massacred a native village. The Puritan victory established colonial dominance over the declining native population in New England.
- The Dutch colony of New Netherlands was established in the Hudson River valley in the 1600s and was run autocratically by the Dutch West India Company for profit, with little religious freedom or democracy. It was renamed New York after being captured by the English in 1664.
- William Penn received a land grant from the King of England in 1681 to establish the colony of Pennsylvania as a place for Quakers to settle, with policies of religious tolerance, representative government, and free or cheap land. It became a haven for many immigrant groups.
- The Carolinas were initially settled by English colonists from the West Indies in the late 1600s. The economy relied heavily on the slave labor of Africans to grow
This document provides a summary of early American literature from 1512 to 1734, including important events, publications, and developments. Some key points include: the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs in Mexico from 1519-1521; publications like Bartolome de las Casas advocating for Native American rights in the 1550s and Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca's account of being shipwrecked in Florida in the 1540s; the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and Quebec in 1608; publications from settlers in the early colonies like John Smith and Thomas Harriot in the 1600s; the Salem Witch Trials of 1692; and Benjamin Franklin founding the Junto Club and
The document provides details on each of the original 13 colonies in British America, including the date each was founded, who founded it, the key industries and crops, and the date it became a US state. The colonies are grouped into the New England colonies (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire), the Middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and the Southern colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). It notes the founding dates ranged from 1607 (Virginia) to 1732 (Georgia).
The document summarizes the original 13 colonies of British America, including the dates of settlement, founding purposes, and governance structures. It describes that Virginia was founded in 1607 as the first successful English colony, while Massachusetts, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Maryland were founded as places for religious freedom. The other colonies - New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Georgia - were established throughout the 17th century for various economic and political purposes. Most eventually became royal colonies ruled directly by the British crown.
The document discusses the European settlement of North America, explaining that the British North American colonies developed into distinct societies and economies based on the regions of the Chesapeake and Lower South, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic. It provides details on the founding and development of the Virginia, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Carolina, Pennsylvania, and New York colonies, focusing on their religious motivations, political and economic systems, and the rise of slavery.
The Restoration Colonies document discusses the history of several colonies established between New York and Georgia during the 17th and early 18th centuries. It describes how New Netherlands was founded by the Dutch West India Company and later became the British colony of New York. It also summarizes the founding and development of the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania under William Penn, and the establishment of other colonies in the region, including New Jersey, Delaware, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
The document provides an overview of the history and characteristics of the Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware from the 1600s-1700s. It describes how New York began as the Dutch colony of New Netherlands, focused on fur trading. It then came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn in 1681 as a haven for Quakers and offered religious freedom and prosperity. The colonies of New Jersey, Delaware, and the Carolinas also experienced growth during this period, with the Carolinas relying heavily on the slave trade and cultivation of cash crops like rice and indigo.
The document summarizes the history of English Puritans settling in New England in the 17th century. Puritans established settlements to escape religious persecution in England. They viewed the land and native peoples of New England as something to be conquered and converted to Christianity through hard work. This led to conflict, as in the Pequot War of 1636, where colonists and their allies massacred a native village. The Puritan victory established colonial dominance over the declining native population in New England.
- The Dutch colony of New Netherlands was established in the Hudson River valley in the 1600s and was run autocratically by the Dutch West India Company for profit, with little religious freedom or democracy. It was renamed New York after being captured by the English in 1664.
- William Penn received a land grant from the King of England in 1681 to establish the colony of Pennsylvania as a place for Quakers to settle, with policies of religious tolerance, representative government, and free or cheap land. It became a haven for many immigrant groups.
- The Carolinas were initially settled by English colonists from the West Indies in the late 1600s. The economy relied heavily on the slave labor of Africans to grow
This document provides a summary of early American literature from 1512 to 1734, including important events, publications, and developments. Some key points include: the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs in Mexico from 1519-1521; publications like Bartolome de las Casas advocating for Native American rights in the 1550s and Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca's account of being shipwrecked in Florida in the 1540s; the founding of Jamestown in 1607 and Quebec in 1608; publications from settlers in the early colonies like John Smith and Thomas Harriot in the 1600s; the Salem Witch Trials of 1692; and Benjamin Franklin founding the Junto Club and
The document provides details on each of the original 13 colonies in British America, including the date each was founded, who founded it, the key industries and crops, and the date it became a US state. The colonies are grouped into the New England colonies (Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire), the Middle colonies (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware), and the Southern colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). It notes the founding dates ranged from 1607 (Virginia) to 1732 (Georgia).
The document summarizes the original 13 colonies of British America, including the dates of settlement, founding purposes, and governance structures. It describes that Virginia was founded in 1607 as the first successful English colony, while Massachusetts, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Maryland were founded as places for religious freedom. The other colonies - New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Georgia - were established throughout the 17th century for various economic and political purposes. Most eventually became royal colonies ruled directly by the British crown.
The document discusses the European settlement of North America, explaining that the British North American colonies developed into distinct societies and economies based on the regions of the Chesapeake and Lower South, New England, and the Mid-Atlantic. It provides details on the founding and development of the Virginia, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Carolina, Pennsylvania, and New York colonies, focusing on their religious motivations, political and economic systems, and the rise of slavery.
The document summarizes relations between English colonists and Native Americans in North America. It describes several conflicts that arose as colonists expanded their settlements, including the Pequot War of 1637 and King Philip's War of 1675. Both sides suffered major losses in King Philip's War, which devastated colonial settlements and Native villages alike. It also discusses how differing views of land ownership between colonists and natives led to tensions, as colonists increasingly encroached on Native lands and displaced them.
The document discusses the 13 original English colonies in North America, describing their regional differences and some notable figures. It covers:
- The New England, Middle, and Southern colonies and their climates/economies. New England had thin soil but fishing/whaling. The Middle colonies grew wheat. The South had long growing seasons for tobacco and rice.
- Religious dissidents Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson who founded Rhode Island on principles of religious freedom. Thomas Hooker who founded Connecticut seeking similar freedom.
- William Penn who founded Pennsylvania as a "holy experiment" where people of different religions could live in peace and promised Native Americans fair treatment.
- Lord Baltimore who founded Maryland as a refuge for
The document summarizes life in the three main regions of colonial America: New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It describes the reasons for settlement, including religious freedom, economic opportunities, and land ownership. The New England colonies attracted those seeking religious freedom and consisted of small family farms and fishing. The Middle colonies had a mix of religious and economic motivations and included farming, factories, and trade. The Southern colonies were founded primarily for economic reasons, centered around large plantations that relied on slave labor to grow cash crops like tobacco.
- The North Carolina colony was originally claimed by Sir Walter Raleigh and granted to eight men through a charter in 1663, which gave them control over the Carolina territory.
- Early governance was controlled by Lords Proprietors who established a government system with a governor, council, and elected assembly, though colonists could only elect assembly members and governors were often harsh.
- Dissatisfaction with taxes led to rebellions like the Culpeper Rebellion in 1677 and the Cary Rebellion in the early 1700s over religious freedom, which divided colonists and led the colony to split into North and South Carolina in 1712.
The document summarizes the English colonization of North America, focusing on Virginia, New England, and Carolina. It describes the founding and early struggles of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607. It then discusses the Puritan pilgrims who founded Plymouth in 1620 and larger Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s. The document also outlines the establishment of Carolina in the 1670s, the division into North and South Carolina, and the development of the plantation system focused on rice and indigo production by the 1760s.
1) During the 18th century, the British and French fought for control of North America and influence over Native American tribes.
2) As the French military presence declined after 1763, British traders abused Native Americans and encroached on their lands, leading to conflicts like the Cherokee War of 1761.
3) Meanwhile, Spain sought to maintain its claims in the Pacific Northwest against growing Russian and British exploration of the region in the late 1700s.
The document provides an overview of the early colonization of North America by European powers between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes:
- France's establishment of New France in Quebec and claims along the Mississippi River under Samuel de Champlain and Sieur de La Salle.
- England's founding of Jamestown in 1607 after receiving a charter from King James I, and the early hardships and eventual success of the colony through the cultivation of tobacco.
- The Puritans' founding of Plymouth colony in 1620 and Massachusetts Bay colony in 1630 in search of religious freedom, which inspired the "Great Migration" of over 20,000 English settlers to New England.
The document summarizes the development of the three colonial regions in America - New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. It describes how each region's economy, society, and system of labor developed based on its natural resources and environment. In New England, small family farms, fishing, lumber, and trade were important. The Middle Colonies had fertile soil and grew grain as a cash crop. The Southern Colonies relied on large plantations that grew cash crops like tobacco and rice, and eventually came to depend heavily on slave labor as the plantation economy expanded.
The document summarizes the 13 original colonies of British America. It lists the colonies and groups them into regional categories of New England, Middle, and Southern. For each colony it provides brief details on the founding date and people, the origin of its name, its status as a charter or proprietary colony, and some of the early economic activities and settlers.
The document summarizes the development of colonial societies in the Chesapeake Bay region and Carolina from the 17th to early 18th centuries. It describes how the colonies relied heavily on indentured servants and later African slaves for labor. It also discusses the relationships and conflicts between colonists and native tribes over land and trade. The economies transitioned from tobacco to rice cultivation, and slavery became entrenched.
The document provides information about each of the original 13 colonies that became the first 13 states, listing them in chronological order of when they ratified the U.S. Constitution. For each colony/state, it provides 1-3 facts about the date it became a state, its founding date, major cities, industries, and other relevant historical information. The colonies/states covered are Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.
The document provides information about the three main colonial regions in British North America: New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies. It describes that the New England Colonies were settled primarily by religious dissenting Puritans fleeing persecution in England. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies based around agriculture and industry. The Southern Colonies were focused on plantation agriculture using indentured servants and later slaves, with a society divided between large plantation owners and small farmers.
South Carolina was founded in 1663 by King Charles II of England who granted the land to eight proprietors to repay his debts. The state flower is the yellow jasmine and the state bird is the Carolina Wren. Some key facts about the colony include that the main crops were rice, tobacco and pine tar, the colony revolted in 1740 but was soon put down, and the colony was originally an English province established in Charleston in 1670 with Protestantism as the dominant religion.
This document provides a summary of the 13 original colonies of British America in 3 sentences or less per section:
- It divides the colonies into 3 geographic regions: New England (4 colonies), Middle (4 colonies), and Southern (5 colonies) and summarizes the economy, climate, resources, and population of each region.
- It then provides 1-2 paragraphs on each individual colony, summarizing their founding date and people, economy, resources, and religion.
- Additional sections summarize the economies, climates, resources, populations, and religions of the colonies overall.
The document provides information about life in the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It describes their economies, which focused on farming, fishing, and cash crops like tobacco. Religion played a central role, with the Puritans in New England leading strict lives centered around church. Education emphasized reading the Bible. People ate locally grown and hunted food and wore simple homemade clothes. The colonies practiced self-government through assemblies and traded goods with Native Americans and each other.
1) The document discusses the development of European colonies in North America and the Caribbean during the 17th century, including the founding and growth of the French, Dutch, and English colonies.
2) It addresses topics like the fur trade that drove French colonization, the establishment of plantations and slave societies in the Caribbean and southern colonies, and the founding of New England for religious reasons.
3) The various colonies developed different economic bases, including tobacco in Virginia, sugar in the Caribbean, and a diversity of crops in New England, with most establishing relations with local indigenous groups.
The Middle Colonies consisted of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. They had diverse geography, including coastal plains, forests, and rivers providing water power and trade routes. The colonies had good relationships and laws protecting equal rights for native and colonial populations. Colonists and natives exchanged skills and languages. Governance was at the local level through boards and assemblies. Colonist life involved wooden family homes, recreation, and Protestant-focused schooling and religion.
The Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware offered more diversity than New England. They attracted immigrants from many places in Europe in addition to England, including Germany, Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands. Economically, the Middle Colonies grew cash crops like grains that could be easily traded, earning them the name "Breadbasket colonies." New York started as the Dutch colony of New Netherland but was taken over by the English in 1664. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a colony with an emphasis on religious freedom and equality.
- The document discusses the 13 original British colonies in North America, divided into 3 regions: New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.
- The New England colonies were settled mainly by Puritans and Pilgrims seeking religious freedom. They focused on subsistence farming, fishing, and lumber industries. The Middle colonies had fertile land and became the "breadbasket" of the colonies. The Southern colonies depended on plantation agriculture and the growing of cash crops like tobacco and rice.
- Key figures discussed include William Penn, who founded Pennsylvania as a place for Quakers to freely practice their religion, and James Oglethorpe, who founded Georgia to protect the other Southern colonies from Spanish and French threats.
The document provides information on the 13 original colonies in British North America, including their founding dates, industries, cities, and dates of statehood. It discusses the regional differences between the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies in terms of climate, economy, reasons for founding, and examples of individual colonies like Massachusetts, Virginia, and Georgia. Key ideas that emerged in the colonies like self-government and democracy are also outlined, as well as influential Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Although the North American colonies were established with different economies, political systems, and religious values, they would be united by a common language and allegiance to England. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther and further developed by John Calvin profoundly shaped early American religious thought. Religious dissenters like the Puritans and Pilgrims fled persecution in England and established colonies in New England, bringing their Calvinist religious ideals with them. The growth and spread of the New England colonies inevitably led to conflicts with Native American tribes like the Pequot and Wampanoag as English settlers expanded further inland.
The document provides background on the colonial governance of British North America between 1585-1688. It discusses:
1) The royal framework for colonial governance, which included governors appointed by the King, councils that assisted governors, and elected assemblies.
2) Differences in how colonies selected governors and councils, between royal, proprietary, and corporate colonies.
3) Areas of disagreement that emerged between colonists and Britain around the rights of provincial assemblies, similar to tensions over the rights of the British House of Commons.
The document summarizes relations between English colonists and Native Americans in North America. It describes several conflicts that arose as colonists expanded their settlements, including the Pequot War of 1637 and King Philip's War of 1675. Both sides suffered major losses in King Philip's War, which devastated colonial settlements and Native villages alike. It also discusses how differing views of land ownership between colonists and natives led to tensions, as colonists increasingly encroached on Native lands and displaced them.
The document discusses the 13 original English colonies in North America, describing their regional differences and some notable figures. It covers:
- The New England, Middle, and Southern colonies and their climates/economies. New England had thin soil but fishing/whaling. The Middle colonies grew wheat. The South had long growing seasons for tobacco and rice.
- Religious dissidents Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson who founded Rhode Island on principles of religious freedom. Thomas Hooker who founded Connecticut seeking similar freedom.
- William Penn who founded Pennsylvania as a "holy experiment" where people of different religions could live in peace and promised Native Americans fair treatment.
- Lord Baltimore who founded Maryland as a refuge for
The document summarizes life in the three main regions of colonial America: New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It describes the reasons for settlement, including religious freedom, economic opportunities, and land ownership. The New England colonies attracted those seeking religious freedom and consisted of small family farms and fishing. The Middle colonies had a mix of religious and economic motivations and included farming, factories, and trade. The Southern colonies were founded primarily for economic reasons, centered around large plantations that relied on slave labor to grow cash crops like tobacco.
- The North Carolina colony was originally claimed by Sir Walter Raleigh and granted to eight men through a charter in 1663, which gave them control over the Carolina territory.
- Early governance was controlled by Lords Proprietors who established a government system with a governor, council, and elected assembly, though colonists could only elect assembly members and governors were often harsh.
- Dissatisfaction with taxes led to rebellions like the Culpeper Rebellion in 1677 and the Cary Rebellion in the early 1700s over religious freedom, which divided colonists and led the colony to split into North and South Carolina in 1712.
The document summarizes the English colonization of North America, focusing on Virginia, New England, and Carolina. It describes the founding and early struggles of Jamestown in Virginia in 1607. It then discusses the Puritan pilgrims who founded Plymouth in 1620 and larger Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay in the 1630s. The document also outlines the establishment of Carolina in the 1670s, the division into North and South Carolina, and the development of the plantation system focused on rice and indigo production by the 1760s.
1) During the 18th century, the British and French fought for control of North America and influence over Native American tribes.
2) As the French military presence declined after 1763, British traders abused Native Americans and encroached on their lands, leading to conflicts like the Cherokee War of 1761.
3) Meanwhile, Spain sought to maintain its claims in the Pacific Northwest against growing Russian and British exploration of the region in the late 1700s.
The document provides an overview of the early colonization of North America by European powers between the 16th and 18th centuries. It describes:
- France's establishment of New France in Quebec and claims along the Mississippi River under Samuel de Champlain and Sieur de La Salle.
- England's founding of Jamestown in 1607 after receiving a charter from King James I, and the early hardships and eventual success of the colony through the cultivation of tobacco.
- The Puritans' founding of Plymouth colony in 1620 and Massachusetts Bay colony in 1630 in search of religious freedom, which inspired the "Great Migration" of over 20,000 English settlers to New England.
The document summarizes the development of the three colonial regions in America - New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies. It describes how each region's economy, society, and system of labor developed based on its natural resources and environment. In New England, small family farms, fishing, lumber, and trade were important. The Middle Colonies had fertile soil and grew grain as a cash crop. The Southern Colonies relied on large plantations that grew cash crops like tobacco and rice, and eventually came to depend heavily on slave labor as the plantation economy expanded.
The document summarizes the 13 original colonies of British America. It lists the colonies and groups them into regional categories of New England, Middle, and Southern. For each colony it provides brief details on the founding date and people, the origin of its name, its status as a charter or proprietary colony, and some of the early economic activities and settlers.
The document summarizes the development of colonial societies in the Chesapeake Bay region and Carolina from the 17th to early 18th centuries. It describes how the colonies relied heavily on indentured servants and later African slaves for labor. It also discusses the relationships and conflicts between colonists and native tribes over land and trade. The economies transitioned from tobacco to rice cultivation, and slavery became entrenched.
The document provides information about each of the original 13 colonies that became the first 13 states, listing them in chronological order of when they ratified the U.S. Constitution. For each colony/state, it provides 1-3 facts about the date it became a state, its founding date, major cities, industries, and other relevant historical information. The colonies/states covered are Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island.
The document provides information about the three main colonial regions in British North America: New England Colonies, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies. It describes that the New England Colonies were settled primarily by religious dissenting Puritans fleeing persecution in England. The Middle Colonies had a diverse population and economies based around agriculture and industry. The Southern Colonies were focused on plantation agriculture using indentured servants and later slaves, with a society divided between large plantation owners and small farmers.
South Carolina was founded in 1663 by King Charles II of England who granted the land to eight proprietors to repay his debts. The state flower is the yellow jasmine and the state bird is the Carolina Wren. Some key facts about the colony include that the main crops were rice, tobacco and pine tar, the colony revolted in 1740 but was soon put down, and the colony was originally an English province established in Charleston in 1670 with Protestantism as the dominant religion.
This document provides a summary of the 13 original colonies of British America in 3 sentences or less per section:
- It divides the colonies into 3 geographic regions: New England (4 colonies), Middle (4 colonies), and Southern (5 colonies) and summarizes the economy, climate, resources, and population of each region.
- It then provides 1-2 paragraphs on each individual colony, summarizing their founding date and people, economy, resources, and religion.
- Additional sections summarize the economies, climates, resources, populations, and religions of the colonies overall.
The document provides information about life in the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It describes their economies, which focused on farming, fishing, and cash crops like tobacco. Religion played a central role, with the Puritans in New England leading strict lives centered around church. Education emphasized reading the Bible. People ate locally grown and hunted food and wore simple homemade clothes. The colonies practiced self-government through assemblies and traded goods with Native Americans and each other.
1) The document discusses the development of European colonies in North America and the Caribbean during the 17th century, including the founding and growth of the French, Dutch, and English colonies.
2) It addresses topics like the fur trade that drove French colonization, the establishment of plantations and slave societies in the Caribbean and southern colonies, and the founding of New England for religious reasons.
3) The various colonies developed different economic bases, including tobacco in Virginia, sugar in the Caribbean, and a diversity of crops in New England, with most establishing relations with local indigenous groups.
The Middle Colonies consisted of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. They had diverse geography, including coastal plains, forests, and rivers providing water power and trade routes. The colonies had good relationships and laws protecting equal rights for native and colonial populations. Colonists and natives exchanged skills and languages. Governance was at the local level through boards and assemblies. Colonist life involved wooden family homes, recreation, and Protestant-focused schooling and religion.
The Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware offered more diversity than New England. They attracted immigrants from many places in Europe in addition to England, including Germany, Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands. Economically, the Middle Colonies grew cash crops like grains that could be easily traded, earning them the name "Breadbasket colonies." New York started as the Dutch colony of New Netherland but was taken over by the English in 1664. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a colony with an emphasis on religious freedom and equality.
- The document discusses the 13 original British colonies in North America, divided into 3 regions: New England, Middle, and Southern colonies.
- The New England colonies were settled mainly by Puritans and Pilgrims seeking religious freedom. They focused on subsistence farming, fishing, and lumber industries. The Middle colonies had fertile land and became the "breadbasket" of the colonies. The Southern colonies depended on plantation agriculture and the growing of cash crops like tobacco and rice.
- Key figures discussed include William Penn, who founded Pennsylvania as a place for Quakers to freely practice their religion, and James Oglethorpe, who founded Georgia to protect the other Southern colonies from Spanish and French threats.
The document provides information on the 13 original colonies in British North America, including their founding dates, industries, cities, and dates of statehood. It discusses the regional differences between the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies in terms of climate, economy, reasons for founding, and examples of individual colonies like Massachusetts, Virginia, and Georgia. Key ideas that emerged in the colonies like self-government and democracy are also outlined, as well as influential Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.
Although the North American colonies were established with different economies, political systems, and religious values, they would be united by a common language and allegiance to England. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther and further developed by John Calvin profoundly shaped early American religious thought. Religious dissenters like the Puritans and Pilgrims fled persecution in England and established colonies in New England, bringing their Calvinist religious ideals with them. The growth and spread of the New England colonies inevitably led to conflicts with Native American tribes like the Pequot and Wampanoag as English settlers expanded further inland.
The document provides background on the colonial governance of British North America between 1585-1688. It discusses:
1) The royal framework for colonial governance, which included governors appointed by the King, councils that assisted governors, and elected assemblies.
2) Differences in how colonies selected governors and councils, between royal, proprietary, and corporate colonies.
3) Areas of disagreement that emerged between colonists and Britain around the rights of provincial assemblies, similar to tensions over the rights of the British House of Commons.
Theme 6 part 1 American Colonies: Prelude to Revolution Kristi Beria
The collapse of New France removed the buffer between the British colonists and Native American tribes. As traders abused tribes and British commander Jeffrey Amherst cut off gifts, many tribes united against the colonists. The Cherokee attacked South Carolina settlers in revenge for invading their lands, and the British retaliated by destroying Cherokee towns. This defeat led over a dozen tribes to capture British forts and settlements, but eventually the British resumed gift-giving to rebuild relations with tribes, as the French had done previously.
The document provides an overview of the key differences among the British colonies in North America, including the Chesapeake (Virginia), New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It summarizes that the Chesapeake colonies like Virginia relied on tobacco plantations and slavery. The New England colonies such as Plymouth and Massachusetts were founded for religious freedom and had family settlers who farmed. The Middle colonies including Pennsylvania and New York had diverse populations and economies. The Southern colonies resembled Virginia with cash crops like rice and indigo that relied on the slave labor system.
1. The document discusses the motives and methods of European colonization in North America between the 16th and 17th centuries, including the desire for wealth, spreading Christianity, and finding a Northwest Passage to Asia. 2. It examines the establishment of key colonies like Jamestown and Plymouth, which struggled at first but grew prosperous through the introduction of cash crops like tobacco. 3. It also covers the interactions between European colonists and Native Americans like the Powhatan and Pequot tribes, which often led to conflict over land and resources.
The Puritans sought to establish a pure church in the New World and fled religious persecution in England. They established authoritarian religious communities with strict moral codes in the Massachusetts Bay colony in the 1630s. Conflict arose between the Puritans and Native Americans over differing concepts of land use and ownership. This led to the Pequot War of 1637 and ultimately King Philip's War of 1675-76, a devastating conflict that killed thousands on both sides.
The document summarizes life in the 13 English colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. It describes the founding and development of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. Key aspects covered include the religious motivations for different colonies, forms of government and rights that emerged, the growth of slavery, and social hierarchies that developed in colonial society.
The document discusses the early English colonies in North America, including Virginia and the Middle Colonies. It describes the initial failed colonies of Roanoke led by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1585. The Jamestown colony was established in 1607 in Virginia near the Powhatan Confederacy led by Chief Powhatan. Conflict arose between the colonists and Native Americans as the colonists sought land and resources. The Dutch and Swedes also established colonies in the mid-Atlantic region, which the English later took control of in the mid-1600s. The Middle Colonies attracted colonists with fertile land and had a representative government system.
The document summarizes the English colonization of New England during the 17th century. It describes how Puritan religious dissenters established colonies in the region to escape persecution by the Church of England in England. The Puritans developed a culture based on hard work, piety, and entrepreneurship that helped them prosper in New England's demanding environment. It also discusses the interactions between the English colonists and the native Algonquian peoples of New England, including both cooperation and conflicts over land and power in the region.
The document provides information about the 13 original colonies in British North America:
- The colonies are divided into three regions: New England (Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware), and Southern (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia).
- Each region had distinct economies and populations. The New England colonies focused on farming, fishing, and shipbuilding. The Middle colonies welcomed religious diversity and had important port cities. The Southern colonies' economies centered around plantation agriculture and slave labor.
The Puritans arrived in Massachusetts in 1628 and 1630, establishing the settlements of Salem and Boston respectively. John Winthrop led the second group and hoped Boston would be an example of Christian living. In 1630, Winthrop became governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony and established strict religious laws. Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were expelled for their dissenting religious beliefs, leading them to establish Providence and Rhode Island respectively. Other settlements like Hartford and Portsmouth were also established, contributing to New England's growth. However, this expansion caused conflicts with Native Americans over land, culminating in the devastating King Philip's War of 1675.
- European settlement of North America began in the 17th century, with Virginia being the first successful English colony founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. Jamestown served as the first permanent English settlement.
- The New England colonies were founded for religious reasons in the 1620s-1630s by Puritans and Pilgrims seeking freedom of worship. They established representative governments and had tensions with Native Americans.
- The middle colonies developed with the Dutch founding New Amsterdam in the 1600s before being taken over by the English. Pennsylvania provided religious freedom which attracted Quakers. The French founded Quebec in 1608 to exploit resources in Canada.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Middle Colonies, which included New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. It describes how New York originated as the Dutch colony of New Netherland, before being captured by the English and becoming a proprietary colony. New Jersey was formed from land given to English nobles from New York. Pennsylvania was founded by William Penn as a place for Quakers to practice their religion freely. Delaware broke off as a separate colony from Pennsylvania. The Middle Colonies attracted settlers from various European backgrounds and had economies focused on farming, trade, and shipbuilding.
The document summarizes the history and development of the New England colonies in the 17th century. It describes how the Puritan colonists who emigrated to New England were self-sufficient farmers and artisans who relied on family labor. Their strong work ethic and climate similar to England allowed them to farm similar crops. The colonies grew through two waves of emigration and developed forms of self-government and commerce like fishing and shipping. Puritans were severe in punishing moral crimes. Roger Williams established Rhode Island after accusing church leaders of not separating enough from the Church of England. The Salem witch trials ended witchcraft prosecutions in New England.
The document provides a brief history of the early colonial settlements in North America from the 16th through 18th centuries. It discusses the first Spanish and English colonies including the founding of St. Augustine in 1565, Jamestown in 1607, and the Plymouth colony in 1620. It also summarizes the establishment of other colonies including Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia. Tensions grew between the colonies and Britain as the colonies expanded throughout the 18th century.
The document provides an overview of the European colonization of North America, dividing it into three regions - Northern, Middle, and Southern colonies. It discusses the religious backgrounds and influences that led Protestants like the Puritans and Pilgrims to establish settlements in the Northern colonies to escape persecution in Europe. The Middle colonies attracted Dutch and English settlers and saw the founding of Pennsylvania as a place of religious freedom. The Southern colonies focused on agriculture and the growth of tobacco with the help of indentured servants and African slaves.
Hist 140 album of the american coloniesJordan Handel
The document summarizes the colonization of North America by various European powers between the 15th-17th centuries. It discusses how Africans were largely used as slaves, transported via brutal conditions on slave ships. It also describes the Spanish conquest of Florida and Mexico, and their attempts to convert native populations to Catholicism, often violently. The French established themselves in Canada and Louisiana, while the Dutch set up the colony of New Netherlands. The English colonies expanded greatly, with the 13 colonies stretching from New England to the Chesapeake. Native Americans were the original inhabitants, having migrated over land bridges from Asia over 10,000 years ago.
Hist 140 album of the american coloniesJordan Handel
The document summarizes information about the early colonization of North America by various European powers between the 15th-18th centuries. It discusses how Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas, the Spanish conquest of native lands and attempts to convert indigenous religions to Catholicism, the establishment of French colonies in Canada and Louisiana, conflicts between the Dutch and English for control of the Hudson River Valley, and the expansion of the vast English colonial empire across the eastern seaboard through population growth and private enterprise. Native Americans are described as the earliest colonizers who crossed into North America from Asia over 15,000 years ago during the last ice age.
Colonization - Early American Culture slides.pptxnataliemorgan26
The document summarizes early colonization efforts in North and South America by European powers between the 15th-18th centuries. It discusses how Spain relied on conquistadors to explore the New World for land and wealth, granting them encomiendas over indigenous peoples. It also describes how Portugal focused on sugar plantations using African slaves, and how the fur trade drove French, English, and Dutch colonization of North America. The document outlines the founding of colonies like Jamestown, Plymouth, and Massachusetts Bay, and discusses challenges faced by early settlers as well as the spread of slavery.
- English colonists began settling in Virginia in the early 1600s to establish plantations and raise commodities for trade. The colony struggled at first with many colonists dying of disease and hunger.
- Tobacco was discovered to grow well in Virginia's climate and became a highly profitable cash crop by the 1630s, driving the colonial economy. The colony also used an indentured servitude system to bring laborers from England.
- Relations with local Native American tribes like the Powhatan were often hostile, including attacks on colonists and the capture of Pocahontas. Over time the English seized more land and displaced tribes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
The Colonies Power point
1. 1
As the colonies grew in the
1600’s and 1700’s, they
became the home to people of
many lands. These people
brought their own customs
and traditions. In time, they
shaped these old ways into a
new American Culture.Slide Powerpoint
by Mr. Zindman
The 13 English Colonies
(1630-1750)
(American Nation Textbook Pages 100-135)
Chapter 4
3. 3
More than 1,000 men, women and children left
England in 1630 to settle in the Americas. They set up
their colony in Massachusetts Bay, North of Plymouth.
Over the next 100 years, English settlers would build
towns and farms throughout New England.
Click on the rock to learn more.
1.The New England Colonies
4. 4
The Puritans sailed to New England and set up their colony in
Massachusetts. John Winthrop was elected the first governor of the
colony. As the new governor he passed laws without the people say
and heavily taxed the colonists.
The Puritans were a religious group that wanted to reform the church
in England. They were different from the Pilgrims, who wanted to
separate entirely from the English church.
Puritans Leave England for Massachusetts
The Puritans wanted a simpler form of worship. Puritans were a
powerful group in England. Many were well-educated merchants.
The Puritans were convinced that the English church was not
moving with modern times so the asked for a charter to set up the
Massachusetts Bay Company in New England.
5. 5
Winthrop quickly realized that people must have say in their
government if things were to run smoothly. The Massachusetts Bay
Company was set up under the leadership of Winthrop and other
Puritans they granted up their own assembly to govern themselves.
This was called the General Court.
Winthrop
I want people
to have a
voice in
government
Winthrop
Under the leadership of Winthrop the town grew
and later was called Boston.
6. 6
In 1639, the settlers wrote up a plan of government called the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. Under the Orders you did not have to
be a male church member to vote. It also limited the governments’ power.
As a result the towns thrived. In 1662 the King of England granted a
charter to the settlers. Soon 15 towns were located along the Connecticut
River. Thomas Hooker founded the State we call Connecticut today.
Thomas Hooker Settles Connecticut
In May 1636, about 100 settlers, led by a Puritan minister named Thomas
Hooker, left Massachusetts Bay Colony. They moved west and settled in
a town they called Hartford. Hooker left Massachusetts because he felt
the government had too much power. He wanted to set up a government
that did not have strict laws and limit government powers.
7. 7
Fearing that he would be sent back to England, he escaped to
Narragansett Bay. There he made friends with the Indians and
purchased some land from them. He later settled in this land he
called Rhode Island. He allowed complete freedom of religion , or
toleration, for all Protestants, Jews and Catholics
Roger Williams was another settler that disagreed with the
Massachusetts Bay Colony. Williams felt the duty of the church and
state should be separate.
Problems in
Massachusetts
Bay
Williams also believed in religious Toleration. Toleration means a
willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. Puritans and non-
Puritans could not practice their religions freely. In 1635, Williams was
ordered by the Massachusetts court to leave the colony.
8. 8
In 1634, Anne Hutchinson, left the Massachusetts Bay
Colony. She held bible readings in her home in Rhode
Island. She criticized the religious beliefs of the Puritans.
She was put on trial for her religious beliefs. She lost the
trial but became a symbol of religious freedom.
Anne Hutchinson Speaks Out
9. 9
In 1675, the Wampanoag Indians attacked the colonists
of New England for taking over their land. The colonists
captured 1,000 of the Indians and sold them into slavery
in the West Indies.
Puritans at War With Native Americans
11. 11
The woods were full of deer, hogs and turkeys for hunting. New
Englanders fished in coastal waters for cod and halibut. In the 1600’s
many New Englanders began hunting whales. In the 1700 to1800’s
whaling grew into a big business.
Life in New England Towns and Villages
New England was a difficult land for the colonists. The
soil was rocky and poor for farming. After some time
colonists learned how to grow Native American crops
such as corn, beans and squash.
12. 12
Blacks and Indians had to stay in the
back or balcony. Many crimes were
punished by the death penalty. One crime
punished by death was witchcraft. In
1692, Puritans executed 20 men and
women as witches in the Salem village,
Massachusetts.
During the 1600’s, Puritan people were very religious.
They took the Sabbath (Sunday) very seriously. No one
could work or play games on that day. Women had to sit
on the other side of the men in the church.
The average Puritan family had 7-8 children. They saw
children as a blessing of God. As a result of the
climate many people reached the age of 70.
13. 13
The Dutch set up a colony of New Netherlands
along the Hudson River. The colonists traveled
with the Indians and built the settlement of New
Amsterdam. Rich people in New Amsterdam were
granted large parcels of land. One grant was as big
as the State of Rhode Island. Owners of these huge
lands or manors were called patroons.
2.The Middle Colonies
By the mid-1700’s, England had four colonies in
the region of New England. Because of their
location between New England and the Southern
Colonies they were known as the Middle
Colonies.
15. 15
New Netherlands Becomes New York
In return for the grant, each patroon
promised to settle 50 European
families on the land. Most Dutch
colonists were Protestants but they
allowed other religions to practice
their own religion on their land. In
1664, England and the Netherlands
fought in a war over trade in Europe.
War broke out over trade and the
King of England; King Charles II
took over the city of New
Amsterdam.
New York
City Today
The city used to be called New
Amsterdam.
Click on the picture to learn more about New York City.
He gave the land to his brother, the Duke of York.
He renamed it the colony of New York in the duke’s
honor.
16. 16
New York was too big for the Duke of York to govern so he
decided to give some of the land to his friends Lord Berkeley and
Sir George Carteret. They set up a proprietary colony. Under a
proprietary colony, the king gave land to one or more of his
people, in turn the owners could rent the land. The people in
charge of this land were called proprietors. The proprietors were
free to divide up their land to others. They were also free to make
up the laws for their land. Many people were attracted to New
Jersey from many lands.
New Jersey Separates From New York
In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony, which was a
colony under control of the English crown.
17. 17
The Founding of Pennsylvania
William Penn, an Englishman, founded the
colony of Pennsylvania. At the age of 22 he
joined a despised group called the Quakers. Like
Pilgrims and Puritans, Quakers were protestant
reformers. Quakers believed that all people were
equal in the eyes of God. All men, women,
nobles and commoners were equal. To most
English people the beliefs of the Quakers were
wicked. Quakers were hanged and arrested for
their beliefs.
William Penn, a proprietor or a large tract of land, appealed to King
Charles for help. King Charles made Penn a proprietor of a large tract
of land in North America. He named the new colony Pennsylvania.
Penn wanted equal treatment for all people and religions. People
went to Pennsylvania to escape religious persecution. Soon
afterwards the English officials forced Penn to turn away Catholic
and Jewish settlers.
18. 18
Among the new arrivals were
large numbers of German
speaking Protestants. They
became known as the
Pennsylvania Dutch. African
slaves were also brought to
Pennsylvania.
Penn also called for equal treatment for Native American
Indians and Africans. Settlers in the lower countries did not
want to send delegates to a far away assembly in
Philadelphia. In 1701 William Penn allowed the people in the
lower countries to elect their own assembly. Later the lower
countries broke away to form the colony of Delaware. The
next slide will show pictures from Pennsylvania.
19. 19
Farmers produced surpluses of wheat, barley, and rye. These were
cash crops, or produce that was sold for money in the world market.
The Middle colonies exported so much grain that they were called the
Breadbasket Colonies. Farmers in the middle colonies also raised
cattle and pigs. They sent tons of beef, pork, and butter to ports in New
York.
Life in the Middle Colonies
Farmers found better growing conditions in the Middle Colonies than in
England. The land of the Hudson and Delaware was great for planting
crops. The winters in the Middle Colonies were warmer and the growing
season was longer.
Skilled German settlers, encouraged by William Penn, set up their
shops in Pennsylvania. In time Pennsylvania became the center of
manufacturing and crafts. They made hardware, clocks, watches
locks, glass, stoneware, nails and paper.
20. 20
The different groups that settled in the Middle
Colonies had their own favorite way of building
homes. Swedish settlers built log cabins. The
Dutch used red bricks to build their homes.
German settlers developed a wood burning stove
that heated a home better. In the 1700’s, thousands
of German and Scottish-Irish settlers arrived in
Philadelphia’s booming port. From Philadelphia
they headed west into the backcountry, the area of
land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian
Mountains.
The Back Country
Settlers followed the old Iroquois trail. This trail
became known as the Great Wagon Road.
To farm settlers had to clear thick forests. From
Indians, settlers learned how to make candles from
pine trees to light their homes. They made dishes
from wooden logs and hunted wild animals for
food. Many settlers that arrived in the backcountry
alarmed the Indians. Disputes between the Indians
and settlers occurred very often.
21. 21
In 1763 to Englishmen, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon
began to look over the 244-mile boundary between Maryland
and Pennsylvania (or between the Southern and Middle
colonies.) They carefully laid two stone markers at the borders
of the two colonies. They called this boundary the Mason-Dixon
Line. Below the Mason Dixon Line, the Southern Colonies
developed their own way of life different from the other English
Colonies. Do not
cross
my
line!
3.The Southern Colonies
22. 22
In 1632, Sir George Calvert convinced King Charles I to
grant him land for a colony in the Americas. Calvert was
Protestant but he changed his beliefs to the Catholic
Religion. He planned to build a colony called Maryland,
where Catholics could practice their religion freely.
When Sir George died his son, Lord Baltimore pushed
on with his dad’s project.
Lord Baltimore’s Maryland
In the spring of 1634, two hundred colonists landed in
the Chesapeake Bay, across from England’s first
southern colony. Maryland was truly a land of plenty.
Chesapeake Bay was full of fish, oysters and crabs.
Across the bay Virginians were already growing tobacco
for profit. Lord Baltimore was appointed the Governor of
Maryland. He gave out generous land grants to
encourage people to settle in Maryland.
Lord Baltimore welcomed Catholics and
Protestants to the colony. In 1649, he asked the
people to pass an Act of Toleration. The act
provided religious freedom for all Christians. This
freedom did not extend to Jewish people.
23. 23
Many people had settled in Virginia. They were lured there because
of the promise of the profits from tobacco. Wealthy planters took the
best land near the coast. Newcomers had to move inland near the
Indians. Indians and settlers had many clashes and wars over the
land. The Governor would not take action against the Indians.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Finally, in 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a young planter, organized some
angry men and women against the Indians. He led a revolt against the
Native American villages. Then he burned down Jamestown. This
uprising became known as Bacon’s Rebellion. The government
stopped Bacon and his followers. Twenty-three of Bacon’s follows
were hanged. Bacon was killed in a revolt.
24. 24
The issue of slavery led to the differences between
the two areas. They could not settle their
differences so they separated into 2 different
settlements called North and South Carolina.
Slave house in South
Carolina 1860
The Carolinas
South of Virginia and Maryland, English colonists
settled in a region called the Carolinas. In the North
of the Carolinas settlers were poor tobacco farmers.
In the South, a group of eight rich nobles set up a
larger colony. In 1685, a few planters discovered
that rice grew well in the lowly swamplands along
the coast.
Before long, Carolina Rice became a valuable
crop traded around the world. The planters also
grew indigo, a plant used to make valuable blue
dye. The farmers needed large numbers of
workers to grow rice and grow indigo. They tried
to enslave the Indians to do the work but they died
of diseases or mistreatment. Planters turned to
slaves from Africa. By 1700, most people coming
to Carolina were African men and women brought
against their will. The North part of Carolina did
not have slaves. The South part did have slaves.
25. 25
The last colony was carved out of the
southern part of South Carolina.
James Oglethorpe, a respected solider,
founded Georgia in 1732. He wanted Georgia
to be a place where people were jailed for
debts in England could find a new life. Under
English law, if you owed money, you were a
debtor, and did not “pay up” you could be
placed in jail. In 1733 Oglethorpe and 120
colonists built the colonies first settlement
named the Savannah.
Georgia: A Haven for Debtors
He forbid slavery and did not allow very large farms. He
attracted the poor people to settle in his lands. Soon
afterwards, Oglethorpe changed his rules. He allowed
large plantations and slavery. Slavery grew very rapidly
in Georgia on the plantations.
26. 26
The southern colonies were much
warmer than the northern colonies. The
colonies in the North (Virginia, Maryland
and parts of North Carolina) became the
major tobacco producing areas. It
became profitable to raise tobacco and
rice on large plantations.
Slave
Quarters
1800
Tobacco
Plants
Plantation Life
Slaves did most of the work in the fields.
Some slaves were skilled workers such
as carpenters or blacksmiths. Other
slaves worked as cooks and
housekeepers. Only a few white
southerners owned large plantations.
Planters set the style of life in the south.
Life centered on the Great House where
the planter and his family lived. The
planter lived in an elegant home with a
parlor and guestrooms.
27. 27
The first Africans in the English
colonies included free people and
servants as well as slaves. In the early
years even enslaved people enjoyed
some freedom. On plantations, in the
Southern Colonies, enslaved Africans
used their farming skills they brought
from West Africa. They showed the
English settlers how to grow rice.
They also knew how to use wild plants
to create brooms, buckets and fans.
Growth of Slavery
29. 29
Slaves were seen not as humans but as property. Most English
colonists did not question the justice of owning slaves. They
believed that black Africans were inferior to white Europeans. The
belief that one race is superior to another is called racism. In 1688,
Quakers in Germantown, Pennsylvania, became the first group of
colonists to call for an end to slavery.
By 1700, plantations in the Southern Colonies relied on slave labor.
Slaves cleared the land, worked the crops and tended the
livestock. To control the large number of slaves the colonists
passes Slave Codes. These laws set out rules for slaves’ behavior
and denied them their basic rights.
30. 30
As the demand for slaves grew,
European traders set up posts
along the African coast. They
offered guns to African rulers that
brought in slaves. They loaded
the captives aboard ships. The
Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and
French ships headed for the
Americas.
The Slave Trade
By the 1720’s, between 2,000-3,000
Africans were arriving each year to
the Northern English Colonies. The
trip from Africa was called the
Middle Passage. Slaves were
crammed into small spaces below
deck. Records show that ten
percent of the Africans shipped to
North America did not survive the
journey.
31. 31
In 1750, Philadelphia was the largest seaport in the colonies. In
England trade started to diminish so the King of England took an
interest in trade with the colonies.
4. The Roots of Self Government
England Regulates Trade
Like other European countries, England believed the purpose of
the colonies was to benefit the home country. This belief was part
of a principle called mercantilism. According to this theory, a
nation became strong by controlling trade. Trade takes place when
goods are exchanged between two countries.
Imports are trade goods brought into the country. Exports are
trade goods sent to markets outside the country. Because
exports help a country earn money, mercantilists thought that a
country should export more than it imports.
32. 32
Colonial trade merchants
developed many trade
routes in which they traded
lumber, fish, and other
items with the West Indies.
On route was known as the
triangular trade route
because the three legs of
the trip made a triangle.
Trade in Rum and
Slaves
The colonies produced a
wide variety of goods.
Merchants from New
England dominated the
colonial trade market.
These people were called
Yankees, a nickname that
implied they were clever
and hard working.
33. 33
On their trip back from the West Indies
they brought back sugar and molasses.
The colonists carried the sugar and
molasses to New England where they
made rum out of it.
34. 34
In the early 1600 and early 1700’s,
travel in the colonies was slow
and difficult. Roads were muddy
and rough. There were few
bridges over streams and rivers.
Colonists set up a postal system,
but it was slow. It took one month
for a letter to get from Boston to
Williamsburg, Virginia. In the
winter it took 2 months.
Travel and Communication
Slowly, roads improved. Families
built taverns on the side of the
roads for travelers. People
enjoyed staying in taverns to
gossip and share stories.
35. 35
By the late 1600’s, each colony set up its own form
of government. In each colony a governor directed
the colonies affairs and enforced the laws. The
King usually appointed the governor. Rhode Island
and Connecticut elected their own governor. Each
colony set up a legislature. A legislature is a group
of people who have the power to make up the laws.
The legislature had the right to approve or
disapprove taxed for the colonists. They called this
the “power of the purse.” This meant the
legislature had the right to raise or spend money in
any way they wished.
A Bill of Rights
Each colony had its own rules on who could vote. By the
1720’s, all the colonies restricted the right to vote to white
Christian men over the age of 21. In some colonies only
Protestants could only vote. All voters had to own property.
Colonial leader felt that property owners only knew what was
good for the colony.
36. 36
The English Bill of Rights also
said that a ruler could not raise
taxes or an army without
approval of the Parliament. As a
result of the Glorious Revolution
the colonists won more rights.King James
Mary of the
Netherlands
In 1688 the Glorious Revolution
began in England. The Parliament
removed King James from his
throne and asked William and Mary
of the Netherlands to rule. In
return for the Parliaments support,
William and Mary signed the
English Bill of Rights in 1869. It
protected the rights of individuals
and gave anyone accused the right
to a trial by jury.
37. 37
In 1743, Benjamin Franklin made a proposal to promote knowledge in
the colonies. This led to the American Philosophical Society was born.
This was the first sign that life in the colonies was becoming quite
different from life in England.
5. Life in the Colonies
Social Classes
Colonists enjoyed more social equality than the people in England
did. Still social classed did exist. The people that stood at the top of
the society were called the gentry. The gentry were wealthy planters,
merchants, successful lawyers, ministers and royal officials. They
could afford to dress in elegant clothes and follow the latest
fashions.
38. 38
Below the gentry was the middle class. The middle class included
farmers who worked their own land, skilled craft-workers and some
trades people. Nearly 75 percent of the colonists belonged to the
middle class. They prospered because land was plentiful and easy to
buy.
Indentured Servant Middle Class Woman
The lowest social class included hired farmhands, indentured
servants and slaves. Indentured servants promised to work without
wages for 4-7 years for whom ever would pay their ocean passage.
When their term of service was done they received a set of clothes,
tools and 50 acres of land.
39. 39
Women throughout the colonies did
many different tasks. Whether they
lived in Connecticut or South
Carolina a woman took care of her
household, husband and family. In
the kitchen she baked squash or
boiled corn also known as hominy
grits. She milked the cows, watched
the children and made clothing.
Many women even worked of the
fields during harvest time. In the
cities women worked outside of the
home. They worked as maids, cooks
or even a nurse for the gentry. Other
women were midwives. A midwife
would deliver the children.
Women’s Work in the Colonies
40. 40
By the Mid-1700 the culture of the Africans in the colonies varied
greatly. On rice plantations in South Carolina, slaves saw few white
colonists. As a result, Africans were able to keep their customs.
In the Southern colonies more than one half of the population was
African. Many of the Africans worked along the docks making ropes,
barrels and ships. Skilled craft-workers made fine wood cabinets or
silver plates and utensils.
African Cultural Influences
41. 41
Although most Africans were
enslaved, many opened and
operated their own shops in
stalls in markets. In Virginia
and Maryland, African
traditions were weaker. In
some costal areas, Africans
spoke Gullah, a combination
of English and West African
languages. Africans were less
isolated from the white people
in these regions. Still ships
brought Africans to the
Americas aboard slave ships.
42. 42
In the 1730’s and 1740’s a religious movement called the Great
Awakening swept through the colonies. Jonathan Edwards, a New
England preacher, set off this movement in his public sermons. In
his sermons he warned people of the evils of slavery. He warned
people that if they did not stop slavery they would make God very
angry.
Jonathan
Edwards
George
Whitefield
A Renewal of Faith
In 1739, an English minister, George Whitefield, arrived in the
colonies. He spread Jonathan Edwards’s movement against slavery.
Their ideas spread across the colonies like wildfire. The urged the
sinners of slavery to reform immediately. The Great Awakening
brought about the bitter arguments over slavery!
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The first New England school had only one room for students of all
ages. Parents paid the schoolteacher in corn, peas and other foods.
The Middle and Southern colonies, churches and individual families
set up private schools. Pupils paid to attend. As a result, only wealthy
families could afford an education. In Southern colonies people lived
too far from one another so some planter’s hires tutors or private
teachers. The wealthiest families could send their children to school
in England. The next slide has school pictures.
Education in the Colonies
Among the colonists, New Englanders were most concerned about
education. Puritans believed that all people had a duty to study the
bible. In 1647, the Massachusetts assembly passed a law ordering all
parents to teach their children “to read and understand the principles
of religion.”
Beyond that, they required towns with fifty families had to hire a
school teacher. Towns with 100 families or more had to set up a
grammar school. In this way Massachusetts set up the first public
schools. The schools were supported by taxes.
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Some children served as apprentices . An apprentice worked for a
master to learn a trade or craft. For example, when a boy reached the
age of 12-13, his parents might apprentice him to be a master
glassmaker. The apprentice worked for the master without pay for
about 7 years. In return the master would give the boy food, clothing
and treated him like a member of the family. In return the apprentice
would until he was ready to open his own shop
In New England, Some
girls attended dame
schools, or private
schools run by women in
their own homes. Most
schools for the colonies
were only for boys.
However, girls learned
many skills from their
mother. Their mom taught
them how to weave, spin
wool and embroider.
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During the 1600’s, European
scientists tried to use logic or reason
to understand the world. They
developed theories and performed
experiments to test them. In doing so
they discovered many laws of nature.
Isaac Newton, for example, explained
how the force of gravity kept planets
flying out of orbit. Because these
great thinkers believed in the light of
human reason, the movement was
called the Enlightenment.
Spread of Ideas
47. 47
In 1752 he proved that lightening was a form of electricity. He flew a kite
during a thunderstorm. A bolt of lightening struck the kite and caused an
electrical spark. Like other Enlightenment thinkers, Franklin used reason to
improve the world around him. Using what he learned; he invented the
lightening rod to protect buildings during thunderstorms. Franklin also
invented the stove and bifocal glasses. Franklin’s practical inventions and
public service made him gain worldwide fame.
Benjamin Franklin was the best example of the Enlightenment spirit in the
colonies. Franklin was born in 1706, the son of a poor Boston soap and candle
maker. Franklin worked his way from poverty to becoming a very important
colonial leader.
At age 17, Franklin ran away from Boston and made his way to Philadelphia.
There, he built up a successful printing business. Franklin’s many interests
included science.