The document summarizes key concepts in project management, focusing on people, product, process, and project. It discusses establishing effective teams by focusing on stakeholders, team leaders with strong people skills, and software teams structured appropriately based on the problem. It emphasizes defining the product scope and decomposing problems into functionality and processes. Choosing the right process model and planning tasks is described. Signs of projects in jeopardy and using the W5 principle to establish a project definition and plan are also summarized.
Software design is a process through which requirements are translated into a ― blueprint for constructing the software.
Initially, the blueprint shows how the software will look and what kind of data or components will be required to in making it.
The software is divided into separately named components, often called ‘MODULES’, that are used to detect problems at ease.
This follows the "DIVIDE AND CONQUER" conclusion. It's easier to solve a complex problem when you break it into manageable pieces.
Software design is a process through which requirements are translated into a ― blueprint for constructing the software.
Initially, the blueprint shows how the software will look and what kind of data or components will be required to in making it.
The software is divided into separately named components, often called ‘MODULES’, that are used to detect problems at ease.
This follows the "DIVIDE AND CONQUER" conclusion. It's easier to solve a complex problem when you break it into manageable pieces.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
Mostly people ask what is system development life cycle so, you can read the 7 stages of system development life cycle step by step from IPHS Technologies
Introduction to Software Project ManagementSaadi Jadoon
Project management software is software used for project planning, scheduling, resource allocation and change management. It allows project managers (PMs), stakeholders and users to control costs and manage budgeting, quality management and documentation and also may be used as an administration system.
This ppt covers the following
A strategic approach to testing
Test strategies for conventional software
Test strategies for object-oriented software
Validation testing
System testing
The art of debugging
Mostly people ask what is system development life cycle so, you can read the 7 stages of system development life cycle step by step from IPHS Technologies
Introduction to Software Project ManagementSaadi Jadoon
Project management software is software used for project planning, scheduling, resource allocation and change management. It allows project managers (PMs), stakeholders and users to control costs and manage budgeting, quality management and documentation and also may be used as an administration system.
This involves specification of software systems using advanced design languages and formal logics, as well as verifying the correctness of such specifications using formal engineering analysis methods and various mechanical/automated tools
Project management chapter_04 for MSBTEKalyan Ingole
This presentation is about the project management that contains project management spectrum,Risk management,change management,configuration management and clean room strategy
Collaborative work integrative_project_iii_chica_liseth-_chulde_valentina_1Valentina913
Collaborative Work
INTEGRATIVE PROJECT III
PART 3: Group Work: Putting Your Team Together
Chapter 9: Aligning the key Players for Project
Chapter 10: Defining Team Members’ Roles and Responsibilities
Chapter 11: Starting your project
This ppt covers the following topics
Software quality
A framework for product metrics
A product metrics taxonomy
Metrics for the analysis model
Metrics for the design model
Metrics for maintenance
This topic covers the following topics
Introduction
Golden rules of user interface design
Reconciling four different models
User interface analysis
User interface design
User interface evaluation
Example user interfaces
This ppt covers the following topics
Introduction
The software component
Designing class-based components
Designing conventional components
Thus it covers Component level design
This ppt covers the following topics :-
Introduction
Design quality
Design concepts
The design model
Thus it covers design engineering in software engineering
This ppt explains about the FAQ's in software engineering and software engineer profession and ethics of software engineer.
Difference between the system engineer and software engineer.
This ppt covers the following topics:
Introduction
Data design
Software architectural styles
Architectural design process
Assessing alternative architectural designs
Thus it covers Architectural Design
This ppt explains in brief what actually is arm processor and it covers the first 3 chapters of book "ARM SYSTEM DEVELOPERS GUIDE". The 3 chapters include the history,architecture,instruction set etc.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
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Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. Chapter 21
Project Management Concepts
- The Management Spectrum
- The People
- The Product
- The Process
- The Project
2. The Management Spectrum
• Effective software project management focuses on these items (in this
order)
• The people
• Deals with the cultivation of motivated, highly skilled people
• Consists of the stakeholders, the team leaders, and the software team
• The product
• Product objectives and scope should be established before a project can be
planned
• The process
• The software process provides the framework from which a comprehensive plan
for software development can be established
• The project
• Planning and controlling a software project is done for one primary reason…it is
the only known way to manage complexity
• In a 1998 survey, 26% of software projects failed outright, 46% experienced cost
and schedule overruns
2
4. The People: The Stakeholders
• Five categories of stakeholders
• Senior managers – define business issues that often have significant
influence on the project
• Project (technical) managers – plan, motivate, organize, and control the
practitioners who do the work
• Practitioners – deliver the technical skills that are necessary to engineer a
product or application
• Customers – specify the requirements for the software to be engineered and
other stakeholders who have a peripheral interest in the outcome
• End users – interact with the software once it is released for production use
4
5. The People: Team Leaders
• Competent practitioners often fail to make good team leaders; they
just don’t have the right people skills
• Qualities to look for in a team leader
• Motivation – the ability to encourage technical people to produce to their
best ability
• Organization – the ability to mold existing processes (or invent new ones)
that will enable the initial concept to be translated into a final product
• Ideas or innovation – the ability to encourage people to create and feel
creative even when they must work within bounds established for a
particular software product or application
• Team leaders should use a problem-solving management style
• Concentrate on understanding the problem to be solved
• Manage the flow of ideas
• Let everyone on the team know, by words and actions, that quality counts
and that it will not be compromised
5
(More on next slide)
6. The People: Team Leaders
(continued)
• Another set of useful leadership traits
• Problem solving – diagnose, structure a solution, apply lessons learned,
remain flexible
• Managerial identity – take charge of the project, have confidence to assume
control, have assurance to allow good people to do their jobs
• Achievement – reward initiative, demonstrate that controlled risk taking will
not be punished
• Influence and team building – be able to “read” people, understand verbal
and nonverbal signals, be able to react to signals, remain under control in
high-stress situations
6
7. The People: The Software Team
• Seven project factors to consider when structuring a software
development team
• The difficulty of the problem to be solved
• The size of the resultant program(s) in source lines of code
• The time that the team will stay together
• The degree to which the problem can be modularized
• The required quality and reliability of the system to be built
• The rigidity of the delivery date
• The degree of sociability (communication) required for the project
7
(More on next slide)
8. The People: The Software Team
(continued)
• Four organizational paradigms for software development teams
• Closed paradigm – traditional hierarchy of authority; works well when
producing software similar to past efforts; members are less likely to be
innovative
• Random paradigm – depends on individual initiative of team members;
works well for projects requiring innovation or technological breakthrough;
members may struggle when orderly performance is required
• Open paradigm – hybrid of the closed and random paradigm; works well for
solving complex problems; requires collaboration, communication, and
consensus among members
• Synchronous paradigm – organizes team members based on the natural
pieces of the problem; members have little communication outside of their
subgroups
8
(More on next slide)
9. The People: The Software Team
(continued)
• Five factors that cause team toxity (i.e., a toxic team environment)
• A frenzied work atmosphere
• High frustration that causes friction among team members
• A fragmented or poorly coordinated software process
• An unclear definition of roles on the software team
• Continuous and repeated exposure to failure
• How to avoid these problems
• Give the team access to all information required to do the job
• Do not modify major goals and objectives, once they are defined, unless
absolutely necessary
• Give the team as much responsibility for decision making as possible
• Let the team recommend its own process model
• Let the team establish its own mechanisms for accountability (i.e., reviews)
• Establish team-based techniques for feedback and problem solving
9
10. The People: Coordination and
Communication Issues
• Key characteristics of modern software make projects fail
• scale, uncertainty, interoperability
• To better ensure success
• Establish effective methods for coordinating the people who do the work
• Establish methods of formal and information communication among team
members
10
11. Group Dynamics
• Based on studies published by B. Tuckman in 1965
• Updated later in 1977
• Describes a four-stage model
• Forming
• Storming
• Norming
• Performing
11
12. Group Dynamics Model
• Forming
• Group members rely on safe, patterned behavior and look to the group leader for
guidance and direction
• Impressions are gathered and similarities and differences are noted
• Serious topics and feelings are avoided
• To grow, members must relinquish the comfort of non-threatening topics and risk
the possibility of conflict
12
13. Group Dynamics Model
• Storming
• As group members organize for the tasks, conflict inevitably results in their
personal relations and cliques start to form
• Individuals have to bend and mold their feelings to fit the group
• Fear of exposure or fear of failure causes an increased desire for structural
clarification and commitment
• Conflicts arise over leadership, structure, power, and authority
• Member behavior may have wide swings based on emerging issues of
competition and hostilities
• Some members remain silent while others attempt to dominate
13
14. Group Dynamics Model
(continued)
• Norming
• Members engage in active acknowledgement of all members’ contributions,
community building, and solving of group issues
• Members are willing to change their preconceived ideas or opinions based on facts
presented by the group
• Leadership is shared, active listening occurs, and cliques dissolve
• Members began to identify with one another, which leads to a level of trust in their
personal relations and contributes to cohesion
• Members begin to experience a sense of group belonging
14
15. Group Dynamics Model
(continued)
• Performing
• The capacity, range, and depth of personal relations in the group expand to true
interdependence
• Members can work independently, in subgroups, or altogether with equal ability and
success
• The group is most productive, members become self-assuring, and the need for
group approval is past
• Genuine problem solving can occur leading towards optimal solutions
15
17. The Product
• The scope of the software development must be established and
bounded
• Context – How does the software to be built fit into a larger system, product,
or business context, and what constraints are imposed as a result of the
context?
• Information objectives – What customer-visible data objects are produced
as output from the software? What data objects are required for input?
• Function and performance – What functions does the software perform to
transform input data into output? Are there any special performance
characteristics to be addressed?
• Software project scope must be unambiguous and understandable at
both the managerial and technical levels
17
(More on next slide)
18. The Product (continued)
• Problem decomposition
• Also referred to as partitioning or problem elaboration
• Sits at the core of software requirements analysis
• Two major areas of problem decomposition
• The functionality that must be delivered
• The process that will be used to deliver it
18
20. The Process
• Getting Started
• The project manager must decide which process model is most appropriate
based on
• The customers who have requested the product and the people who will do the
work
• The characteristics of the product itself
• The project environment in which the software team works
• Once a process model is selected, a preliminary project plan is established
based on the process framework activities
• Process decomposition then begins
• The result is a complete plan reflecting the work tasks required to populate
the framework activities
• Project planning begins as a melding of the product and the process
based on the various framework activities
20
22. The Project: A Common Sense Approach
• Start on the right foot
• Understand the problem; set realistic objectives and expectations; form a good team
• Maintain momentum
• Provide incentives to reduce turnover of people; emphasize quality in every task;
have senior management stay out of the team’s way
• Track progress
• Track the completion of work products; collect software process and project
measures; assess progress against expected averages
• Make smart decisions
• Keep it simple; use COTS or existing software before writing new code; follow
standard approaches; identify and avoid risks; always allocate more time than you
think you need to do complex or risky tasks
• Conduct a post mortem analysis
• Track lessons learned for each project; compare planned and actual schedules; collect
and analyze software project metrics; get feedback from teams members and
customers; record findings in written form
22
23. The Project: Signs that it is in
Jeopardy
• Software people don't understand their customer's needs
• The product scope is poorly defined
• Changes are managed poorly
• The chosen technology changes
• Business needs change (or are poorly defined)
• Deadlines are unrealistic
• Users are resistant
• Sponsorship is lost (or was never properly obtained)
• The project team lacks people with appropriate skills
• Managers (and practitioners) avoid best practices and lessons learned
23
24. The Project: The W5
HH Principle
• Why is the system being developed?
• Assesses the validity of business reasons and justifications
• What will be done?
• Establishes the task set required for the project
• When will it be done?
• Establishes a project schedule
• Who is responsible for a function?
• Defines the role and responsibility of each team member
• Where are they organizationally located?
• Notes the organizational location of team members, customers, and other
stakeholders
• How will the job be done technically and managerially?
• Establishes the management and technical strategy for the project
• How much of each resource is needed?
• Establishes estimates based on the answers to the previous questions
24
A series of questions that lead to a definition of key project characteristics
and the resultant project plan