The document provides an overview of the lymphatic system and immunity from Chapter 16 of Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology textbook. It discusses the key components and functions of the lymphatic system including lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, lymph fluid formation and flow, and immune defenses. The summary highlights that the lymphatic system transports excess fluid, transports fats, and helps defend the body against disease. It also distinguishes between innate nonspecific defenses and adaptive specific defenses of the immune system.

1. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 16 Lecture PowerPoint

2. 2402 Anatomy and Physiology II Chapter 16 Susan Gossett [email_address] Department of Biology Paris Junior College

3. Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Twelfth Edition Shier  Butler  Lewis Chapter 16 Lymphatic System and Immunity Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

5. 16.2: Lymphatic Pathways Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lymphatic capillaries Pulmonary capillary network Lymph node Lymphatic vessels Blood flow Lymph node Lymph flow Systemic capillary network Lymphatic capillaries

6. Lymphatic Capillaries Tissue cells Arteriole Venule Lymphatic capillary Capillary bed Lymphatic vessel Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

9. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lymph nodes Thoracic duct Thoracic duct Right lymphatic duct Right internal jugular vein (a) (b) Area drained by right lymphatic duct Right lymphatic duct Lymphatic trunks Lymphatic vessels Left internal jugular vein Left subclavian vein Cisterna chyli Right subclavian vein Axillary lymph nodes Lymphatics of mammary gland

10. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Afferent lymphatic vessel Collecting duct Subclavian vein Efferent lymphatic vessel Lymphatic capillary Lymph node Lymphatic trunk

16. Lymph Flow Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sinus Capsule (a) Nodule Hilum Artery Medulla (macrophages, T cells) Capsule Subcapsule (macrophages, B cells) Efferent lymphatic vessel Lymph flow Germinal center (B cells) Vein Lymph flow Afferent lymphatic vessel Germinal center b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Al Telser, photographer (b)

17. Obstruction of Lymph Movement Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Blood vessels Lymph node Muscle Lymphatic vessels © Dr. Kent M. Van De Graaff

19. Structure of a Lymph Node Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lymph flow Sinus Capsule (a) Nodule Hilum Lymph flow Artery Vein Afferent lymphatic vessel Germinal center (B cells) Subcapsule (macrophages, B cells) Medulla (macrophages, T cells) Efferent lymphatic vessel

24. Larynx Thymus Lung Liver (a) (b) Diaphragm Thyroid gland Heart Stomach Spleen Lobule Trachea Connective tissue b: © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc./Dennis Strete, photographer Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

28. 16.8: Innate (Nonspecific) Defenses

38. Lymphocyte Origins B cell Thymus T cell T cell 1 2 3 4 B cell Stem cells in red bone marrow give rise to lymphocyte precursors. Red bone marrow Some lymphocyte precursors are processed within the bone marrow to become B cells. Both T cells and B cells are transported through the blood to lymphatic organs, such as the lymph nodes, lymphatic ducts, and spleen. Some lymphocyte precursors are processed in the thymus to become T cells. Blood transport Blood transport Lymphocyte precursors Blood transport Lymph node Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

42. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Cytokines Antigen B cells Activated B cell Interleukin-2 1 3 2 4 5 (a) Macrophage Helper T cell (b) Cytotoxic T cell Cytotoxic T cell contacts Displayed antigen Helper T cell contacts displayed antigen and proliferates Cytotoxic T cell Helper T cells Activated helper T cell interacts with cytotoxic T cell (which has combined with an identical antigen) and releases interleukin-2, which activates the cytotoxic T cell Proliferation and Differentiation Memory T cell Cytotoxic T cell Antigen receptor B cell combines with antigen Macrophage displays ingested antigen on its surface Displayed antigen b: © Manfred Kage/Peter Arnold

43. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Activated B cell Proliferation B cells Antigen Cytokines Activation 1 2 3 Antigen receptor Stimulation by activated helper T cell Clone of B cells

44. Antigen Proliferation Antigen Receptor (antibody) Receptor-antigen combination Activated B cell Cytokines from helper T cell Clone of B cells Proliferation and Differentiation Proliferation and Differentiation Endoplasmic reticulum Released antibodies Plasma cell (antibody-secreting cell) Memory cell (dormant cell) Plasma cell (antibody-secreting cell) Memory cell (dormant cell) Clone of B cells Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

47. 16.1 From Science to Technology Immunotherapy

48. Immune Responses Plasma antibody concentration 10 0 20 30 Primary response Secondary response 40 Days after exposure to antigen Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

49. Practical Classification of Immunity

51. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. B cell Plasma cell Mast cell IgE receptor Granule (a) 1 2 3 5 4 Allergen Allergen Allergic reaction Histamine and other chemicals Mast cell releases allergy mediators Subsequent contact with allergen Antibodies attach to mast cell Released IgE antibodies Initial B cell contact with allergen Plasma cell secretes antibodies

56. 16.1 Clinical Application Immunity Breakdown: AIDS

60. Quiz 16 Complete Quiz 16 now! Read Chapter 17.