Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved upon it. The telegraph was also known as the "talking wire". Major railroad lines were concentrated in cities like New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago in the 1850s, helping the northern economy expand, though early railroads faced difficulties like accidents from weak bridges and roadbeds. Farm machinery like McCormick's reaper and inventions like the telegraph boosted northern industrialization.

2. Industry in the North

3. Industry in the North
By: Michael DeStefano, Jameson Hensen, and
Ryan Dearie
Main Idea: As the northern economy grew, new
inventions and faster transportation changed the way
goods were manufactured and shipped

4. Table of Contents

5. Table of Contents
*New Inventions
*Farm Machines
*The Telegraph
*The First Railroads
*Early Difficulties
*A Railroad Boom
*Yankee Clippers
*The Northern Economy Expands
*Quiz
*Quiz (Continued)
*Homework

6. New Inventions

7. New Inventions
A barrage of new inventions were brought to the
north in the 1800s.Visitors from of other countries
even exclaimed that their is not a northern laborer has
not invented a tool or machine. A man named Elias
Howe invented the sewing machine in 1846. Isaac
Singer made improvement on Howe’s sewing machine
only a few years later. After sewing machines were able
to be purchased by clothing makers, the shirt making
processed became quicker and more efficient.

8. Farm Machines

9. Farm Machines
In 1825, the manufacturing of an iron plow with interchangeable
parts began by the inventor Jethro Wood. Later, John Deere improved
on the plow when he added a lightweight steel plow, instead of
heavyweight plows that had to be tugged with slow-moving oxen.
Inventions such as these made work for farmers much easier. One
machine known as the McCormick’s Reaper mowed wheat and other
crops to reduce manual labor. This horse-drawn machine could do the
work of five people using hand tools.
Other farming machines such as the mechanical drill, a threshing
machine, and a horse-drawn hay rake helped farmers use fewer hands
to raise grain. Therefore, farmworkers traveled west to settle their own
farms or traveled north to find jobs in factory cities.

10. The Telegraph

11. The Telegraph
The telegraph1, also known as the “talking wire”, sent a code, which was
made up of dashes, dots, and spaces. This code, called Morse Code, was
named after Samuel F.B. Morse, for whom received a patent for this new
invention. Morse set up a wire on May 24th, 1844, from the Supreme Court
Chamber in Washington D.C. to Baltimore, to try this new invention. He
typed in a short message and received one back from the operator in
Baltimore in just a few seconds. This task was successful with the help of
Congress, who gave funds to pay for the expenses.
The telegraph was an instant success helping news and information on
trade to travel quicker, also helping businesses to thrive. Soon telegraph
companies sprang up across the nation. Thousands of miles of wire spread
across the United States.
1. Telegraph- A device that sent electrical signals along a wire.

12. The First Railroads

13. The First Railroads
First built in the early 1800s, railroads were used to
provide transportation to canals. Railroads soon became
more practical, and were slowly used for more advanced
transportation. Railroads that originally used animals to pull
their cars, became steam-powered locomotive2. This
steam-powered engine was known as the Rocket, and had
the ability to travel 30 miles per hour.
2. Locomotive - engine that pulls a railroad train

14. Early Difficulties

15. Early Difficulties
At first there was difficulties, for not all Americans favored the
idea of new railroads. People who worked the wagons on the old
trains and people who invest in canals thought it was competition
for losing their investments. Also, they were not always safe
because of the risk of breaking down. They were also fire hazards
because of the burning embers that the smokestacks produced.
Accidents were often caused by weak grounds that trains traveled
on, and sometimes only one track was set, calling for many head on
collisions.

16. A Railroad Boom

17. A Railroad Boom
Slowly, improvements were made that made the use of
railroads faster and much safer. Sturdier bridges and more
reliable, solid road beds were created by engineers. Iron rails
began to replace the jobs done by wooden rails, and nearly all
problems and obstacles were removed by railroad builders.
Railroads were present all over the country by the 1850s.
Major railroad centers sprang up including New York,
Cincinnati, and Chicago. These major lines and cities were
found primarily in the North and West. The south region of
the U.S. had much less tracks than the other areas.

18. Yankee Clippers

19. Yankee Clippers
As the railroad population increased in the United States, so did commerce,
both within the states and between other nations. In the Northeast seaports,
captains loaded their ships and sailed all over the world. An element important
to sea trade was speed. One man, John Griffiths, even launched one of the
clipper ships3 , the Rainbow in 1845, which was built for clipping swiftly across
the seas. Clipper ships such as the Rainbow, broke every speed-related record
in the 1840s. One clipper only took 81 days to make a trip from New York to
China that usually took 5 months. Overall, the clipper’s speed helped the U.S.
win a gigantic part of the world’s sea-trade from the 1840s to the 1850s.
The golden age of the clipper ships did not last long though. Iron ships came
to be in Britain later in the 1800s.These vessels carried more goods and glided
over the ocean even faster than American clippers. Still, yankee clippers
revolutionized over sea-trading throughout the world.
3. Clipper Ships- sleek vessels that had tall masts and huge sails that caught every gust of wind to clip
swiftly through the water.

20. The Northern Economy
Expands

21. The Northern Economy
Expands
Another industrial expansion in America at the time was the use of steam power
instead of water power. Factory machines that ran on steam were very powerful, and
cheaper to run. Plus, with the use of steam power, factories did not always have to be
built along smooth rivers.They could be put virtually anywhere! In addition, newer
machinery gave the Americans the chance to produce more goods for a price lower
than normal.This changed life in many homes as families began to but factory made
clothes instead of making them.
Railroads were also beneficial because factory owners were able to deliver large
sums of raw materials and finished products fast, easy, and cheap. Also, these tracks
linked factories and cities with other distant areas.These areas became home to
several new markets for factory goods. Railroad growth even affected farming in the
North. Railroads brought cheap goods to New England from the Western states. Also,
farmers in New England were unable to compete with the new food source. As a
result, these farmers left their homes to work in factories, stores, and even boats.

22. Quiz

23. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?

24. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.

25. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.

26. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?

27. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.

28. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.

29. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.

30. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.

31. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.

32. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.

33. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down

34. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.

35. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.

36. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.

37. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.

38. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.
1) New York

39. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.
1) New York
2) Cincinnati

40. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.
1) New York
2) Cincinnati
3) Chicago

41. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.
1) New York
2) Cincinnati
3) Chicago

42. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.
1) New York
2) Cincinnati
3) Chicago
5. What was the key to a successful sea trade?

43. Quiz
1. Who patented the sewing machine, and who improved in his/her idea?
Elias Howe patented the sewing machine, and Isaac Singer improved on the idea.
2. The telegraph was also known as the _______?
This device was also known as the “talking wire”.
3. Name three difficulties and hazards of the first railroads.
1) Workers who moved freight on horse-drawn wagons had the fear of losing their jobs.
2) Investors in canals worried railroad competition might cause loss of investments.
3) Soft roadbeds and weak bridges led to accidents.
4) Locomotives broke down
5) Smokestacks could go on fire.
6) Sometimes, one way tracks would lead to collisions.
4. Name two cities in which major lines were concentrated.
1) New York
2) Cincinnati
3) Chicago
5. What was the key to a successful sea trade?
The vital key to successful sea trading was speed.

44. Quiz (Continued)

45. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?

46. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.

47. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.

48. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.
7. By the 1830s, factories used _____ power instead of water power.

49. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.
7. By the 1830s, factories used _____ power instead of water power.
Factories began using steam power.

50. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.
7. By the 1830s, factories used _____ power instead of water power.
Factories began using steam power.

51. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.
7. By the 1830s, factories used _____ power instead of water power.
Factories began using steam power.
8. How did the growth of railroads effect northern farming?

52. Quiz (Continued)
6. Who launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships?
John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first of the clipper ships.
7. By the 1830s, factories used _____ power instead of water power.
Factories began using steam power.
8. How did the growth of railroads effect northern farming?
New England farmers could not compete with the new source of cheap
foods, so many people left their farms to obtain new jobs as factory
workers, store workers, and jobs on boats.

53. Homework

54. Homework
Read Pages 408 - 411
Do questions 1-5
On page 411