Students are given notes from pages 17 and 19 of their interactive notebook to supplement with relevant information from slides not already included. They must complete their student pages by writing a summary and adding an illustration related to the summary. The document then provides slides on the Texas Revolution and war with Mexico, describing conflicts between American settlers and the Mexican government that led Texas to revolt and the U.S. to gain territory after victory in the Mexican-American War.
Mexican American War Essay
Mexican American War
The Mexican War Essay
The Mexican-American War Essay
Mexican American War Essay
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Ch 13THE IMPENDING CRISIS· LOOKING WESTWARD· EXPANSION AND WMaximaSheffield592
Ch 13
THE IMPENDING CRISIS
· LOOKING WESTWARD
· EXPANSION AND WAR
· THE SECTIONAL DEBATE
· THE CRISES OF THE 1850s
LOOKING AHEAD
1. How did the annexation of western territories intensify the conflict over slavery and lead to deeper divisions between the North and the South?
2. What compromises attempted to resolve the conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new territories? To what degree were these compromises successful? Why did they eventually fail to resolve the differences between the North and the South?
3. What were the major arguments for and against slavery and its expansion into new territories?
UNTIL THE 1840s, POLITICAL TENSIONS between the North and the South remained relatively contained and, other than African American writers and clerics, few predicted that sectional tensions could ever lead the country into a civil war.
But midcentury brought a rash of explosive issues that politicians struggled—and ultimately failed—to resolve peacefully. In the North the abolitionist movement picked up steam and inspired legions of supporters, the most aggressive of whom sought to fight slavery with the sword as well as the pen. The South birthed a generation of militant pro-slavery spokesmen who brooked no compromise over a state’s right to embrace slavery and the society based on it. From the West emerged raging controversies over the political fate of the territories and whether they would enter the Union as either slave or free states. Partisans recruited sympathizers from across the nation and even took up arms to win their point.LOOKING WESTWARD
More than a million square miles of new territory came under the control of the United States during the 1840s. By the end of the decade, the nation possessed all the territory of the present-day United States except Alaska, Hawaii, and a few relatively small areas acquired later through border adjustments. Many factors accounted for this great new wave of expansion, but one of the most important was an ideology known as Manifest Destiny.
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny reflected both the growing pride that characterized American nationalism in the mid-nineteenth century and the idealistic vision of social perfection that fueled so much of the reform energy of the time. It rested on the idea that America was destined—by God and by history—to expand its boundaries over a vast area.
By the 1840s, publicized by the rise of inexpensive newspapers dubbed “penny press,” the idea of Manifest Destiny had spread throughout the nation. Some advocates of Manifest Destiny envisioned a vast new “empire of liberty” that would include Canada, Mexico, Caribbean and Pacific islands, and ultimately (for the most ardent believers) much of the rest of the world. Countering such bombast were politicians such as Henry Clay and others, who warned that territorial expansion would reopen the painful controversy over slavery. Their voices, however, could not compete with the enthusiasm over expansion in the 18 ...
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
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Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
TESDA TM1 REVIEWER FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT WRITTEN AND ORAL QUESTIONS WITH A...
Chapter 13 section 2 and 3
1. Completing pages 16-19Completing pages 16-19
of the Interactiveof the Interactive
NotebookNotebook
Students are given notes that areStudents are given notes that are
pages 17 and 19 and supplement thempages 17 and 19 and supplement them
with any pertinent information from thewith any pertinent information from the
following slides that are not alreadyfollowing slides that are not already
listed. Not all of the information on thelisted. Not all of the information on the
slides is crucial.slides is crucial.
The Student Pages are completed byThe Student Pages are completed by
having a summary similar to thehaving a summary similar to the
summary of Cornell Notes and ansummary of Cornell Notes and an
illustration that relates to the summary.illustration that relates to the summary.
Slides are chunked together asSlides are chunked together as
numbered on the sheets given out innumbered on the sheets given out in
class.class.
2. The Texas Revolution (Sec. 2)
Main idea:
– Conflicts between
American settlers and
the government of
Mexico led Texas to
revolt and win
independence from
Mexico in 1836.
3. Changes in Spanish Texas
Key Question: How did American
settlers cause problems in Texas?
Tejas – present day Texas
– Lush forests
– Plains
– Rich soil
People of Spanish
heritage were called
Tejanos
4. American Settlers in Texas
Empresarios
– Spanish government granted
these people land in Tejas
– People who agreed to find
settlers for the land
Stephen F. Austin
– American Dream was to
establish a colony in Spanish
Texas
5. Rising Tensions in Texas
Americans resented Mexican laws
Some of these laws included:
– Settlers to become members of the Roman
Catholic Church
– Pay taxes to Mexican government
– Slavery was outlawed
– Closed its borders to new American settlers
American settlers were unwilling to adapt
to these laws.
What does this lead to?
6. Texas Revolution
Key Question: What
events led to Texas’
independence from
Mexico?
Primary Cause:
Differences over
citizenship, policies,
and laws set forth by
the Mexican
President Santa Anna
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
(Mexican President)
7. War Begins
Texans wanted to be a self-
governing state within Mexico
Santa Anna jailed Steven
Austin for almost a year for
advocating Texas
independence
Texans declare
independence (March of
1836) and place Sam
Houston in charge of the
Army
Sam Houston
(Texas Army)
8. Battle of The AlamoBattle of The Alamo
Battle of the Alamo (along
Mexican Supply route)
– Americans HEAVILY
outnumbered- Led by William
Travis, Former Congressman
Davy Crockett and Frontiersman
Jim Bowie
– Texans held off the Mexican Army
for almost two weeks
– Mexican Victory
– Almost all died in the fight and the
survivors were executed
– Bought valuable time for Houston
to gather and army
The Alamo
9. Victory at San Jacinto
“Remember
the Alamo!”
and
“Remember
Goliad!”
(Goliad was
similar to the
Alamo) – this
became the
battle cry
In just 18 minutes, the Texans led by Sam
Houston killed more than half of the Mexican
army.
Significance: Texas became an independent
nation
11. Republic of Texas
Nicknamed the Lone Star
Republic
Sam Houston elected
president
Texas asked Congress to
annex Texas to the Union
Congress voted against
annexation-it would have
thrown off the Free/Slave
balance in the Congress
Lone Star Republic flag
12. The War with Mexico (Sec.
3)
Main Idea: Victory in a
war with Mexico allowed
Americans to expand the
nation across the continent.
President James K.
Polk
– Governor of Tennessee
– “Dark Horse” in 1844 election
– 11th
president of the U.S.
– Committed to national
expansion
13. Americans Support Manifest
Destiny
This was bound to happen – even if it meant
pushing Mexicans and Native Americans out
of the way
Many Americans felt it was fate or “God’s plan”
to expand the U.S. across the continent from
ocean to ocean
14. Primary Source Quote
“Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread the
continent allotted [given] by Providence
[God] for the free development of our
yearly multiplying millions.”
- John O’Sullivan, the Annals of America,
Vol 7
15. Troubles with Mexico
In 1845, Congress annexed Texas as a
slave state.
This caused an imbalance in the free and
slave states.
Mexico still claimed Texas as its own and
would not accept payment of $30 Million
Mexico viewed this annexation as an act
of war.
Mexicans and Texans had border disputes
(Rio Grande River and Nueces River)
16. The Republic of California
And Now for Something
Completely Different!
Bear Flag Revolt
– General John C. Frémont led
American rebels.
– They easily defeated the few
Mexican troops declared
independence from Mexico.
– California Republic formed in
June 1846
– Republic only lasted a month
before being claimed by the US
This all takes
place before the
official war with
Mexico
17. The War with Mexico
Polk sent General
Zachary Taylor led troops
into the disputed territory
hoping to cause war. Mexico
attacks.
General Stephen Kearny
captured New Mexico without
firing a shot by taking his
troops down the Santa Fe trail
and occupying Santa Fe (the
capitol of “New Mexico”
18. The Fighting in Mexico
General (and future
President) Taylor’s troops
(4,800) defeated Santa
Anna’s troops (15,000) in
Monterrey in northern
Mexico
General Winfield Scott
defeated the Mexicans at
Mexico City 1848 within 6
months of invading
Veracruz
He forces the signing of the
Treaty of Guadalupe
“Grand Old Man of the Army”
19. Impact of Victory
Manifest Destiny is complete.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
– Recognized that Texas was part of the U.S.
– Agreed to the Rio Grande as the border
between the two nations
– Gave up a vast region known as Mexican
cession – including Texas – amounting to
almost one-half of present-day Mexico (more
than 500,000 sq. mi)
21. Culturally Diverse
American settlers and Mexicans merged
and shared culture.
Some Mexicans taught new settlers how
to develop the land for farming, ranching
and mining.
A rich new culture resulted from the blend
of many cultures.
22. Gadsden Purchase
Mexicans sold one
last strip of land to the
United States for $10
million.
Now part of New
Mexico and Arizona
U.S. wanted this land
for a southern
transcontinental
railroad
