The document summarizes the history of the war in Vietnam, beginning with the French war in Indochina from 1946-1954. It then discusses growing U.S. involvement and support for South Vietnam starting in the 1950s due to fears of communist expansion (the Domino Theory). Despite escalating U.S. military involvement and bombing campaigns in the 1960s under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, the Vietnam War became a protracted guerilla conflict with no clear victory for U.S. forces. By the late 1960s, over 500,000 U.S. troops were engaged in Vietnam in a war that resulted in over 58,000 U.S. soldier deaths.
A brief history about Vietnam, Vietnam War and about Ho Chi Min. present econ...Swaraj Mishra
This PPT show about the Vietnam history including the timeline from its time of origin to the after independence and also the 21st century. It includes the culture and demographics of Vietnam. Here you can find also the world war 2 situations in Vietnam, civil war and about their great leader Ho Chi Min. The economy of Vietnam compare to India. Vietnam political leaders and their government structure. The PPT includes the geographical significance of Vietnam and recent events.
A brief history about Vietnam, Vietnam War and about Ho Chi Min. present econ...Swaraj Mishra
This PPT show about the Vietnam history including the timeline from its time of origin to the after independence and also the 21st century. It includes the culture and demographics of Vietnam. Here you can find also the world war 2 situations in Vietnam, civil war and about their great leader Ho Chi Min. The economy of Vietnam compare to India. Vietnam political leaders and their government structure. The PPT includes the geographical significance of Vietnam and recent events.
Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam WarHasan Mohammad
Australia's military involvement in the Vietnam War was the longest in duration of any war in Australia's history.
The arrival of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) in South Vietnam during July and August 1962 was the beginning of Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. Australia's participation in the war was formally declared at an end when the Governor-General issued a proclamation on 11 January 1973. The only combat troops remaining in Vietnam were a platoon guarding the Australian embassy in Saigon, which was withdrawn in June 1973.
The Australian commitment consisted predominantly of army personnel, but significant numbers of air force and navy personnel and some civilians also took part.
What the video at httpswww.youtube.comwatchv=XgW0o-Ui94k and a.docxtwilacrt6k5
What the video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgW0o-Ui94k and answer the questions below based upon your understanding of the war and the content of the video.
1. Why did the French request assistance from the United States in Southeast Asia?
2. How is the Domino Theory related to the containment policy?
3. How did President Kennedy attempt to stop the expansion of communism into Vietnam?
4. After which event did President Johnson dramatically increase the number of US troops deployed to Vietnam?
a. Why do historians call into questions President Johnson’s justification for sending more troops to Vietman?
5. Who advocated the policy of Vietnamization? Why did this policy fail?
6. How did the Vietnam conflict end?
The Cold War in Vietnam
Vietnam Before US Intervention Previous
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been a French colony since the late 19th century. During World War II, however, Japan occupied French Indochina. After Japan's defeat, France tried to re-establish control, but met opposition from the Viet Minh.
After World War II, neither France nor England wanted to see the end of their colonial empires. England was anxious to control Burma, Malaya, and India. France wanted to rule Indochina. Under Franklin Roosevelt, the United States sought to bring an end to European colonialism. As he put it, condescendingly: “There are 1.1 billion brown people. In many Eastern countries they are ruled by a handful of whites and they resent it. Our goal must be to help them achieve independence. 1.1 billion potential enemies are dangerous.”
But under Harry Truman, the United States was concerned about its naval and air bases in Asia. The U.S. decided to permit France into Indochina to re-assert its authority in Southeast Asia. The result: the French Indochina War began.
From the beginning, American intelligence officers knew that France would find it difficult to re-assert its authority in Indochina. The French refused to listen to American intelligence. To them, the idea of Asian rebels standing up to a powerful Western nation was preposterous.
Although Truman allowed the French to return to Indochina, he was not yet prepared to give the French arms, transportation, and economic assistance. It was not until anti-communism became a major issue that the United States would take an active role supporting the French. The fall of China, the Korean War, and the coming of Joe McCarthy would lead policymakers to see the French War in Vietnam, not as a colonial war, but as a war against international communism.
Beginning in 1950, the United States started to underwrite the French war effort. For four years, the United State.
What the video at httpswww.youtube.comwatchv=XgW0o-Ui94k a.docxtwilacrt6k5
What the video at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgW0o-Ui94k
and answer the questions below based upon your understanding of the war and the content of the video.
1.
Why did the French request assistance from the United States in Southeast Asia?
2.
How is the Domino Theory related to the containment policy?
3.
How did President Kennedy attempt to stop the expansion of communism into Vietnam?
4.
After which event did President Johnson dramatically increase the number of US troops deployed to Vietnam?
a.
Why do historians call into questions President Johnson’s justification for sending more troops to Vietman?
5.
Who advocated the policy of Vietnamization?
Why did this policy fail?
6.
How did the Vietnam conflict end?
The Cold War in Vietnam
Vietnam Before US Intervention Previous
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been a French colony since the late 19th century. During World War II, however, Japan occupied French Indochina. After Japan's defeat, France tried to re-establish control, but met opposition from the Viet Minh.
After World War II, neither France nor England wanted to see the end of their colonial empires. England was anxious to control Burma, Malaya, and India. France wanted to rule Indochina. Under Franklin Roosevelt, the United States sought to bring an end to European colonialism. As he put it, condescendingly: “There are 1.1 billion brown people. In many Eastern countries they are ruled by a handful of whites and they resent it. Our goal must be to help them achieve independence. 1.1 billion potential enemies are dangerous.”
But under Harry Truman, the United States was concerned about its naval and air bases in Asia. The U.S. decided to permit France into Indochina to re-assert its authority in Southeast Asia. The result: the French Indochina War began.
From the beginning, American intelligence officers knew that France would find it difficult to re-assert its authority in Indochina. The French refused to listen to American intelligence. To them, the idea of Asian rebels standing up to a powerful Western nation was preposterous.
Although Truman allowed the French to return to Indochina, he was not yet prepared to give the French arms, transportation, and economic assistance. It was not until anti-communism became a major issue that the United States would take an active role supporting the French. The fall of China, the Korean War, and the coming of Joe McCarthy would lead policymakers to see the French War in Vietnam, not as a colonial war, but as a war against international communism.
Beginning in 1950, the United States started to underwrite the French war effort. For four years, the United States provided $2 billion; however, this had little effect on the war. The French command, frustrated by a hit-and-run guerrilla war, devised a trap. The idea was to use a French garrison as bait, have the enemy surround it, and mass their forces. Then, the French would strike and .
Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam WarHasan Mohammad
Australia's military involvement in the Vietnam War was the longest in duration of any war in Australia's history.
The arrival of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam (AATTV) in South Vietnam during July and August 1962 was the beginning of Australia's involvement in the Vietnam War. Australia's participation in the war was formally declared at an end when the Governor-General issued a proclamation on 11 January 1973. The only combat troops remaining in Vietnam were a platoon guarding the Australian embassy in Saigon, which was withdrawn in June 1973.
The Australian commitment consisted predominantly of army personnel, but significant numbers of air force and navy personnel and some civilians also took part.
What the video at httpswww.youtube.comwatchv=XgW0o-Ui94k and a.docxtwilacrt6k5
What the video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgW0o-Ui94k and answer the questions below based upon your understanding of the war and the content of the video.
1. Why did the French request assistance from the United States in Southeast Asia?
2. How is the Domino Theory related to the containment policy?
3. How did President Kennedy attempt to stop the expansion of communism into Vietnam?
4. After which event did President Johnson dramatically increase the number of US troops deployed to Vietnam?
a. Why do historians call into questions President Johnson’s justification for sending more troops to Vietman?
5. Who advocated the policy of Vietnamization? Why did this policy fail?
6. How did the Vietnam conflict end?
The Cold War in Vietnam
Vietnam Before US Intervention Previous
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been a French colony since the late 19th century. During World War II, however, Japan occupied French Indochina. After Japan's defeat, France tried to re-establish control, but met opposition from the Viet Minh.
After World War II, neither France nor England wanted to see the end of their colonial empires. England was anxious to control Burma, Malaya, and India. France wanted to rule Indochina. Under Franklin Roosevelt, the United States sought to bring an end to European colonialism. As he put it, condescendingly: “There are 1.1 billion brown people. In many Eastern countries they are ruled by a handful of whites and they resent it. Our goal must be to help them achieve independence. 1.1 billion potential enemies are dangerous.”
But under Harry Truman, the United States was concerned about its naval and air bases in Asia. The U.S. decided to permit France into Indochina to re-assert its authority in Southeast Asia. The result: the French Indochina War began.
From the beginning, American intelligence officers knew that France would find it difficult to re-assert its authority in Indochina. The French refused to listen to American intelligence. To them, the idea of Asian rebels standing up to a powerful Western nation was preposterous.
Although Truman allowed the French to return to Indochina, he was not yet prepared to give the French arms, transportation, and economic assistance. It was not until anti-communism became a major issue that the United States would take an active role supporting the French. The fall of China, the Korean War, and the coming of Joe McCarthy would lead policymakers to see the French War in Vietnam, not as a colonial war, but as a war against international communism.
Beginning in 1950, the United States started to underwrite the French war effort. For four years, the United State.
What the video at httpswww.youtube.comwatchv=XgW0o-Ui94k a.docxtwilacrt6k5
What the video at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgW0o-Ui94k
and answer the questions below based upon your understanding of the war and the content of the video.
1.
Why did the French request assistance from the United States in Southeast Asia?
2.
How is the Domino Theory related to the containment policy?
3.
How did President Kennedy attempt to stop the expansion of communism into Vietnam?
4.
After which event did President Johnson dramatically increase the number of US troops deployed to Vietnam?
a.
Why do historians call into questions President Johnson’s justification for sending more troops to Vietman?
5.
Who advocated the policy of Vietnamization?
Why did this policy fail?
6.
How did the Vietnam conflict end?
The Cold War in Vietnam
Vietnam Before US Intervention Previous
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been a French colony since the late 19th century. During World War II, however, Japan occupied French Indochina. After Japan's defeat, France tried to re-establish control, but met opposition from the Viet Minh.
After World War II, neither France nor England wanted to see the end of their colonial empires. England was anxious to control Burma, Malaya, and India. France wanted to rule Indochina. Under Franklin Roosevelt, the United States sought to bring an end to European colonialism. As he put it, condescendingly: “There are 1.1 billion brown people. In many Eastern countries they are ruled by a handful of whites and they resent it. Our goal must be to help them achieve independence. 1.1 billion potential enemies are dangerous.”
But under Harry Truman, the United States was concerned about its naval and air bases in Asia. The U.S. decided to permit France into Indochina to re-assert its authority in Southeast Asia. The result: the French Indochina War began.
From the beginning, American intelligence officers knew that France would find it difficult to re-assert its authority in Indochina. The French refused to listen to American intelligence. To them, the idea of Asian rebels standing up to a powerful Western nation was preposterous.
Although Truman allowed the French to return to Indochina, he was not yet prepared to give the French arms, transportation, and economic assistance. It was not until anti-communism became a major issue that the United States would take an active role supporting the French. The fall of China, the Korean War, and the coming of Joe McCarthy would lead policymakers to see the French War in Vietnam, not as a colonial war, but as a war against international communism.
Beginning in 1950, the United States started to underwrite the French war effort. For four years, the United States provided $2 billion; however, this had little effect on the war. The French command, frustrated by a hit-and-run guerrilla war, devised a trap. The idea was to use a French garrison as bait, have the enemy surround it, and mass their forces. Then, the French would strike and .
Vietnam war for Cambridge IGCSE HistoryJoanie Yeung
Introduction of Vietcong, Why did USA get involved in Vietnam? Why did USA fail to defeat the Vietcong? What were the roles played by the media and public opinion in USA? How did the Vietnam War end?
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
2. War in Southeast Asia
A.The French War in Indochina
At the end of WWII Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh (the Vietnamese
nationalist force) took over the capital of Hanoi and declared Vietnam
independent .
3. The French War in Indochina
French were unwilling to give up their claims in Indochina because of the
valuable resources like tin, rubber, and rice.
Faced a formidable foe in Ho and the Vietminh who did not want foreign
rule.
War broke out in November 1946 when a French ship shelled Haiphong.
French controlled most of the cities and the Vietminh retreated into the
countryside.
Vietminh practiced guerilla warfare.
4. U.S. Support for the French
1950 – Truman agreed to send $20 million to the French
Practices the policy of containment – opposing communism wherever it
appeared in an effort to “contain” its spread.
Over the next 4 years, the U.S. gave
more than $2.6 billion to the French.
5. The End of French Rule
In May 1954 the Vietminh overran Dien Bien Phu and it ended French
control of Vietnam.
In 1956, representatives from the U.S., France, Great Britain, the Soviet
Union, China, Laos, Cambodia, and the Vietminh agreed that Vietnam
would be divided at the 17th parallel and then reunified in 1956 after
national elections.
6. B. The U.S. Enters the War
The U.S. did not sign the agreement for fear that if South Vietnam
became communist, other nations of SE Asia would do likewise (the
Domino Theory)
7. The Diem Regime
U.S. hoped Ngo Dinh Diem would be the savior of South Vietnam.
He was a:
Nationalist
Anti-communist
Aloof man
Autocratic rule who refused to weaken the ruling class, thereby
infuriating the peasants. $4 of every $5 the U.S. sent was spent on the
military
8. Civil War
1957 - Diem cancels elections with U.S. support.
Held a referendum in South Vietnam - claimed 98% approval.
In Saigon he claimed 605,000 votes - even thoug there were only
405,000 registered voters.;
Discontent among the peasants with Diem made it easy for Vietminh to
gain support in South Vietnam.
Vietminh and other groups in South Vietnam who
oppose Diem form the National Liberation Front
(the Vietcong).
He had close ties with Ho Chi Minh, China, and the Soviet
Union.
9. The Kennedy Years
Kennedy expands the U.S. role in Vietnam
Sends advisers and money
Instead of using the money for schools, hospitals, and land, reform
Diem pads the pockets of corrupt Saigon officials.
No significant military victories over the Vietcong
10. 4. The Overthrow of Diem
May 8, 1963 - Buddhists gathered to protest a government ruling
forbidding the display of Buddhist flags and government troops fired on
them
A month later a Buddhist monk immolated himself in protest of the Diem
regime
Nov. 1, 1963 - South Vietnamese army officers seized control of the
governments and in the process Diem was killed
11. Johnson’s War
Johnson did not want Vietnam to fall to
communism like China
Surrounded himself with JFK’s foreign policy
team (Sec. of State Dean Rusk, Sec. of Defense
Robert McNamara, and NSA McGeorge Bundy
12. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
August, 1965 – LBJ announced N. Vietnamese
torpedo boats had attacked two U.S. destroyers
patrolling in the Gulf of Tonkin
Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-
Gave LBJ the authority to “take all necessary measures to repel any
armed attack against the forces of the United States and to prevent
further aggression.”
LBJ failed to tell the public that American warships had been helping
South Vietnamese commandos raid 2 North Vietnam islands the night of
the attacks.
13. Operation Rolling Thunder
Feb. 1965, VC forces attacked a U.S. military base at Pleiku, South
Vietnam killing eight Americans.
LBJ orders bombing of major bases, roadways, and railways including
the “Ho Chi Minh Trail” (a supply line of dirt roads and
trails which supplies flowed from North Vietnam
through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam.
14. U.S. Troops in Vietnam
By the end of 1965, more than 180,000 Americans were in South
Vietnam.
By the end of 1967, nearly 500,000 soldiers had been sent to Vietnam.
15. Fighting the War
At first, Americans were very optimistic of ending the war quickly.
High VC body counts led many to believe the U.S. was winning the war.
Underestimated the VC and North Vietnamese allies.
“You can kill 10 of my mentors for every one I kill of yours, but even at
those odds, you will lose and I will win.” - Ho Chi Minh.
16. The Air War
Bombing resulted fewer lives than ground combat so the U.S. relied
heavy on air power. There were 108,000 bombing raids in 1967.
Bomb targets were roads, railways, factories, and homes in South
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
By 1967 the U.S. had dropped more bombs on Vietnam than the Allies
dropped during WWII.
To evade the bombs, the VC developed an extensive network of
underground tunnels.
17. The Underground and Ground
War
Lower Tunnel Trenches , Upper Trenches , Underwater entrances, and
concealed entrances under cooking pots were the hiding places of the
Vietnamese villagers.
Miserable conditions, suffocating heat, mosquitoes, leeches, etc.
Muddy trails
“Bouncing Betties”
Farmers by day, VC by night - did not know who the enemy was.
18. Guerilla Tactics
Vietnamese avoided open battles.
Ambushes, hit-and-run raids, sabotage.
VietCong had 2 advantages over the soldiers, they knew the terrain
support of the peasants who supplied them with food, shelter, and
intelligence.
Pacification program – uprooting entire villages and forcing the
people to move to cities or refugee camps surrounded by barbed
wire and then the troops burned the fields and empty villages.
Upsetting the peasants
Troops also tried development projects where they offered medical
care and farming advice. But it was too little, too late.
19. Endless War
The Vietnam War was the longest war in
U.S, history
More that 58,000 people were killed
300,000 wounded
14,000 disabled
800,000 Vietnam Veterans having “severe”
problems of readjustment.
20. Public Opinion and Cultural Facts
In Vietnam over 2,000,000 people died
4,000,000 were wounded
10,000,000 displaced from their homes
76% of men sent to Vietnam were lower and
middle class.
Most men were drafted/Few enlisted.
The average age of soldiers was19.