Chapter 13 And 15 Fluid Electrolytes Basics
•Download as PPT, PDF•
7 likes•3,086 views
This document discusses fluid compartments and movement in the body, including intracellular and extracellular fluid, filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. It also summarizes key electrolytes like sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and chloride, outlining their normal levels and functions in the body. Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance is important for various physiological processes and requires regulation by multiple organ systems.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Fluid Compartments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
fluid and electrolyte
The document provides information on fluids and electrolytes in the body. It discusses key terms like osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. It describes the fluid compartments of intracellular and extracellular space. The major electrolytes in body fluids are sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Homeostatic mechanisms precisely regulate fluid and electrolyte balance through various organs and hormones. Disruptions can cause fluid volume deficits or excesses, with associated signs, symptoms, and treatments.
Fluids and Electrolytes Imbalance and Management
The document discusses concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers topics like electrolytes, measurement units used, body fluid compartments, factors that influence fluid movement, types of fluid volume deficits and excesses, and interventions for restoring balance. Specifically, it defines electrolytes and explains how they dissociate in solution. It also outlines the key fluid compartments and forces like diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and hydrostatic pressure that govern fluid movement between compartments.
Electrolyte imbalance
The document discusses electrolyte imbalances in the human body. It begins by describing the distribution of body fluids between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). It then discusses the major electrolytes - sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and bicarbonate - and how they are regulated. Specific electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia and their causes and symptoms are then outlined. The document concludes by briefly mentioning fluid disturbances like hypochloremia and hyperchloremia.
Fluids And Electrolytes
This document provides an overview of fluids and electrolytes in the human body. It discusses several key points:
- Water comprises 60-70% of total body weight and plays important roles in transport, metabolism, and maintaining homeostasis.
- Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are important for cellular function, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance.
- Fluid levels and electrolyte concentrations are tightly regulated and can become imbalanced through various causes, resulting in conditions like dehydration, hyponatremia, or hypokalemia.
- Symptoms of electrolyte imbalances depend on which electrolyte is affected but may include muscle cramps
GMEC - Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in Emergency Nursing
This document provides an overview of fluid and electrolyte imbalances in emergency nursing, focusing on sodium imbalances. It defines electrolytes and explains their importance in bodily functions. Reasons for electrolyte imbalances include kidney dysfunction, dehydration, diarrhea, and medication side effects. The document discusses sodium in detail, including its normal levels, foods high in sodium, and causes and signs of hyponatremia (low sodium). It explains that hyponatremia can be hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic, and provides examples of signs and symptoms for hypovolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia.
Fluids and electrolytes (1)
The document discusses body fluids and electrolytes. It describes the functions of body fluids, including transport of nutrients, waste removal, and temperature regulation. Water is the principal body fluid and makes up 50-70% of total body weight. Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), with ICF making up around 40% of total body water. Factors like fluid intake and output help regulate fluid levels. Disturbances in fluid balance can cause issues like edema, cell dehydration, or cell overhydration. The document also covers electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, their functions, and potential imbalances.
Fluid & Electrolytes Balance
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers key topics like the components of body fluids, fluid compartments, electrolytes, fluid movement through diffusion, osmosis and active transport, causes of fluid shifts, effects of fluid imbalances, edema, and fluid resuscitation approaches.
Body fluid & electrolytes........Dr.Muhammad Anwarul Kabir,FCPS(Medicine)
Body fluid & electrolyte disturbances are one of the critical but commonest problems in our day to day practices.This presentation helps to make a basic ideas dealing with dyselectrolytaemia
Recommended
fluid and electrolyte
The document provides information on fluids and electrolytes in the body. It discusses key terms like osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. It describes the fluid compartments of intracellular and extracellular space. The major electrolytes in body fluids are sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Homeostatic mechanisms precisely regulate fluid and electrolyte balance through various organs and hormones. Disruptions can cause fluid volume deficits or excesses, with associated signs, symptoms, and treatments.
Fluids and Electrolytes Imbalance and Management
The document discusses concepts related to fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers topics like electrolytes, measurement units used, body fluid compartments, factors that influence fluid movement, types of fluid volume deficits and excesses, and interventions for restoring balance. Specifically, it defines electrolytes and explains how they dissociate in solution. It also outlines the key fluid compartments and forces like diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and hydrostatic pressure that govern fluid movement between compartments.
Electrolyte imbalance
The document discusses electrolyte imbalances in the human body. It begins by describing the distribution of body fluids between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF). It then discusses the major electrolytes - sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride and bicarbonate - and how they are regulated. Specific electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia and their causes and symptoms are then outlined. The document concludes by briefly mentioning fluid disturbances like hypochloremia and hyperchloremia.
Fluids And Electrolytes
This document provides an overview of fluids and electrolytes in the human body. It discusses several key points:
- Water comprises 60-70% of total body weight and plays important roles in transport, metabolism, and maintaining homeostasis.
- Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are important for cellular function, nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance.
- Fluid levels and electrolyte concentrations are tightly regulated and can become imbalanced through various causes, resulting in conditions like dehydration, hyponatremia, or hypokalemia.
- Symptoms of electrolyte imbalances depend on which electrolyte is affected but may include muscle cramps
GMEC - Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances in Emergency Nursing
This document provides an overview of fluid and electrolyte imbalances in emergency nursing, focusing on sodium imbalances. It defines electrolytes and explains their importance in bodily functions. Reasons for electrolyte imbalances include kidney dysfunction, dehydration, diarrhea, and medication side effects. The document discusses sodium in detail, including its normal levels, foods high in sodium, and causes and signs of hyponatremia (low sodium). It explains that hyponatremia can be hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic, and provides examples of signs and symptoms for hypovolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia.
Fluids and electrolytes (1)
The document discusses body fluids and electrolytes. It describes the functions of body fluids, including transport of nutrients, waste removal, and temperature regulation. Water is the principal body fluid and makes up 50-70% of total body weight. Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF), with ICF making up around 40% of total body water. Factors like fluid intake and output help regulate fluid levels. Disturbances in fluid balance can cause issues like edema, cell dehydration, or cell overhydration. The document also covers electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, their functions, and potential imbalances.
Fluid & Electrolytes Balance
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers key topics like the components of body fluids, fluid compartments, electrolytes, fluid movement through diffusion, osmosis and active transport, causes of fluid shifts, effects of fluid imbalances, edema, and fluid resuscitation approaches.
Body fluid & electrolytes........Dr.Muhammad Anwarul Kabir,FCPS(Medicine)
Body fluid & electrolyte disturbances are one of the critical but commonest problems in our day to day practices.This presentation helps to make a basic ideas dealing with dyselectrolytaemia
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalance. It begins by describing where body fluids are located, including two-thirds being intracellular fluid and one-third being extracellular fluid. The document then covers the different types of body fluid movement such as osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and active transport. It discusses regulation of electrolytes through fluid intake, hormones, the lymphatic system, and kidneys. Various fluid imbalances are covered like extracellular fluid volume deficit or excess. Clinical manifestations and management of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are also summarized.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
An electrolyte balance occurs when the quantities of electrolytes gained by the body equals the amounts lost. The document discusses various electrolytes including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. It outlines the regulation and imbalance of electrolytes, describing conditions like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia. Symptoms, causes, and normal ranges are provided for different electrolyte imbalances.
Fluid&electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It covers topics like fluid intake and output, water balance, sodium, potassium, calcium and acid-base balance. Key points include:
- Infants and children have higher fluid requirements due to larger surface area and immature kidneys.
- Fluid intake is around 2-3 liters per day for adults, with output through lungs, skin, feces and urine of around 1500ml per day.
- Electrolyte abnormalities can cause various clinical symptoms and need to be treated by correcting underlying causes and restoring electrolyte levels slowly.
- Acid-base balance is maintained through respiratory and renal systems to balance pH, PCO2
Fluid and electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It begins by explaining that about 60% of the adult human body is fluid, with most fluid being intracellular fluid inside cells and about a third being extracellular fluid outside cells. Key points covered include the roles of the kidneys in regulating fluid volume and composition, the various fluid compartments in the body, electrolytes such as sodium and potassium, and the mechanisms of fluid and electrolyte movement including diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and filtration. Daily fluid intake and losses are addressed, as well as hormonal regulation of fluid balance by factors like ADH and aldosterone. Causes and signs of dehydration and fluid volume deficit are also summarized.
Ms.fluid&electrolytes
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the human body. It covers the different fluid compartments, electrolytes, and mechanisms that control fluid and electrolyte movement. Common fluid and electrolyte imbalances like dehydration, edema, and electrolyte disorders are explained along with their causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing management.
5 water & electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. It explains that water makes up 30 liters of body weight and is distributed between intracellular and extracellular spaces. Daily water intake and output are balanced through hormones like ADH and aldosterone. Disturbances can cause hypovolemia or hypervolemia. Hypovolemia results from decreased water intake or increased losses through vomiting or diarrhea. Hypervolemia is caused by excess IV fluid administration or fluid retention in conditions like heart or kidney failure. Electrolyte imbalances like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypokalemia are also discussed along with their causes and treatments.
Fluid And Electrolytes1
This document summarizes fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It discusses total body fluid volumes and water balance, fluid compartments, intravascular fluid volume, movement of body fluids through filtration, osmosis and diffusion, and factors affecting fluid and electrolyte movement like osmotic pressure and tonicity. It also covers electrolytes in the extracellular fluid, sodium regulation, water regulation, manifestations of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and acid-base balance.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
(1) The human body is 50-75% water which is regulated to maintain a constant volume. Water intake and output must be equal to maintain homeostasis. (2) The kidneys, lungs, skin and digestive system are involved in water regulation through urine production, evaporation, perspiration and feces. Disruptions can cause dehydration or water overload. (3) Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium are also tightly regulated by hormones and organ systems to maintain normal blood levels and cellular function. Imbalances can impact nerve and muscle function.
Fluid and electrolyte needs 1
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It explains that water makes up 60% of the average adult's weight and is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids. Intracellular fluid comprises 42% of total body weight and is contained within cells, while extracellular fluid exists outside of cells and includes interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular fluids. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate are vital to body functions and are measured in milliequivalents per liter. Fluids and electrolytes move between compartments through osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and active transport to facilitate processes like tissue oxygenation and acid-base balance.
Fluid and electrolyte balance powepoint
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. It covers several key points:
1) Water makes up 55-60% of adult body weight and is essential for life. Loss of 10% body fluid leads to an 8% weight loss and is serious, while a 20% loss is fatal.
2) Body fluids have several important functions including transport, metabolism, temperature regulation, and lubrication. Fluids move between intracellular and extracellular spaces through mechanisms like osmosis and filtration.
3) The body tightly regulates fluid balance through systems like thirst, vasopressin release, the renin-angiotensin system, and aldosterone. Disruptions can cause fluid volume
Review- Fluids and Electrolytes
The document provides information on fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It discusses that total body water is distributed between muscle (50%), skin (20%), blood (10%), and other organs (20%). The key roles of body fluids include serving as a transport medium, medium for cellular reactions, and thermoregulation. Daily water intake and output are balanced through various factors like the kidney, temperature, and endocrine glands. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate are also discussed in terms of their distribution and important functions in the body.
Fluid &electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers the following key points:
- Approximately 60% of the adult body weight is made up of fluid and electrolytes.
- Fluids are regulated through processes like osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. Key organs like the kidneys, heart, lungs, and endocrine glands help maintain fluid homeostasis.
- Electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are discussed in detail, including their causes, signs/symptoms, and treatment approaches.
- Proper fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for life and is tightly regulated through various physiological mechanisms.
Water and electrolyte
it explains the distribution of water in various compartments. how it is balanced in our body or regulated. with its disorders of water metabolism.
Fluid and-electrolyte report
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers several key points:
- Water makes up about 46-60% of adult body weight and serves various functions like metabolic reactions and temperature regulation.
- Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) which is inside cells, and extracellular fluid (ECF) which is outside cells and further divided into plasma, interstitial, and transcellular fluids.
- Major electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are discussed in terms of their normal levels and implications of deficits or excesses.
- Factors that can disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance like vomiting, diarrhea, sweating are covered, as are
Fluid and electrolyte balance
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the human body. It defines key terms like homeostasis, electrolytes, osmosis, and body water content. It describes the characteristics, functions and normal ranges of important fluids and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. It also discusses electrolyte abnormalities like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia and their potential causes, clinical signs, and treatment approaches.
Fluid and electrolyte imbalnce
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalance. It begins by explaining the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance for human health and function. It then describes the distribution and movement of body fluids between intracellular and extracellular compartments. Key electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are defined. Causes, signs, and treatments of fluid volume excess and deficit as well as electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia and hypernatremia are summarized.
Fluid And Electrolytes
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance and replacement. It covers the body's fluid compartments, composition of body fluids including electrolytes and solutes, kidney function in fluid regulation, hormonal control of fluid balance, causes of fluid imbalances, diagnostic tests, and electrolyte abnormalities including sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium imbalances. Treatment approaches are provided for restoring normal fluid and electrolyte levels.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
This document discusses body fluids and fluid-electrolyte balance. It covers the sources, functions, and composition of body fluids. It describes the mechanisms of fluid movement including osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and filtration. It discusses fluid balance and the regulation of fluid balance, including the roles of thirst, ADH, and the kidneys. It also covers electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium, explaining their balance and potential imbalance disorders like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypokalemia.
38824367 fluids-and-electrolytes
The document discusses fluids and electrolytes in the human body. It explains that 60% of the body's weight is fluid located in two compartments: intracellular and extracellular. The extracellular fluid is further divided. Loss of extracellular fluid into a third space can cause a decrease in urine output. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are discussed. The kidneys and adrenal glands help regulate fluids and electrolytes. Dehydration and overhydration are explained. Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output and are used to treat fluid volume excess. Common types of diuretics include loop diuretics, thiazides, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diure
Fluids And Electrolytes
This document discusses fluid compartments and electrolytes. It notes that total body water varies with age, gender, and body fat percentage. Intracellular fluid makes up 60% of body fluid and is rich in potassium and magnesium, while extracellular fluid is 40% and contains more sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Fluid compartments are regulated by membranes and pressures. Fluid balance is maintained through neutral, positive, or negative balances. The kidneys, lungs, heart, and hormones like aldosterone and ADH help regulate fluids and electrolytes. Disturbances can cause problems like volume depletion, overload, or specific electrolyte disorders.
Fluid and electrolyte balances and imbalances
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance and disturbances. It covers the mechanisms of fluid and electrolyte movement including osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. It then discusses sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate levels and imbalances including causes, clinical manifestations, and nursing interventions for conditions like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia. Food sources of important electrolytes are also provided.
More Related Content
What's hot
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalance. It begins by describing where body fluids are located, including two-thirds being intracellular fluid and one-third being extracellular fluid. The document then covers the different types of body fluid movement such as osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and active transport. It discusses regulation of electrolytes through fluid intake, hormones, the lymphatic system, and kidneys. Various fluid imbalances are covered like extracellular fluid volume deficit or excess. Clinical manifestations and management of fluid and electrolyte imbalances are also summarized.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
An electrolyte balance occurs when the quantities of electrolytes gained by the body equals the amounts lost. The document discusses various electrolytes including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. It outlines the regulation and imbalance of electrolytes, describing conditions like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia. Symptoms, causes, and normal ranges are provided for different electrolyte imbalances.
Fluid&electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It covers topics like fluid intake and output, water balance, sodium, potassium, calcium and acid-base balance. Key points include:
- Infants and children have higher fluid requirements due to larger surface area and immature kidneys.
- Fluid intake is around 2-3 liters per day for adults, with output through lungs, skin, feces and urine of around 1500ml per day.
- Electrolyte abnormalities can cause various clinical symptoms and need to be treated by correcting underlying causes and restoring electrolyte levels slowly.
- Acid-base balance is maintained through respiratory and renal systems to balance pH, PCO2
Fluid and electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It begins by explaining that about 60% of the adult human body is fluid, with most fluid being intracellular fluid inside cells and about a third being extracellular fluid outside cells. Key points covered include the roles of the kidneys in regulating fluid volume and composition, the various fluid compartments in the body, electrolytes such as sodium and potassium, and the mechanisms of fluid and electrolyte movement including diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and filtration. Daily fluid intake and losses are addressed, as well as hormonal regulation of fluid balance by factors like ADH and aldosterone. Causes and signs of dehydration and fluid volume deficit are also summarized.
Ms.fluid&electrolytes
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the human body. It covers the different fluid compartments, electrolytes, and mechanisms that control fluid and electrolyte movement. Common fluid and electrolyte imbalances like dehydration, edema, and electrolyte disorders are explained along with their causes, signs and symptoms, and nursing management.
5 water & electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. It explains that water makes up 30 liters of body weight and is distributed between intracellular and extracellular spaces. Daily water intake and output are balanced through hormones like ADH and aldosterone. Disturbances can cause hypovolemia or hypervolemia. Hypovolemia results from decreased water intake or increased losses through vomiting or diarrhea. Hypervolemia is caused by excess IV fluid administration or fluid retention in conditions like heart or kidney failure. Electrolyte imbalances like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypokalemia are also discussed along with their causes and treatments.
Fluid And Electrolytes1
This document summarizes fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance. It discusses total body fluid volumes and water balance, fluid compartments, intravascular fluid volume, movement of body fluids through filtration, osmosis and diffusion, and factors affecting fluid and electrolyte movement like osmotic pressure and tonicity. It also covers electrolytes in the extracellular fluid, sodium regulation, water regulation, manifestations of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and acid-base balance.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
(1) The human body is 50-75% water which is regulated to maintain a constant volume. Water intake and output must be equal to maintain homeostasis. (2) The kidneys, lungs, skin and digestive system are involved in water regulation through urine production, evaporation, perspiration and feces. Disruptions can cause dehydration or water overload. (3) Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium are also tightly regulated by hormones and organ systems to maintain normal blood levels and cellular function. Imbalances can impact nerve and muscle function.
Fluid and electrolyte needs 1
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It explains that water makes up 60% of the average adult's weight and is divided into intracellular and extracellular fluids. Intracellular fluid comprises 42% of total body weight and is contained within cells, while extracellular fluid exists outside of cells and includes interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular fluids. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and bicarbonate are vital to body functions and are measured in milliequivalents per liter. Fluids and electrolytes move between compartments through osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and active transport to facilitate processes like tissue oxygenation and acid-base balance.
Fluid and electrolyte balance powepoint
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. It covers several key points:
1) Water makes up 55-60% of adult body weight and is essential for life. Loss of 10% body fluid leads to an 8% weight loss and is serious, while a 20% loss is fatal.
2) Body fluids have several important functions including transport, metabolism, temperature regulation, and lubrication. Fluids move between intracellular and extracellular spaces through mechanisms like osmosis and filtration.
3) The body tightly regulates fluid balance through systems like thirst, vasopressin release, the renin-angiotensin system, and aldosterone. Disruptions can cause fluid volume
Review- Fluids and Electrolytes
The document provides information on fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It discusses that total body water is distributed between muscle (50%), skin (20%), blood (10%), and other organs (20%). The key roles of body fluids include serving as a transport medium, medium for cellular reactions, and thermoregulation. Daily water intake and output are balanced through various factors like the kidney, temperature, and endocrine glands. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate are also discussed in terms of their distribution and important functions in the body.
Fluid &electrolyte balance
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers the following key points:
- Approximately 60% of the adult body weight is made up of fluid and electrolytes.
- Fluids are regulated through processes like osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. Key organs like the kidneys, heart, lungs, and endocrine glands help maintain fluid homeostasis.
- Electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia and hyperkalemia are discussed in detail, including their causes, signs/symptoms, and treatment approaches.
- Proper fluid and electrolyte balance is essential for life and is tightly regulated through various physiological mechanisms.
Water and electrolyte
it explains the distribution of water in various compartments. how it is balanced in our body or regulated. with its disorders of water metabolism.
Fluid and-electrolyte report
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It covers several key points:
- Water makes up about 46-60% of adult body weight and serves various functions like metabolic reactions and temperature regulation.
- Body fluids are divided into intracellular fluid (ICF) which is inside cells, and extracellular fluid (ECF) which is outside cells and further divided into plasma, interstitial, and transcellular fluids.
- Major electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride are discussed in terms of their normal levels and implications of deficits or excesses.
- Factors that can disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance like vomiting, diarrhea, sweating are covered, as are
Fluid and electrolyte balance
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in the human body. It defines key terms like homeostasis, electrolytes, osmosis, and body water content. It describes the characteristics, functions and normal ranges of important fluids and electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. It also discusses electrolyte abnormalities like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hyperkalemia and their potential causes, clinical signs, and treatment approaches.
Fluid and electrolyte imbalnce
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalance. It begins by explaining the importance of fluid and electrolyte balance for human health and function. It then describes the distribution and movement of body fluids between intracellular and extracellular compartments. Key electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and calcium are defined. Causes, signs, and treatments of fluid volume excess and deficit as well as electrolyte imbalances like hyponatremia and hypernatremia are summarized.
Fluid And Electrolytes
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance and replacement. It covers the body's fluid compartments, composition of body fluids including electrolytes and solutes, kidney function in fluid regulation, hormonal control of fluid balance, causes of fluid imbalances, diagnostic tests, and electrolyte abnormalities including sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium imbalances. Treatment approaches are provided for restoring normal fluid and electrolyte levels.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
This document discusses body fluids and fluid-electrolyte balance. It covers the sources, functions, and composition of body fluids. It describes the mechanisms of fluid movement including osmosis, diffusion, active transport, and filtration. It discusses fluid balance and the regulation of fluid balance, including the roles of thirst, ADH, and the kidneys. It also covers electrolytes like sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium, explaining their balance and potential imbalance disorders like hypernatremia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypokalemia.
38824367 fluids-and-electrolytes
The document discusses fluids and electrolytes in the human body. It explains that 60% of the body's weight is fluid located in two compartments: intracellular and extracellular. The extracellular fluid is further divided. Loss of extracellular fluid into a third space can cause a decrease in urine output. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are discussed. The kidneys and adrenal glands help regulate fluids and electrolytes. Dehydration and overhydration are explained. Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output and are used to treat fluid volume excess. Common types of diuretics include loop diuretics, thiazides, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diure
Fluids And Electrolytes
This document discusses fluid compartments and electrolytes. It notes that total body water varies with age, gender, and body fat percentage. Intracellular fluid makes up 60% of body fluid and is rich in potassium and magnesium, while extracellular fluid is 40% and contains more sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Fluid compartments are regulated by membranes and pressures. Fluid balance is maintained through neutral, positive, or negative balances. The kidneys, lungs, heart, and hormones like aldosterone and ADH help regulate fluids and electrolytes. Disturbances can cause problems like volume depletion, overload, or specific electrolyte disorders.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
Fluid and electrolyte balances and imbalances
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance and disturbances. It covers the mechanisms of fluid and electrolyte movement including osmosis, diffusion, and filtration. It then discusses sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate levels and imbalances including causes, clinical manifestations, and nursing interventions for conditions like hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hyperkalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypermagnesemia. Food sources of important electrolytes are also provided.
Iv fluid therapy (types, indications, doses calculation)
Intravenous fluid therapy is essential for maintaining normal body functioning and hydration. There are three main types of intravenous fluids - colloids, crystalloids, and blood products. Crystalloids include isotonic fluids like 0.9% sodium chloride and lactated Ringer's solution, hypotonic fluids, and hypertonic fluids. Isotonic fluids maintain intravascular volume while hypotonic and hypertonic fluids shift fluid between intravascular and intracellular spaces. Close monitoring is needed with intravenous fluid therapy to avoid complications of overhydration or dehydration.
Fluid And Electrolytes
Last year by end of the lecture Dr Medinna gave cases to solve for Fluid and electrolytes....
He had a seperate slide for the cases..
Lecture slides are taken from Schwartz Textbook of surgery....
Basic Intravenous Therapy 3: Fluids And Electrolytes, Balance and Imbalance, ...
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar, discussion on Body Fluids and Electrolytes, Normal Values and the Imbalances, the symptomatology and treatment and precautions, and, finally the different types of commonly available, utilized IVF in clinics
Fluids, Electrolytes & IV Therapy
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. It explains that body fluids contain different solutes and electrolyte concentrations are maintained through selective membrane permeability. Fluid movement in the body is influenced by pressures and permeability and ensures nutrients and waste are exchanged. There are three main types of IV solutions - isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic - which are used to correct fluid imbalances depending on their osmolarity. Crystalloids like saline are effective short term volume expanders while colloids draw fluid from tissues into vessels but can cause circulatory overload if given in excess. Monitoring for fluid overload is important when giving any IV solutions.
Fluid and electrolyte
1. The document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalances, describing the body's fluid compartments and how fluid and electrolytes are regulated.
2. Key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and calcium are explained in terms of their roles, regulation, and what can cause imbalances like hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and hypercalcemia.
3. Imbalances can cause various clinical manifestations and symptoms, and treatment aims to correct the underlying cause and restore normal electrolyte levels. Homeostatic mechanisms and hormonal regulation help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Autonomic nervous system lecture 3
Parasympathlytic agents, also known as anticholinergic or cholinergic blockers, are drugs that block muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system. They have high binding affinity for muscarinic receptors but no intrinsic activity. Their effects are opposite of muscarinic agonists and include decreased contraction of gastrointestinal and urinary tract smooth muscles, dilation of pupils, reduced gastric secretion, and decreased saliva secretion. The most common parasympatholytic agent is atropine, which acts as a competitive antagonist at muscarinic receptors.
(9) body fluids
This document discusses cytology techniques and findings for different body cavity fluids. It covers the anatomy of pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and other spaces. Common etiologies that can cause fluid accumulation include transudates, exudates, and hemorrhage. Techniques are described for safely collecting fluid samples from these spaces using needles and syringes. The cytological appearance of different cell types like mesothelial cells, macrophages, and malignant cells are outlined. Specific conditions that can be identified include infections, chylous effusions, bile effusions, and different types of cancers. The cytological features that can help distinguish between mesothelioma and carcinomas are also summarized.
Ganglionic stimulants and blockers suffi
Ganglionic stimulants like nicotine can activate nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, resulting in the stimulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic responses. Although they have limited medical use, nicotine has been used experimentally to help identify nerve fibers. Ganglionic blockers are competitive antagonists at nicotinic receptors that reduce autonomic tone, and were once used to treat hypertension and peptic ulcers but caused intolerable side effects. Trimethaphan is a short-acting ganglionic blocker occasionally used for controlled hypotension. Mecamylamine has been studied for smoking cessation by blocking nicotine's rewarding effects but also causes constipation. Currently there is no significant
SEE-SAW: HOMEOSTASIS
The document discusses homeostasis and fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. It covers the key electrolytes sodium, potassium, calcium, and their roles in the body. For each electrolyte, it discusses normal values, functions, causes and signs of imbalance, diagnostic tests, and nursing management for hypo- and hyper- conditions. It provides examples of nursing questions related to fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Fluid & Electrolytes
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte homeostasis and imbalances. Key points include:
- Homeostasis depends on fluid balance and distribution between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).
- Body fluid movement occurs via diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and is regulated by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
- Fluid volume deficits and excesses can result from shifts in fluid compartments and cause signs and symptoms. Assessment focuses on vital signs, weight, skin changes, and lab values.
- Electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia and hyperkalemia can occur and are managed through diet, supplements, and medications depending on the specific
continous versus intermittent RRT in the ICU
This document discusses different modalities of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury, including CVVH, CVVHDF and CVVHD. It summarizes evidence from randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews showing no significant differences in mortality or renal recovery rates between CRRT and intermittent hemodialysis. Slow low efficiency daily dialysis (SLED) is presented as a hybrid therapy that combines benefits of CRRT and economics of intermittent hemodialysis. A cost analysis shows CRRT is more expensive than SLED due to additional consumables and fluids required. The conclusion is that while CRRT may provide higher blood pressure, there is no evidence it improves survival over intermittent
Fluid and Electrolytes
Here are the key characteristics of minor burns:
- Partial thickness burns cover no more than 15% of total body surface area (TBSA)
- Full thickness burns cover less than 2% of TBSA
- Burn areas do not involve sensitive areas like eyes, ears, hands, face, feet or perineum
- There are no electrical burns or evidence of inhalation injury
Glomerulonephritis1,2
This document provides an overview of glomerulonephritis (GN), including its classification, pathology, clinical features, investigations, and management. GN can be classified as primary or secondary and pathologically. It causes nephritic or nephrotic syndrome clinically. Investigations include urine analysis, serum tests, and renal biopsy. Management depends on the type and severity of GN but may include medications, diet modifications, dialysis, or transplant. Prognosis varies between types of GN.
Fluids And Electrolytes July1
The document discusses fluids and electrolytes. It explains that the kidneys play the key role in maintaining the composition of body fluids by filtering the blood and regulating electrolyte levels. While other organs like the lungs help regulate certain components, the kidneys have primary responsibility for determining the composition of internal fluids through filtering and excretion. Precise regulation of fluids and electrolytes is crucial for normal cellular and tissue function.
Uremic toxins
This document discusses uremic toxins, which are waste products that accumulate in the body when the kidneys are not functioning properly. It is divided into sections on:
- Symptoms of uremia caused by toxin buildup, such as fatigue, loss of concentration, and neuropathy.
- Bergstrom's criteria for identifying uremic toxins.
- Classification of toxins into small water-soluble compounds like urea and creatinine, and protein-bound compounds like phenols and indoles.
- Specific toxins like urea, guanidines, phosphorus, and phenols are discussed in more detail, outlining their effects and relationship to uremic
Nutrition and Hemodialysis
The document presents the case of a 63-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease secondary to diabetes who has been on dialysis for three years. He was recently hospitalized multiple times for various issues and experienced significant weight loss and decreased nutritional status. The case examines his medical history and diet during hospitalizations in order to assess his current protein-energy wasting status and recommend treatment.
Viewers also liked (20)
Iv fluid therapy (types, indications, doses calculation)
Iv fluid therapy (types, indications, doses calculation)
Basic Intravenous Therapy 3: Fluids And Electrolytes, Balance and Imbalance, ...
Basic Intravenous Therapy 3: Fluids And Electrolytes, Balance and Imbalance, ...
Similar to Chapter 13 And 15 Fluid Electrolytes Basics
Homeostasis- Patho.pptx
Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions even as external factors vary. Key aspects of homeostasis include controlling temperature, blood pressure, blood pH, and glucose levels. The hypothalamus, medulla oblongata, lungs, kidneys, and pancreas all play roles in homeostasis. Fluids and electrolytes constantly shift between intracellular and extracellular compartments to facilitate processes like oxygen transport, acid-base balance, and urine formation. Movement occurs via osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and carrier-mediated transport.
Fluids
This document provides information on fluids and electrolytes in the human body. It discusses the major components and functions of body fluids, including water, and the fluid compartments of intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid. It also describes the key electrolytes - sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, phosphorus, and bicarbonate - and their roles in maintaining fluid balance and electrolyte levels. The document explains how electrolytes are regulated and absorbed and lost from the body, as well as normal ranges. It also discusses the processes of diffusion and osmosis that govern fluid and electrolyte movement between compartments and across cell membranes.
Fluid & electrolyte imbalance module.pdf
Share with other. Study purpose only. # Nursing An electrolyte imbalance occurs when you have too much or not enough of certain minerals in your body.
Fluid Electrolyte Imbalance - Acid Base Balance
Complete disease condition guide for DGNM, B.Sc Nursing & M.Sc Nursing Students .. regarding Fluid Electrolyte Imbalance - Acid Base Balance
fluid electrolyte.pdf
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance is a serious condition that can occur when the body loses or gains too much fluid. The document discusses fluid balance, the body's fluid compartments of intracellular and extracellular fluid, and mechanisms that control fluid and electrolyte movement such as diffusion, osmosis, and hormone regulation. It then focuses on extracellular fluid volume deficit (dehydration) - its causes, signs, lab findings, and treatment involving oral or IV fluid replacement depending on severity. Monitoring for complications during fluid restoration is also emphasized.
Body Fluid And Electrolyte Balance
The document discusses disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism. It covers homeostasis of water and electrolytes, common electrolyte imbalances seen in disease, and key mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte balance in the body, including thirst, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, and osmoreceptors.
RENAL-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, ACID BASE BALANCE-converted.pptx
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte imbalance, describing the roles of intracellular and extracellular fluids and how they are regulated through mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and hormones. It examines different types of fluid volume deficits and excesses, their causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches including oral and intravenous fluid replacement and monitoring for complications during restoration.
Lesson plan content (autosaved)
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. It begins by explaining that approximately 60% of the average adult's weight consists of fluid located in two compartments - intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid. It then defines key concepts like osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and the sodium-potassium pump which help regulate fluid levels. The document closes by reviewing the major routes of fluid gain and loss in the body, primarily through drinking, eating, urine output, and sweating.
Fluids and Electrolytes Compilation.pdf
I bought this file from (FB name: Dee Dee). The files are extremely helpful, visit his Facebook account or Facebook page.
https://web.facebook.com/groups/670462807397676/
Body fluids and electrolytes+Edema.pdf
The document provides an overview of body fluids and electrolytes. It discusses the different fluid compartments, including intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, and transcellular fluids. It describes the composition of each fluid compartment and the factors that influence fluid balance, such as age, sex, dehydration, and fluid infusion. The document also covers fluid exchange across capillary walls, the development of edema, and the mechanisms involved in maintaining water homeostasis and normal fluid balance.
Lecture 20
Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and allow electrical conductance. Electrolytes include cations like sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, as well as anions like chloride and bicarbonate. Electrolytes maintain fluid balance and movement between compartments through diffusion, osmosis, and active transport across cell membranes via ion channels and pumps. Sodium is a major extracellular electrolyte that regulates extracellular fluid volume and osmolality through reabsorption in the kidneys under the influence of aldosterone.
Fluids and electrolytes
The document discusses the composition and regulation of body fluids and electrolytes. It covers the following key points:
- Approximately 60% of body weight is fluid located in two main compartments - intracellular and extracellular space.
- Major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate which are critical for cellular function and fluid balance.
- The kidneys, lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract are responsible for regulating fluid and electrolyte balance through processes like filtration, sweating, and urine production.
- Laboratory tests like osmolality, creatinine, and hematocrit are used to evaluate fluid status and renal function in maintaining homeostasis.
Fluid & Electrolytes.pdf
This document provides an overview of fluid compartments and electrolytes in the human body. It discusses the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments, their composition and regulation. Key points covered include osmosis, diffusion, active transport, factors affecting fluid distribution, causes and signs of fluid volume deficits and excesses, and intravenous fluid replacement options.
Fluid and electrolyte balance
THIS SEMINAR GIVES THE BASIC OVERVIEW THAT HOW YOU CAN MANAGE THE PATIENT WHO COMES TO YOU A FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE . AND BASIC MECHANISM OF HOMEOSTASTIS
fluid and electrolyte imbalance.pptx
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance and imbalance. It defines body fluids and electrolytes, and explains that fluid and electrolyte balance is the equilibrium state between these in the body, while imbalance is a change in this equilibrium. It covers the composition and functions of body fluids, fluid volume disturbances like hypovolaemia and hypervolaemia, and electrolyte imbalances focusing on sodium imbalance. Key concepts around regulation of fluids, osmosis, and the roles of organs like the kidney are explained. Causes, signs, and management of various fluid and electrolyte disorders are outlined.
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in normal and abnorm'
This document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance and imbalance. It outlines the body's water compartments and electrolyte composition of body fluids. Key concepts covered include osmolality, tonicity, and the mechanisms that regulate sodium and water balance such as the renin-angiotensin system and antidiuretic hormone. Causes, features, and treatment of various fluid and electrolyte imbalances like dehydration, overhydration, and derangements in sodium balance are described. Learning objectives related to fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base physiology are also listed.
mbbs ims msu
1) Body fluid is primarily composed of water, which acts as the solvent for dissolved substances. Water content decreases with age from 80% in infants to 45-52% in adult females and 60-63% in adult males.
2) Body water is contained within intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Fluid balance is maintained when water intake equals output through drinking, eating, and metabolic processes.
3) Key transport mechanisms move molecules across cell membranes, including diffusion, osmosis, and active and facilitated transport utilizing membrane channels and pumps. The kidneys play a key role in regulating fluid balance and electrolyte levels through reabsorption and secretion in the nephron.
CRRT by Ashraf Qotmosh.pdf
Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) involves slow, continuous blood filtration to remove waste and excess fluid from patients with kidney failure. There are several modes of CRRT including slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF) for large volume fluid removal, continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) which uses convection to remove middle to large molecules, and continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD) which uses diffusion through a dialysate to increase solute clearance. The goals of CRRT are to mimic kidney function by regulating fluid, electrolytes, acid-base balance, and removing waste products and toxins.
Fluid and electrolytes
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. It explains that water makes up 60% of body weight and is distributed between intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Key electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and chloride are discussed. Methods of fluid and electrolyte movement include diffusion, osmosis, active transport, and filtration. Factors affecting fluid balance like thirst, antidiuretic hormone, and aldosterone are also summarized.
Fluid management
The document discusses fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body, noting that fluid intake and losses must balance and disturbances can impact various organ systems. Total body water and the volumes of intravascular and extravascular fluid are explained. Different types of fluid imbalances like volume depletion, volume overload, and electrolyte disturbances are also outlined.
Similar to Chapter 13 And 15 Fluid Electrolytes Basics (20)
RENAL-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, ACID BASE BALANCE-converted.pptx
RENAL-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE, ACID BASE BALANCE-converted.pptx
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in normal and abnorm'
WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in normal and abnorm'
More from Brandon Cooper
Hiv Concepts Pptvo
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that inserts itself into human cells and reprograms their genetic structure. There is an incubation period before symptoms develop, which can take years. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth or breastfeeding. Diagnosis involves antibody and viral load testing. Left untreated, HIV weakens the immune system and increases the risk of infections, cancers, neurological and gastrointestinal issues. Treatment involves antiretroviral therapy to suppress the virus and prevent transmission.
Connective Tissue Disease Pptvo
The document summarizes connective tissue diseases and rheumatoid arthritis. It discusses that connective tissue diseases include common disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis as well as rare conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus. Diagnostic studies for connective tissue diseases include blood tests, x-rays, and biopsies. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the synovial joints and can lead to joint deformity and damage. Management of rheumatoid arthritis involves pharmacological therapies like NSAIDs and DMARDs as well as nonpharmacological treatments like physical therapy.
Hypersensitivity Concepts Vo
The document summarizes different types of hypersensitivity and allergic reactions. It describes Type I reactions as rapid hypersensitivity reactions mediated by IgE antibodies, including seasonal allergies, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. Type II reactions are cytotoxic and involve autoantibodies against self cells. Type III reactions occur when immune complexes form in blood vessels and cause tissue damage. Type IV reactions are delayed hypersensitivity responses mediated by T cells without antibodies or complement involvement, like contact dermatitis. Type V reactions involve inappropriate stimulation of cell receptors by autoantibodies. The document also discusses specific conditions like latex allergy, allergic rhinitis, Sjogren's syndrome, and Goodpasture's syndrome
Infection Concepts
The document discusses various microbiological concepts related to infectious diseases such as pathogens, virulence, and modes of transmission. It also outlines strategies for preventing infection including proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, and following guidelines for disinfection and sterilization. Risk factors for infection are discussed as well as methods for diagnosing, treating, and educating patients about infectious diseases.
Chapter 14 Acid Base Concepts
This document provides an overview of acid-base imbalances, including the key components of pH, PCO2, and base excess. It discusses respiratory and metabolic acid-base disorders, how the body controls acid-base balance through buffers, lungs, and kidneys, and the symptoms and treatments of common acid-base imbalances like metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and respiratory alkalosis.
Chapter 19 Immune Basics
The document provides an overview of the human immune system, including its components and functions. It describes the inflammatory response, cellular and humoral immune responses, roles of white blood cells, antibodies, antigens, B cells and T cells. It also summarizes the four stages of the immune response: recognition, proliferation, response, and effector. Key players in the immune response include granulocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells and cytokines.
Chapter 19 Inflammation Immune Concepts
The document discusses the immune system and inflammation. It describes how the immune system distinguishes self from non-self and maintains self-tolerance to prevent attacking the body's own cells. It also outlines the nonspecific and specific defenses of the body, including the innate and adaptive immune responses. Inflammation is defined as the process that occurs in response to tissue injury or infection, usually accompanied by symptoms like warmth, redness, swelling and pain.
Chapter 13 And 15 Iv Therapy
This document provides information about IV therapy including IV administration, solutions, equipment, sites, procedures, documentation, complications, and calculations. It discusses administering IVs into the circulatory system using various methods. It also covers hanging IV bags, priming tubing, inserting catheters, documenting the process, maintaining flow rates, converting to intermittent therapy, and addressing potential complications.
Chapter 13 And 15 Fluid Imbalances
This document discusses fluid imbalances and extracellular fluid volume imbalances. It describes hypovolemia as a deficiency in fluid volume that can result from loss of fluids or decreased intake. Hypervolemia is an excess fluid volume that may occur from excessive fluid intake or abnormal fluid retention. Nursing management for hypervolemia focuses on excess fluid volume, while management for hypovolemia addresses deficient fluid volume and potential complications like hypovolemic shock. The document also covers protein imbalances like hypoproteinemia and treatments like high protein diets or IV fluids.
Chapter 13 And 15 Electrolyte Imbalance Part 1
The document discusses electrolyte imbalances related to sodium. Hypernatremia occurs when there is elevated serum sodium due to water loss or sodium gain, which can cause cellular dehydration. Symptoms include thirst, lethargy, and agitation. Treatment involves treating the underlying cause and replacing fluids orally or intravenously. Hyponatremia results from loss of sodium-containing fluids or excess water intake, causing symptoms like confusion, nausea, and seizures. Treatment depends on the cause but may involve fluid restriction or intravenous saline. Nursing care focuses on monitoring fluid intake and output, sodium levels, and symptoms.
Chapter 13 And 15 Electrolyte Imbalance Part 2
This document summarizes electrolyte imbalances related to potassium. It discusses causes, clinical manifestations, and management of both hyperkalemia (high potassium) and hypokalemia (low potassium). Hyperkalemia can cause cardiac arrest and is more immediately dangerous. Hypokalemia will not be resolved if magnesium is also low, as magnesium must be corrected first to help regulate potassium levels.
Chapter 13 And 15 Electrolyte Imbalance Part 3
Calcium and phosphorus levels have an inverse relationship, with calcium being stored primarily in bones. Calcium is regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D. Hypercalcemia can be caused by hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, vitamin D overdose, or prolonged immobilization. Symptoms of hypercalcemia include decreased memory, confusion, fatigue, and dysrhythmias. Treatment involves hydration, loop diuretics, calcitonin, mobilization, and decreasing calcium intake. Nursing care focuses on monitoring symptoms, renal and cardiac function, electrolyte levels, and risks for injuries, constipation, and fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
Chapter 13 And 15 Electrolyte Imbalance Part 4
Hypocalcemia can be caused by decreased PTH production, pancreatitis, blood transfusions, or alkalosis. It presents with positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs, laryngeal stridor, numbness, and tingling. Treatment includes treating the underlying cause and giving oral or IV calcium supplements while preventing hyperventilation. Nursing focuses on monitoring for symptoms, providing a calm environment, slowly administering IV calcium if needed, educating on prevention, and monitoring for complications like heart failure.
Chapter 13 And 15 Electrolyte Imbalance Part 5
Hypophosphatemia can be caused by malnourishment, alcohol withdrawal, or use of phosphate-binding antacids. It leads to muscle weakness, pain, confusion, and cardiac issues. Treatment includes oral or IV phosphate supplementation and increasing phosphate-rich foods. Nursing focuses on monitoring vital signs, labs, nutrition, and cardiac and respiratory function.
Hypermagnesemia is caused by increased magnesium intake in those with renal issues. It causes lethargy, drowsiness, impaired reflexes, and potentially respiratory and cardiac arrest. Treatment involves IV calcium and fluids. Nursing assesses for neuromuscular and cardiac issues, monitors magnesium levels and ECG, and teaches about magnesium sources.
Chapter 13 And 15 Electrolyte Imbalance Part 6
Hypomagnesemia can be caused by prolonged fasting, chronic alcoholism, fluid loss, or prolonged parenteral nutrition without supplementation. Symptoms include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, tremors, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmias, and confusion. Management includes oral or IV magnesium supplementation as needed. Nursing diagnoses for hypomagnesemia include risk for injury and altered cardiac function related to imbalanced nutrition. Nurses monitor magnesium levels and administer supplements, provide nutrition education, and monitor for symptoms.
More from Brandon Cooper (15)
Chapter 13 And 15 Fluid Electrolytes Basics
- 1. Fluid and Electrolytes Basics Peggy D. Johndrow 2009
- 6. Diffusion