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(9) body fluids
This document discusses cytology techniques and findings for different body cavity fluids. It covers the anatomy of pleural, peritoneal, pericardial, and other spaces. Common etiologies that can cause fluid accumulation include transudates, exudates, and hemorrhage. Techniques are described for safely collecting fluid samples from these spaces using needles and syringes. The cytological appearance of different cell types like mesothelial cells, macrophages, and malignant cells are outlined. Specific conditions that can be identified include infections, chylous effusions, bile effusions, and different types of cancers. The cytological features that can help distinguish between mesothelioma and carcinomas are also summarized.
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(9) body fluids
- 1. Fluids cytology Dr. FrancescoCarrani M.V.
- 2. Anatomy Pleural space Peritoneal space Pericardialsac Cerebro spinal space Joint cavity Mesothelial cells
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- 4. Pleural space Clinical signs dyspnea 30– 60 ml/kg Clinical emergency
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- 6. Pleural space Technique 22to18 G needle Connection 3 ways stopcock 2.5 to 20 cc syringe Oxygen !!!!
- 7. Pleural space Technique 22to18 G needle Connection 3 ways stopcock 2.5 to 20 cc syringe Oxygen !!!!
- 8. Peritoneal space Ascites High volume Cellsdilution Etiology Heart failure Hepatic failure Tumors Trauma
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- 10. Peritoneal space Technique 22 to18G needle Connection 3 ways stopcock 5 to 20 cc syringe
- 11. Pericardial sac Idiopathic hemopericardium Neoplasticeffusion Hemangiosarcoma Chemodectoma Lymphoma Transudate Exudate (septic)
- 12. Pericardial sac Technique 22to18 G needle Connection 3 ways stopcock 5 to 20 cc syringe Right lateral recumbency No sedation or minimal
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- 14. Sample management EDTA tube Directsmear Sedimentation or low rpm centrifugation Fixation and rapid stain Immunocytochemical staining
- 15. Cytological examination It isthe only test allowing Cells evaluation HISTO
- 16. Cytology The cells Mesothelialcells Macrophages Red cells Neutrophils Lymphocytes Eosinophils Mast cells
- 17. Mesothelial cells Flat ephitelium Largecells Central and round nucleus More peripheral in activated cells Binucleated Prominent nucleolus Basophilic cytoplasm Pinkish cytoplasmic expansion
- 18. Mesothelial cells Basophilic mesothelial,binucleated, with mitosis Clear mesothelial, vacuolated and sometimes granulated cytoplasm (macrophages)
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- 20. Feline infectious peritonitis FIP Yellow,viscous Some neutrophils Activated macrophages Red cells Some lymphocytes Mesothelial cells No Bacteria
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- 22. Septic effusions Septic pleuritisfrom actinomices bacteria
- 23. Chylous and pseudochylous effusion Milky Triglycerides(chyle > serum) Cholesterol (chyle < serum)
- 24. Chylous and pseudochylous effusion Chyle Pseudochyle Heartdisease Trauma Inflammation Hernia Venous thrombosis Inflammation Neoplasia
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- 26. Cells Chyle Pseudochyle Small lymphocytes Neutrophils Macrophages Inflammatory cells Neoplasticcells Neutrophils Lymphocytes
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- 28. Bile effusion Amorphous material Bluishblack Golden yellow Macrophagic inflammation
- 29. Neoplastic effusion Not allneoplasia produce effusion Not all neoplastic effusion carries diagnostic cells
- 30. Neoplastic effusion Non inflammatorycells Different from mesothelial cells
- 31. Neoplastic effusion False positive– non neoplastic mesothelial reactivity False negative – no exfoliation Distinction between Mesothelioma and Carcinoma
- 32. Neoplastic effusion Mesothelioma Large group Cytoplasmic vacuolation Visiblejunctions Central nucleus Carcinoma Large group Cytoplasmic vacuolation Tight junctions Eccentric nucleus
- 33. Neoplastic effusion Mesothelioma (rare) Pleural Pericardial Lymphoma Carcinoma Mastcell Sarcoma (exfoliation rare) Heart base hemangiosarcoma Poor prognosis
- 34. Carcinoma Pulmonary metastasis frommammary carcinoma
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