This document discusses the impact of technology on education. It describes how the Information Age has led to learning becoming a shared responsibility between teachers and students, with teachers taking on more of a facilitator role. Technology provides greater access to educational programs and interactive learning opportunities. It also discusses trends like the establishment of standards and the development of new fields like consumer informatics. The document outlines various technologies used in education like the World Wide Web, e-mail, discussion groups, and distance education, noting both advantages and disadvantages. It also addresses issues like the digital divide and promoting inclusion for those with disabilities.

1. Chapter 13
Technology in Education

2. The Information Age
A period in history characterized by:
• Growth of technology
• Information explosion

3. The Information Age
Impact on teachers and learners:
• Learning has become a shared
responsibility.
• Teacher has taken on the role of
facilitator.

4. The Information Age
Impact of Information Age technology on
education:
• Greater access to educational programs
• Access to a worldwide audience
• Interactive learning opportunities

5. The Information Age (cont’d)
Trends:
• Establishment of standards
– e-Health Code of Ethics
– Criteria for evaluating Web sites
• Development of new field of study
– Consumer Informatics

6. E-Health Code of Ethics
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Candor
Honesty
Quality
Informed Consent
Privacy
Professionalism

7. E-Health Code of Ethics (cont’d)
• Responsible partnering
• Accountability

8. Consumer Informatics
• Analyzes consumer needs for information
• Studies/implements methods for making
information accessible
• Models/integrates consumer preferences
into medical information systems

9. On-line Healthcare Education
• World Wide Web (WWW)
• Internet

10. World Wide Web
(WWW)
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“Virtual Space” for information
Component of the Internet
Contains billions of webpages
Text, graphics, audio, and video

11. Pew Report on Web Use
Approximately 60% of Americans have used Web
information to:
• Make decisions about how to treat an illness
• Decide whether to seek a healthcare provider
• Identify questions to be answered
• Decide to seek a second opinion

12. Nurse Educators and the WWW
Recognizing the influence of the WWW
nurses should:
• Assess client’s use of the WWW
• Clarify information found by clients
• Share resources
• Create Web-based resources
• Teach information literacy skills

13. Computer Literacy
The ability to use the computer hardware
and software necessary to accomplish
routine tasks

14. Information Literacy
The ability to:
• Access needed information
• Evaluate information found
• Organize information
• Use information from a variety of sources

15. Information Literacy Skills for Web
Use
The ability to:
• Reduce a problem to a searchable
command
• Categorize a Web page according to its
purpose
• Identify sources of potential bias
• Make judgments about the accuracy and
reliability of information found

16. Information Literacy Skills for Web
Use (cont’d)
The ability to:
• Make decisions about the
comprehensiveness of information found
• Determine currency
• Identify resources to answer questions or
verify assumptions about content of a
webpage

17. Criteria for Evaluating Web Sites
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Accuracy
Design
Authors/Sponsors
Currency
Authority

18. Professional Education and the World
Wide Web
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Bibliographic databases
Continuing education
Online journals
Resources for patient teaching and
professional practice

19. Social Media
• Blogs, Wikis
– Consumers may turn to these for healthrelated information
• Facebook, Twitter, YouTube
– Numerous advantages for health education
– Risks as well

20. Webcasts and Webinars
• Webcasts are live broadcasts over the
Internet.
– Growing in popularity as a training device
• Webinars are web-based conferencing
that allow for interaction.
– When well run, can be an effective teaching
strategy

21. Mobile Learning (m-Learning)
• Takes advantage of various wireless,
mobile, portable, and handheld devices.
• Great potential and growing use
• Smart phones capable of web access are
expensive.
– Those who cannot afford such a device can
use a computer.

22. Internet
• Global network of computers
• Designed to create and exchange
information
• World Wide Web is a small component of
the Internet

23. Internet-based Communication
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E-mail
Electronic discussion groups
Mailing lists
Blogs, online forums, message boards,
bulletin boards
• Online chats
• Discussion Boards

24. E-Mail
Advantages:
• Easy to use
• Can be used any time, day or night
• Low cost
• World-wide access
• Provides a written record

25. E-Mail (cont’d)
Disadvantages:
• Messages lack context
• Takes time to complete an interaction
• Legal issues related to the written record
created
• Privacy cannot be assured

26. Electronic Discussion Groups
Broad category covering many formats of
on-line discussion.
Advantages:
• Means of networking
• Vehicle for information exchange
• Can be used to provide on-line support

27. Electronic Discussion Groups (cont’d)
Advantages:
• Easy to use
• Low cost
• Anonymity

28. Electronic Discussion Groups (cont’d)
Disadvantages:
• Few checks for accuracy
• Can be time-consuming
• May result in e-mail overload

29. Online Chats
Advantages:
• Allows for real-time discussion
• Widely accessible
• Provides a mechanism for information
exchange

30. Online Chats (cont’d)
Disadvantages:
• Moves very quickly
• May be difficult to follow
• Requires everyone to be on at the same
time

31. Digital Divide
• The gap between those individuals who
have access to information technology
resources and those who do not

32. Digital Divide (cont’d)
Risk Factors:
• Age (>65 years)
• Income (<$30,000/year household
income)
• Level of Education (<High School)

33. Interventions with
Older Adults
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Teach principles of ergonomics
Provide access to resources
Use motivational strategies
Create nonthreatening teaching
environments

34. Promoting Digital Inclusion for People
with Disabilities
• Web page design
• Software selection
• Adaptive devices

35. Working with Groups
at Risk
• Recognize/assess risk factors.
• Be knowledgeable about resources.
• Create supportive environments.

36. Professional Education
• Degree programs for distance learners
are increasingly available.
• Continued education programs are
widely available in a variety of formats.
• Staff development and training via
technology is increasing.
– e-learning

37. Distance Education
• Degree programs are offered at all levels.
• Internet is primary vehicle for delivering
distance education.
• Standards for quality in distance
education have been developed.
• Still a relatively new way of educating
nurses.

38. State of the Evidence
• Large body of research investigating
effect of distance education
technologies on student outcomes.
• Growing body of research on use of
technology in patient education.

39. Summary
• Technology is a powerful tool to enhance
learning. However, technology is a means
to an end, not an end in and of itself. It
must be used with thought, careful
planning, and thorough evaluation.