1. BEGINNING AND ENDING Chapter 10
THE SPEECH

2. INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
Introduction
Creates favorable first impression
Boosts self-confidence
Conclusion
Give speaker chance to emphasize main
points
Creates strong last impression

3. INTRODUCTION
Four Objectives
Gain attention, interest
Reveal topic
Establish credibility, goodwill
Preview body of speech

4. HOW TO GAIN ATTENTION
Relate topic to the audience
 ALWAYS relate topic to the audience
State importance of topic
Startle the audience
 Make sure startle technique is related to topic
Arouse curiosity
Question the audience
 Single question or a series of questions
Begin with a quote
Tell a story

5. RELATE TO AUDIENCE

6. TELL A STORY

7. HOW TO GAIN ATTENTION
Outside the classroom:
Refer to occasion
Invite audience participation
Audio equipment/Visual aids
Relate to previous speaker
Beginning with humor

8. REVEAL TOPIC
Clearly state speech topic/thesis

9. ESTABLISH CREDIBILIT Y AND GOODWILL
What is Credibility?
Perception of speaker’s qualifications
How do I establish credibility?
Research or firsthand experience
What is Goodwill?
Perception of whether speaker has the best
interests of audience in mind

10. CREDIBILIT Y AND GOODWILL

11. PREVIEW BODY OF SPEECH
Preview Statement
Statement in introduction that identifies main
points to be discussed in the body
Tells audience what to listen for throughout
the speech
Generally at end of intro .

12. PRESENTING PREVIEW STATEMENTS

13. PREPARING THE INTRODUCTION
Be concise (10-20 percent of speech)
Look for in potential introductory material in
your research
Be creative
Don’t worry about exact wording until body
speech is finished
Finally – Work it out in detail! Write out full
content, how you will deliver and PRACTICE

14. THE CONCLUSION
Signal end of speech
Reinforce central idea

15. SIGNALING THE END
Don’t leave your audience hanging!
Verbal Cue
 In conclusion, one last thought, etc.
Manner of Delivery
 Crescendo ending
 Speech builds in force until it reaches a zenith of power and
intensity
 Dissolve Ending
 Final words fade like a spotlight, bring speech to emotional
close .

16. USING CRESCENDO ENDING

17. REINFORCE IDEAS
 Conclusion reinforces the audience’s understanding
of the central idea
 How to accomplish? (Separately or in Combination)
 Summarize main points
 Conclude with a quotation
 End with a dramatic statement
 Refer back to introduction

18. SUMMARIZING IN CONCLUSION

19. LINKING CONCLUSION TO INTRODUCTION

20. LINKING INTRO TO CONCLUSION

21. PREPARING THE CONCLUSION
Look for materials while researching
Conclude with bang, not whimper
Be brief (5-10 percent of speech)
Work out content, delivery in detail

22. GROUP ACTIVIT Y
 Attention Getter
 Relate to Audience
 Credibility
 Goodwill