English has become a global lingua franca due to factors like globalization and the spread of popular culture and technology. It is commonly used for international communication between people who do not share a native language. There are three circles of English usage: the inner circle where it is the primary language, the outer circle where it was adopted as a secondary language during colonialism, and the expanding circle where it is used as a foreign language. While English dominance has implications for linguistic diversity, it also enables communication across diverse communities worldwide. Teachers should consider the appropriate model of English for their students and context.

1. PRACTICE II: Introduction to thePRACTICE II: Introduction to the
Subject.Subject.
Jeremy Harmer: (2007)Jeremy Harmer: (2007)
The Practice of English Laguage Teaching.The Practice of English Laguage Teaching.
Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, UNLPam.Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, UNLPam.
Profesor Adjunto RegularProfesor Adjunto Regular: Estela N. Braun.: Estela N. Braun.
Auxiliar docenteAuxiliar docente: Liliana I. Monserrat: Liliana I. Monserrat..

2. Chapter 1: The changing worldChapter 1: The changing world
of English.of English.
Why is English regarded as aWhy is English regarded as a lingualingua
franca?franca? Justa s in the Middle Ages LatinJusta s in the Middle Ages Latin
was the language for internationalwas the language for international
communication in the Roman Empire.communication in the Roman Empire.
English is now commonly used betweenEnglish is now commonly used between
i.e. Argentinian and Chinese people doingi.e. Argentinian and Chinese people doing
business .business .

3. Braj Kachru’s circles (1985)Braj Kachru’s circles (1985)

4. What is a LINGUA FRANCA?What is a LINGUA FRANCA?
““ A LANGUAGE WIDELY ADOPTED FORA LANGUAGE WIDELY ADOPTED FOR
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWOCOMMUNICATION BETWEEN TWO
SPEAKERS WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGESSPEAKERS WHOSE NATIVE LANGUAGES
ARE DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER’S ANDARE DIFFERENT FROM EACH OTHER’S AND
WHERE ONE OR BOTH SPEAKERS AREWHERE ONE OR BOTH SPEAKERS ARE
USING IT AS AN L2”USING IT AS AN L2”
It is one of the main languages forIt is one of the main languages for
international communication.international communication.
Spread use of English words.Spread use of English words.
Borrowings by English from other languages.Borrowings by English from other languages.

5. A language HistoryA language History
Linguistic Imperialism:Linguistic Imperialism:
http://http://A colonial history.A colonial history.
Economics: call centers, marketing,Economics: call centers, marketing,
customer services. (Post-moderncustomer services. (Post-modern
globalization, Suresh Canagarajah,2005)globalization, Suresh Canagarajah,2005)
Information Exchange(journals, www)Information Exchange(journals, www)
Travel (Tourism, traffic control)Travel (Tourism, traffic control)
Popular culture (Hollywood-Bollywood,Popular culture (Hollywood-Bollywood,thethe
cultural domination of American movies).cultural domination of American movies).

6. Robert PhillipsonRobert Phillipson
Estela Braun spotted this on the guardian.co.uk site and thoughtEstela Braun spotted this on the guardian.co.uk site and thought
you should see it.you should see it.
To see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, goTo see this story with its related links on the guardian.co.uk site, go
totohttp://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/mar/13/linguistic-http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2012/mar/13/linguistic-
imperialism-english-language-teachingimperialism-english-language-teaching
Linguistic imperialism/fucntion of geopolitical conquest/economicLinguistic imperialism/fucntion of geopolitical conquest/economic
globalziation BUT it may have a positive effect:globalziation BUT it may have a positive effect: minority languageminority language
communities with a sgrong identity try to preserve andcommunities with a sgrong identity try to preserve and
promote the language they represent. (House, 2001)promote the language they represent. (House, 2001)
US and UK policy to promote English language teaching expertiseUS and UK policy to promote English language teaching expertise
around the world is undermining multilingualism and educationaround the world is undermining multilingualism and education
opportunitiesopportunities
Robert PhillipsonRobert Phillipson
Friday March 16 2012Friday March 16 2012
Guardian WeeklyGuardian Weekly

7. English as a Global LanguageEnglish as a Global Language
This is a world marked byThis is a world marked by cultrualcultrual
intermixing and growing multilingualism.intermixing and growing multilingualism.
What impact does English have on theWhat impact does English have on the
languages it comes into contact with?languages it comes into contact with?
Language deathLanguage death phenomenon.phenomenon.
The future of English?David CrystalThe future of English?David Crystal
(2003:191):(2003:191): “If in 500 years English is the only“If in 500 years English is the only
language left to be learnt it will have been the greatestlanguage left to be learnt it will have been the greatest
intelectual disaster that the planet has ever known”.intelectual disaster that the planet has ever known”.

8. VARIETIES OF ENGLISH:VARIETIES OF ENGLISH:
American vs. British English.American vs. British English.
Australian learners’dictionary.Australian learners’dictionary.
Barbecue/Barbie. Train /dipthongBarbecue/Barbie. Train /dipthong
pronunciation).pronunciation).
British English: for Londoners take-British English: for Londoners take-
away, for Scottish people a carry-out.away, for Scottish people a carry-out.
Different accents within England: love.Different accents within England: love.

9. Sociolinguistics:Sociolinguistics:
Factors such as geography, social class,Factors such as geography, social class,
ethnic grouping and sex affect the languageethnic grouping and sex affect the language
being used. Cockney. RP pronunciation. “being used. Cockney. RP pronunciation. “It isIt is
still the case that many British people ascribestill the case that many British people ascribe
status, educational background, and socialstatus, educational background, and social
position to a person largely on the basis of theirposition to a person largely on the basis of their
accent.”accent.”
USA: varieties of American English, BostonUSA: varieties of American English, Boston
and Ohio.Black English, Hispanic English,and Ohio.Black English, Hispanic English,
Chinese English,etc.Chinese English,etc.

10. APPROPRIATE MODELS OF ENGLISH:APPROPRIATE MODELS OF ENGLISH:
What variety should teachers adopt?What variety should teachers adopt?
WORLD ENGLISHES/GLOBALWORLD ENGLISHES/GLOBAL
ENGLISH.ENGLISH.
Move from the inner to the outer circle.Move from the inner to the outer circle.
As the students’level of EnglishAs the students’level of English
increases, try to expose them to asincreases, try to expose them to as
many varieties as possible.many varieties as possible.

11. ““The safest conclusion to draw is thatThe safest conclusion to draw is that
teachers should work with the variety thatteachers should work with the variety that
best reflects their own language use,best reflects their own language use,
always provided talways provided that this will behat this will be
undersunderstood by most other Englishtood by most other English
speakers in the world, and the speakersspeakers in the world, and the speakers
that the students are most likely to comethat the students are most likely to come
into contact with”.into contact with”.

12. EFL, ESL, ESOL & ELFEFL, ESL, ESOL & ELF
GENERAL ENGLISH COURSES VS.GENERAL ENGLISH COURSES VS.
SPECIFIC/ACADEMIC (ESP-EAP).SPECIFIC/ACADEMIC (ESP-EAP).
ESOL:ESOL: English to Speakers of otherEnglish to Speakers of other
languages.languages.

13. English as a Lingua FrancaEnglish as a Lingua Franca
(ELF)(ELF)
Non-use of 3rd person present simple:Non-use of 3rd person present simple:
She look very sad.She look very sad.
Interchangeable use of WHICH and WHOInterchangeable use of WHICH and WHO
Omission of articlesOmission of articles
Use of only one question tag: Isn’t it?Use of only one question tag: Isn’t it?
Pluralization of uncountable nounsPluralization of uncountable nouns

14. World English EducationWorld English Education
Immersion colonies.Immersion colonies.
CLILCLIL
TKT, CELTA, DELTA exams for teachersTKT, CELTA, DELTA exams for teachers
Intercultural awareness or pluricentrityIntercultural awareness or pluricentrity
Prestige varieties(British, Australian,Prestige varieties(British, Australian,
American English)American English)
AccentsAccents
Language is bound up with identityLanguage is bound up with identity