Change Management for The Change

Change Management
• Change Management processes
typically provides a system of
planning, scheduling,
implementing, and tracking
changes that need to be
completed within an
organization.

Change Management
• The process, tools and
techniques to manage the
people-side of change to
achieve the required
business outcome.

Change Management Objective
• “Ensure that standardized
methods and techniques are
used for efficient and prompt
handling of all changes in
order to prevent change-
related incidents”.

Primary reasons for change Management
• Manage resistance to change
• Increase probability of success
• Reduce transition time

Classic Reasons People Resist
Change
• Loss of face
• Loss of control
• Excess uncertainty
• Surprise
• The “Difference”
Effect
• “Can I Do it?”
• Ripple Effect
• More Work
• Past Resentments
• Real threats
• Competing
commitments

Categories of Change
StructurePeople
Technology

Pressures for Change
Introduction
or Removal of
Government
Regulations
Life-Cycle
Forces
Growing
International
Interdependence
Changes in
Demographics
Shifting
Political
Dynamics
Changes in
Societal Values
Technological
Advances
Aspirations
Pressure for
Change

Why is Change Necessary?
• To survive in today's changing market
• To keep up with changing customer needs
• To achieve our goal.
• Increase efficiency and customer
satisfaction and therefore profit

External Pressures for Change
Technological
advances
Introduction and
removal of government
regulations
Changes in
societal values
Shifting political
dynamics
Changes in
demographics
Growing international
interdependence

Framework
Strategy,
Values,
& Culture

Strategy,
Values,
& Culture
Define the Case
for Change
Set up the
Change Team
Scope and
Sell the Change
Define the Change
and Develop the
Implementation Plan
Manage
Communications
Implementation
Sustain the
Change Effort
Embed the
Changes
Framework

1. Define the Case for Change
• Develop a Business Case for Change
• Outline a Vision of the Future and the Benefits
• Show the Fit to Strategy and the Five Year Plan
Define the Case
for Change
Prepare for Change

Set up the
Change Team
Prepare for Change
2. Set up the Change Team
• Select the Team Members and assess readiness
• Clarify the Roles and Responsibilities
• Identify Development Needs within the Team
• Agree Team Functioning and Governance

Scope and
Sell the Change
Prepare for Change
3. Scope and Sell the Change
• Scope the Change and Potential Challenges
• Prepare a Compelling Vision
• Identify Key Stakeholders Develop a Stakeholder
Management Plan (Toolkit 4)
• Secure Leadership Commitment
• Identify the Formal Communication Requirements

Define the Change
Define the Change
and Develop the
Implementation Plan
4. Define the Change and
Develop the Implementation Plan
• Engage with Staff
• Agree the baseline ‘As Is’
• Define the detailed ‘To Be’
• Consider the Impact on People, Processes, Infrastructure,
Structure and Culture
• Plan the Transition and identify the Actions and Support
required
• Prepare a detailed Change Plan with Timescales and
Milestones

Manage
Communications
Define the Change
5. Manage Communications
• Develop a detailed Communications Strategy and Plan
• Identify where Formal Consultation is required
• Elicit and Respond to Stakeholder Feedback

Implement and Sustain Change
Implementation
6. Implementation
• Check the Readiness to Implement
• Work the Change Plan
• Deliver Training and Support
• Manage the Emotional Cycle of Change
• Anticipate and Deal with Resistance
• Introduce New Systems
• Review the Change Plan regularly

7. Sustain the Change Effort
• Celebrate Short Term Wins
• Recognise and Reward New Behaviours
• Ensure continued Leadership Support and
Promotion of Change
• Measure Progress and Track Benefits Realisation
• Deal with Resistance
• Elicit Feedback on the Impact of the Change
Sustain the
Change Effort

Embed a
Culture of
Positive Change
8. Embed the Changes
• Celebrate Successes
• Review and Learn from the Change
• Identify further Opportunities for Change

Outside
Consultants
Staff
SpecialistsManagers
Agents of Change

Unfreezing Changing Refreezing
Lewin’s Three-Step Process

Unfreezing
• Motivators
• Pain
• Real job benefits
• Charismatic leader
• IT as Changer and Changee
• Positive and negative response to the idea
of change

Organisational Change Process
Create a Clear
Tomorrow
Reinforce
The new
behaviour
Build a
Sense of
Urgency
Develop a
Migration
Plan

Four keys to Implementing
Change
• Leadership plus Facilitation
• Get the right people involved
• Team building
• Secure resources

8 Characteristics of High
Performing Teams
• A clear elevating goal
• Results-driven structure
• Competent team members
• Unified commitment
• Collaborative climate
• Standards of excellence
• External support and recognition
• Principled leadership
• As Team Leader, I will

Refreezing
• Institutionalise the new processes and
systems so they become norm
• Examples of Non-cooperation
• People update the “official “ database and yes
still maintain their own Excel spreadsheets
• Individuals’ power, status or income is
threatened
• The Information system is inadequate
• Social intertia
• Managers do not want to change

Overcoming Resistance to Change
• Resistance is natural and inevitable
• Resistance is often subtle and hidden
• Change manager must find the resistance
• Understand the motivation for resistance

Overcoming Resistance to Change
contin…
• Listen to what people are and are not saying
• Communicate so people will feel
knowledgeable
• Address concerns
• Apply 80/20 rule
• Put effort into preparing for the change rather
than the change itself

Change – an inevitable part of life
and work
• The lessons from who moved my cheese endure
• Change happens
• They keep moving the cheese
• Anticipate change
• Get ready for the cheese to move
• Monitor change
• Smell the cheese often so you know when it is getting old

Lack of
Stability
Constant
Change
Virtual
Chaos
Lack of
Predictability
White-Water
Rapids

Resistance to Change
Four Factors
Lack of
understanding
Different
assessments
Self-interest Low tolerance
for change

Resistance to Change
Uncertainty and Ambiguity
Fear of Personal Loss
Lack of Faith in Change

• Resistance is a Normal
Reaction to Disruption and
Real or Perceived Loss

Question?
• What resistance to change have you
encountered in the past ?

Sources of Resistance
• Aptitude
• Is unable to make the change
• attitude
• Doesn’t want to make the change
• Threshold for Change
• Doesn’t have the “energy” to make the change

Sources of Resistance: Aptitude
Individual Abilities
See change as more
work
Fear inability to
develop the new
skills required
Don’t understand
what it will take to
be successful in the
future state
Low Tolerance for Change
Fear the unknown
Don’t want to accept the death of
the old ways ( preservation of the
past)
Have “scars”from prior changes

Sources of Resistance: Attitude
Lack of Motivation
Don’t see the need for
change
A compelling vision has
not been presented
No positive consequences
for changing
Perceive costs greater
than benefit
Differing Assessments
Change initiators usually
have more information than
stakeholders
Those affected may not see
the “Big Picture” therefore
the change does not make
sense

The Faces of Resistance
Anger Attack
Silence Withdrawal
Not Enough Time
Endless Questions
Intellectualizing
Confusion Just don’t
want To Get It
Ignore IT
Deny It
Glorify the Past
Going Through The
motions
Details
Details
Details

Faces Of Resistance
Active
Because it is out in the
open, active resistance is
more constructive and
easier to manage than its
underground counterpart
Passive
When resistance is Hidden, it
can go unnoticed and undermine
efforts to transform an
organisation

Faces of Resistance
• Active
• Deliberate opposition
• Hostility
• Agitating others
• Failing to report
problems
• Problem denial
• Chronic quarrels
• “This won’t work”
• Passive
• Withholding info
• Procrastination/ Delays
• No confrontation, but
still no productivity
• Not attacking solution,
but not supporting
either
• Over-complicating the
new way
• “We’ve always don it
this way

Managing Resistance
Apply the appropriate level of involvement given the degree of change
Major road blocks
Best case
Chaos
Fine tuning Major Transformation
Degree of Change
Inform
Consult
Include
Involve
Degree of
Involvement

Managing Resistance: Aptitude
• Identify needed Knowledge and skills
• Provide a training / development program
• Create opportunities to practice without
consequences
• Reward demonstrations of new abilities
• Mentor and model desired behaviors and
skills
• Monitor workloads to ensure they remain
realistic

Managing Resistance: Attitude
• Ensure people understand why change is
needed- the business case for change
• Put the change into the context of the “ Big
Picture” link it to other changes
• Convey a compelling vision for the future
• If possible, personalize benefits of the
change
• Establish rewards, recognition, incentives
and performance objectives that support
change objectives

Managing Resistance: Raising
Thresholds for Change
• Communication
• Preview, view and review
• Ensure regular, timely information distribution
• Communicate with the audiences “needs” in
mind
• Clarify what is not changing along with what is
• Participate
• Involve people in decision making
• Seek out and use ideas and opinions

Raising Thresholds for Change
• Facilitate ( Change)
• Understand People
• Find out how people are doing along the way, not
just at the end
• Provide opportunities for two way communication
and “Venting”
• Don’t just hear Listen!
• Find supporting people
• Leverage the help of those who commit early
• Create a change infrastructure.

Education and
Communication
Participation
Negotiation
Facilitation
and Support
Coercion
Manipulation
and Cooptation
Techniques for
Reducing Resistance

Techniques for
Managing Change
Authority
Coordination
Centralization
Attitudes
Expectations
Behavior
Processes
Methods
Equipment
PeopleTechnologyStructure

The ADKAR Model
ADKAR describes
the
required phases
that
an individual will
go
through when
faced
with change.

The ADKAR Model
ADKAR is a
foundational tool
for understanding
“how, why and
when” to use
different change
management
tools.

The five building blocks of
successful change
Awareness of the need for change
Desire to participate and support the change
Knowledge on how to change
Ability to implement required skills and behaviors
Reinforcement to sustain the change

The ADKAR Model
Awareness
of the need for change.
• What is the nature of the
change?
• Why is the change happening?
• What is the risk of not changing?
• Think about the change your
team is working on currently .
• Write a number 1 – 5 on the
Post-It note to indicate your
Awareness of this change.

The ADKAR Model
Desire
To support the change.
• Personal motivation to support
the change
• Organizational drivers to support
change
• Write a number 1 – 5 on the Post-
It note to indicate your Desire for
this change.

The ADKAR Model
Knowledge
on how to change.
• Knowledge, skills and behaviors
required during and after the
change
• Understanding how to change
Knowledge needed to
implement this change.

The ADKAR Model
to implement new skills.
• Demonstrated ability to
implement the change
• Barriers that may inhibit
implementing the change
Ability to implement this change.
Ability

The ADKAR Model
to sustain the change.
• Mechanisms to keep the
change in place
• Recognition, rewards,
incentives, successes
team is working on currently
feeling of Reinforcement for
this change.
Reinforcement

Organizational change can be
represented as three states of change
Current
state
Transition
state
Future
state
How things are done
today?
How to move from
current to future?
How things will be
done tomorrow?

The organization’s future state is actually the
collection of many individual future states
Future
Current Transition FutureCurrent Transition Future
Organization

Consequences of not managing the people
side of change
• Lower productivity
• Passive resistance
• Active resistance
• Turnover of valued employees

side of change
• Disinterest in the current or future state
• Arguing about the need for change
• More sick days
• Change not fully implemented

side of change
• People finding workarounds
• People revert to the old way of doing things
• The change being totally scrapped
• Divides are created between ‘us’ and ‘them’

Connecting ADKAR and the current,
transition and future states.
Current Transition Future
A D K A R

ADKAR Gap Model
Change
Confusion
Resistance
Fear/
Anxiety
Frustration
Backsliding

Developing corrective actions
with ADKAR
If the gap is: Corrective actions:
Awareness Management communicates about the
business reasons for change (why, risk of not
changing, drivers of change); Face-to-face
communications with immediate supervisors
about how the change impacts you directly is
what should occur
Desire Look for pockets of resistance and identify the
root cause; discuss your desire for resisting
the change

Developing corrective actions
with ADKAR
If the gap is: Corrective actions:
Knowledge Training on how to change and the skills
needed after the change
Ability On-the-job training and job aides to support
the new behaviors; Coaching by
supervisors; Troubleshooting
Reinforcement Messages by senior leaders and
supervisors that the change is here to stay;
Individual coaching sessions to identity
gaps

Change
Management:
How to Achieve
a Culture of
Safety

Objectives
List the Eight Steps of Change
Identify errors common to
organizational change
Discuss what is involved in
creating a
new culture
Begin planning your nursing
home’s change strategy

Set the Stage and
Create a Sense of Urgency
• Get people’s attention!
• Sell the need for change … describe the
consequences of not changing
• Immerse people in information about
the change
• Discuss ways to solve the problems
people identify with the change
• Empower people to solve the “problem”

Pull Together the Guiding Team
Choose key players, especially staff-level
managers
Identify a Guiding Team that is
multidisciplinary
Consider the credibility and integrity of change
leaders
Choose proven leaders who can drive the
change process
 Strong position power, broad expertise, and high credibility
 Management skills control the process
 Leadership skills drive the change

Develop the Change Vision
and Strategy
Senior Leadership is responsible for:
• Establishing the definition of a “culture of safety”
aligned with expectations, core values, and shared
beliefs
• Informing the nursing home of these values and
evaluating the culture
• Leading the process of:
• Translating values into expected behaviors
• Establishing trust and accountability
• Communicating a commitment to shaping the culture

Communicate for Understanding and Buy-In
• Provide supportive actions for fear, anger, and resistance
• Encourage discussion, dissent, disagreement, debate—keep
people talking
• Tell people what you know―and what you don’t know
• Acknowledge concerns, perceived losses, and anger
• Model the expected behaviors
• Value resisters
• They clarify the problem and identify other problems
that need to be solved first
• Their tough questions can strengthen and improve the
change
• They may be right―it is a dumb idea!

Empower Others to Act
 Provide direction
 Allow others to find their own team-driven
solutions
 Encourage others to speak up and take risks
 Share the information you know
 Encourage teamwork and collaboration
 Encourage personal reflection and learning
 Train employees so they have the desired skills
and attitudes
 Track activities and progress
 Set short-term goals

Produce Short-Term Wins
 Show visible success; further impetus for change
 Provide positive feedback; recognize and reward
contributions to wins
 Further builds morale and motivation
 Leverage lessons learned to help plan next goal
 Create greater difficulty for resisters to block
further change
 Provide leadership with evidence of success
 Build momentum
 Helps draw in neutral or reluctant supporters

Don’t Let Up
 Acknowledge hard work
 Celebrate successes and accomplishments
 Reaffirm the vision
 Bring people together toward the vision
 Acknowledge what people have left behind
 Develop long-term goals and plans
 Provide tools and training to reinforce new
behaviors
 Reinforce and reward the new behaviors
 Create systems and structures that reinforce new
behaviors
 Prepare people for the next change

Create a New Culture
 Develop action steps for stabilizing, reinforcing, and
sustaining the change:
 Give people time to mourn their actual losses
 Provide skill and knowledge training
 Develop new reward systems
 Recognize and celebrate accomplishments
 Develop performance measures to continually
monitor the results from the change and to identify
opportunities for further improvements
 Make adjustments to the change vision and strategy
to reflect new learning and insights
 Encourage people to be open to new challenges,
forces, and pressures for the next change

Errors Common to
Organizational Change
• Allowing for complacency
• Failing to create a sufficiently powerful Guiding
Coalition and Change Team
• Not truly integrating the vision
• Allowing obstacles to block change
• Not celebrating short-term wins
• Declaring victory too soon
• Neglecting to anchor changes firmly
in the culture

Culture Change Comes Last,
Not First!
Most alterations in norms and shared values come
at the end of the transformation process
New approaches sink in after success is shown
Feedback and reinforcement are crucial to buy-in
Sometimes the only way to change culture is to
change key people
Individuals in leadership positions need to be on
board, or the old culture will reassert itself

“MOANING ABOUT CHANGE IS FUTILE”
YOU
ARE A CHANGE AGENT
• AND YOU
• ARE PAID
• TO COMBAT ENIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
AND CRISES
• THROUGH EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF
CHANGE
• STARTING FROM YOUR OWN ORGANISATION

STRUCTURE OF THE TRAINING
1. Psychology of change
2. Why change? Drivers to change
3. How to change? Triggers for change
4. Wrap – Up: Quick Scan on readiness for change

LEARNING TARGETS
• To perform effectively a change
manager must
• Gain insight in the drivers that drive change
• Master the triggers for change
• Acquire sound knowledge and skills in change
management
• Be capable to manage change processes
• Hence gradually adapt organisational missions,
strategies, resources and projects

1.Psychology of change
3. Triggers for change

PSYCHOLOGY OF CHANGE
• We experience changes physically, mentally and
emotionally
• Usually it is subtle and slow but it can be sudden –
disrupting our work, dislocating our relationships
or ruining our leisure time. Sometimes we can
discern a pattern, sometimes not
• Sometimes we can explain it, sometimes not
• Changes involves the familiar; sometimes the
unknown. Many of us prefer what is familiar
• Rather than seek change, we continue to live with
our old familiar feelings (patterns and routines)

Likely reactions from the individual
facing with change
Announcement implementation
Schock
Anger
Acceptance
TestingConfusion
Denial
Cooperation
Adopt
changes
Enthousiasm/
Deception
Evaluate
impact
Announcement
Acceptance

LIKELY REACTION (OF GROUPS OF PEOPLE) TO CHANGE
PRO-ACTIVE
RESISTORS
DEFENSIVE
RESISTORS
BYSTANDERS
CHANGE
AGENTS
CHANGE
AGENTS
IN
WAITING
Actively
Against
Neutral Strongly
Supportive
Yes
No
Have
necessary
attitude and
skills for
proposed
change
Commitment to Proposed Change

LIKELY PHASES IN AN ORGANSATION UNDER CHANGE
THE
CONTENTMENT
ROOM
THE
DENIAL
ROOM
THE
CONFUSION
ROOM
THE
RENEWAL
ROOM
DUNGEON
OF DENIAL
PARALYSIS
PIT
WRONG
DIRECTION
DOOR
THE
SUN
LOUNGE
THE CHANGE HOUSE
Source: Nick Fry and Peter Killing, Strategic
Analysis and Action,
Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall Canada, 2000

CHANGE HOUSE : ROOM OF DENIAL
Say Act
“It’s nothing to do with us”
“It won’t happen here”
“Nobody else can do what
we do”
“If it isn’t broke don’t fix it”
Defend the past
Justify the present
Blame everybody else
Miss the message

CHANGE HOUSE : ROOM OF CONFUSION
Say Act
“We can’t do anything, it’s
all been decided”
“I’m looking for another
job”
“The management don’t care,
they’ll just move on”
“What can we do?”
Frustration
Withdrawal
Blaming management
No sense of direction

CHANGE HOUSE : ROOM OF RENEWAL
Say Act
“We have to keep improving -
work smarter not harder”
“We’re all part of the same
team”
“Yes, we can do it”
Understand and work to targets
Accept responsibility
Know what we are trying to
achieve
Seek continuous improvement

2.Why change? Drivers to change

WHY CHANGE? DRIVERS TO CHANGE
• Is your public service or agency able to
come up with answers to problems that
have no past and with solutions to
problems that cannot be tackled by
remedies of the past
• If no, it is doomed to loose the essence of
its existence and hence to fade away in
redundancy for which nobody is
prepared to pay
• If yes, prepare for change

WHY CHANGE?: Theories of
change
• Economic theory of change: competition, markets and
innovation
• Psychological theory of change: fullfilment of
individual needs
• Sociological theory of change: powerful groups
• Cultural theory of change: values, myths, beliefs
• Biology theory of change: survival of the species / planet
• System theory of change: crisis necessitates change
• Political theory of change: opportunities for new
politics

T im e fo r a
Ch an g e
Revised
budgeting
Institutional
reform
New
Regulations
Economics
Growth/Decline
Competition /
Competing programs
New
Technology
Changing
Values /
Needs
Acts of
Nature/God
New Leadership
Personal fate/
health
DRIVERS TO CHANGE

DRIVERS TO CHANGE IN THE MOBILITY COVENANT
CASE IN FLANDERS
• New minister
• Competing political
program from Green Party
• Changing values and needs
re sustainable mobility
• Personal health : high
number of fatalities in road
accidents
• Cooperation and
partnerships
• Institutional reform

DRIVERS TO CHANGE IN THE KOSOVO CASE
• Post war recovery
• Economic development
• Status for Kosovo
• Self -government
• European Vocation

The Change Curve
Good
Poor
Strategic
Performance
Time
Source: Nick Fry and Peter Killing, Strategic Analysis and Action,
?
Anticipatory
Reactive
Crisis
Let’s start the change process
OK, we must to change
We better start to change

The Change Curve
Good
Poor
Strategic
Performance
Time
Things are
going well.
Do we really
need to
change?
Can we
experiment?
Anticipatory
Reactive
Crisis

The Change Curve
Good
Poor
Strategic
Performance
Time
Anticipatory
Reactive
Crisis
What needs
to change?
Where do we
start?
Can we find
an early win?

The Change Curve
Good
Poor
Strategic
Performance
Time
Anticipatory
Reactive
Crisis
We need to
move fast.
Who can I
Trust?
Where do we
start?

3.Triggers for change

L ead an d
co m m u n icate
ch an g e
Evaluate,
consolidate
and
institutionaliz
e new
approaches
Produce more
change
Ensure Resources for
short term projects
and wins
Implement new
instruments
and demonstrative
projects
Leadership
and Coalition
of Partners
Create a Sense of
Urgency for change
Empower staff and
stakeholders to act
on the vision
Create a Vision
and Strategy
TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 1: Create a common sense
of urgency
• Identify and discuss anticipation to potential
crises or looming crises, or major opportunities
for change on objective and on emotional
grounds
• Examine market and competitive realities
• Formulate the “why to change”
• Refer to leading and peer scientific research /
models / best practice

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 2: Form a Powerful
Leadership & Coalition of Partners
• Assemble a group with enough and potential
power to lead the change effort
• Encourage the group to work together as a team
• Seek strategic partners outside your organisation

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 3: Create a Vision and
Strategy
• Create a vision to help direct the change effort
• Develop strategies for achieving that vision
• Define demonstrative actions

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 4 : Empower staff and
stakeholders to act on the Vision
• Change systems, structures that seriously
undermine the vision
• Encourage risk taking and non-traditional ideas,
activities and actions
• Get rid of obstacles and routines that adverse
change
• Facilitate new behaviours by the example of the
guiding coalition and example

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 5 : Ensure resources for
Short-term Projects and Wins
• Ensure budgets and human resources for
demonstrative and innovative projects that have
proven to be successful in other countries
• Ensure budgets and committed staff to initiate
risk projects
• Hire and promote employees who can implement
the vision.(in case you don’t find them within
your organisation, hire expertise for change from
outside)

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 6 : Implement
Demonstrative Projects and
Instruments
• Plan for publicly visible improvements
• Facilitate and create those improvements and
projects
• Encourage demonstrative projects
• Recognise and reward employees involved in the
improvements

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 7 : Evaluate, Consolidate
and Institutionalise New
Approaches, Produce More Change
• Use your increased credibility to change policies,
structures and routines that don’t fit the vision
• Reinvigorate the process with new projects,
themes and change agents
• Articulate the connections between the new
behaviours and corporate success

TRIGGERS FOR CHANGE
• Trigger 8 : Lead and
communicate the change
process
• Use every vehicle possible to
communicate the new vision and
strategies
• Your change agents and change agents in
waiting are the people you rely on
• Mixed approach to the hesitating and the
pro-active resistors.
• The group of the defensive resistors
should not be targeted
PRO-ACTIVE
RESISTORS
DEFENSIVE
RESISTORS
BYSTANDERS
CHANGE
AGENTS
CHANGE
AGENTS
IN
WAITING
Actively
Against
Neutral Strongly
Supportive
Yes
No
Have
necessary
attitude and
skills for
proposed
change
Commitment to Proposed Change

The 4 communicative approaches for change
Cognitive approach: objective data to convince the
‘rationalist’
Learning approach: Training and guidance on best
and promising practices to convince the ‘learning’
Conversational approach: maintain conversational
interaction with stakeholders to convince the ‘willing’
Coercise approach to the active resistors and non -
willing

WRAP UP
• Change management involves both
generating and directing the needed
changes in an organisation and
mastering the drivers / dynamics of
change by organizing, implementing
and supporting the triggers for
change

THE CONTENT
the WHAT of
change
THE PROCESS
The HOW to
Change
THE CONTEXT
The WHY of
Change
Crafting Change

Change Management for The Change

More Related Content

What's hot

Similar to Change Management for The Change

More from Mamdouh Sakr

Change Management for The Change