Challenges in indian pharmaceutical industry due to globalization
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Globalisation is a process which involves economic inter-dependence of countries world-wide removing all barriers for economic integration as if the whole world is a single village. Obviously, in this process, the rich nations with their superior financial power, control the scenario and the poor and the developing nations are forced to integrate surrendering their economic independence knowing fully well what they are forced to accept is really prejudicial to their own interest.
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The document provides information about the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
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- The Drugs Controller General of India heads CDSCO and is advised by the Drug Technical Advisory Board and Drugs Consultative Committee.
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- Proper stocking, coding, and arrangement of drugs in the pharmacy by manufacturer, action, or alphabetically is necessary for efficient management. Adequate staffing of qualified pharmacists and other employees is also required.
- Selection of an appropriate site for the pharmacy based on factors like proximity to hospitals,
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The document discusses generic medicines and their evolution. It notes that generic medicines provide significant economic advantages to consumers and the pharmaceutical industry by decreasing drug prices after brand name patents expire. Approximately 50% of prescriptions in many countries are now filled by lower cost generic drugs. The generic drug market in India, which supplies over 30% of the global generic market, is growing substantially and expected to reach $72 billion by 2020. While generic drugs must demonstrate bioequivalence to the brand name version, they provide significant cost savings over branded drugs for both consumers and healthcare systems.
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- DPCO lists essential medicines and regulates their ceiling prices based on market data. It aims to make medicines affordable while ensuring quality and rational use.
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Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA)
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An Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) contains data which when submitted to FDA's CDER, Office of Generic Drugs, provides for the review and ultimate approval of a generic drug product.
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- Proper stocking, coding, and arrangement of drugs in the pharmacy by manufacturer, action, or alphabetically is necessary for efficient management. Adequate staffing of qualified pharmacists and other employees is also required.
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PRESENT SCENARIO OF INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN VIEW OF GLOBAL ...
THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT HAS STARTED TO ENCOURAGE THE GROWTH OF DRUG MANUFACTURING BY INDIAN COMPANIES IN THE EARLY 1960s. AT PRESENT THERE ARE MANY NUMBER OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES IN INDIA WITH MANY NOVEL DRUG INVENTORIES
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The document discusses generic medicines and their evolution. It notes that generic medicines provide significant economic advantages to consumers and the pharmaceutical industry by decreasing drug prices after brand name patents expire. Approximately 50% of prescriptions in many countries are now filled by lower cost generic drugs. The generic drug market in India, which supplies over 30% of the global generic market, is growing substantially and expected to reach $72 billion by 2020. While generic drugs must demonstrate bioequivalence to the brand name version, they provide significant cost savings over branded drugs for both consumers and healthcare systems.
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The document discusses the National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) and the Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) in India. Some key points:
- NPPA was established to fix and revise prices of essential medicines and ensure their availability. DPCO enables the government to regulate prices of essential medicines.
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The Indian pharmaceutical industry is worth about $10 billion and growing at 8-9% annually. Major players include Dr. Reddy's, Cipla, Lupin, Ranbaxy, and Aurobindo Pharmaceuticals. The industry manufactures 70% of drugs for domestic use and exports medicines worth $11 billion. While India imports some drugs and ingredients, the industry focuses on research and development, with top companies spending $2000 crores annually on R&D. The future of the industry is promising due to the growing domestic market, increasing exports, and advances in technology.
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1) Eli Lilly and Ranbaxy formed a 50-50 joint venture in 1992 called Eli Lilly Ranbaxy to take advantage of opportunities in the growing Indian market.
2) The JV allowed Lilly to gain access to Ranbaxy's distribution network and production facilities in India while Ranbaxy benefited from Lilly's technical expertise and training programs.
3) The JV performed well by launching new products, focusing on therapeutic areas of Lilly's strength, and adding value to Ranbaxy's existing products. Cultural fit and clear governance structures contributed to the J
Pharmaceutical industry in india
The pharmaceutical industry is comprised of organizations that perform scientific research to discover and develop new drugs and market medicines for human and animal health. The industry is based on research and development of medicines that prevent or treat diseases. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is among the top 10 markets globally and generated over $20 billion in revenue last year, expected to reach $26 billion by 2016. It produces drugs for various therapeutic areas and accounts for 1.4% of the global pharmaceutical market, ranking 3rd in production volume and 13th by production size. The market is expected to grow to $55 billion by 2020. India exports drugs to over 200 countries, with the US, EU, and Africa being top importers. Major Indian companies include Sun Ph
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Make In India – Healthcare Reforms, Insurance, Innovations, Investments
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How Did The Pharma Export Market Emerge During The Pandemic.pptx
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Present Status and Scope of Pharmaceutical industry in India
Present Status and Scope of Pharmaceutical industry in India
Understanding Political and Economic aspect of modern medicine and the use of...
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
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We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
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Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
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aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
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Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
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The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
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bordetella pertussis.................................ppt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
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Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Challenges in indian pharmaceutical industry due to globalization
- 1. CHALLENGES IN INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY DUE TO GLOBALIZATION OF IPR Vishnu GM
- 2. Indian pharmaceutical industry • One of the most successful industries in India. • Ranks 3rd in the volume of production. • Ranks 10th in value. • Produces about 20 %of the world’s drugs. • India has become a prime destination for manufacture of branded and generic drugs with a strong export element.
- 3. • It is estimated that around 40 % of the generic drugs in the US come from India. • India to be recognized as ‘ Pharmacy of the World’. • Total turn over between 2008-09 :$21 billion • Grown from $0.3 billion in 1980
- 4. Challenges faced by IPI • Control of the drug price • Regulatory aspects • Research and drug discovery • Patents and intellectual property rights • Health Insurance and Out of Pocket Expenditure • Ethics • Human Resources Requirement
- 6. • Patented drugs make up approx 8% of total market sales in India. • 92% of Indian drug market is out of patent. • Prior to 2005, only processes were patentable and not the end product. • So, if a company chose to manufacture the same product but used a different process, it could do so without violating Indian patent laws.
- 7. • With the 2005 ammendment , product patents and process patents have permitted for 20 years . • IPR in the pharma sector has been a contentious issue globally. • Over a period of time , the Indian authorities have become more sensitized to the need and importance of IPR protection for the long term good of industry.
- 9. Alternatives to reduce price • patent opposition • compulsory licensing
- 14. 2. Pitfalls to R&D 1. Commitment of huge investment without any returns for 8-10 years 2. Drug discovery hindered by lack of quqlified scientists