This document discusses listening and critical thinking. It defines listening as an active process of receiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and nonverbal messages, which is important for building relationships and success. There are different types of listening, including active listening which listens with purpose versus enjoyment listening. Critical listening requires evaluating a speaker's message for accuracy, meaningfulness, and usefulness. The document also discusses how to be an effective listener through taking notes, asking questions, and using critical thinking to analyze a message.

1. CH5 LISTENING AND CRITICAL THINKING
MARIA SUBERT

2. HEARING AND LISTENING ARE DIFFERENT
 Hearing: the act of receiving sounds
 Listening: the active process of receiving, constructing
meaning from, and responding to spoken and nonverbal
messages.

3. LISTENING IS IMPORTANT:
 Listening is our most common communication
activity.
 It helps us build and maintain relationships
 It is essential for success in most professional
situation

4. ACTIVE AND INACTIVE LISTENING
 Active listening: listening with purpose.
 Not active listening: Enjoyment listening.
We listen in a relaxing, fun, emotionally stimulating
situation.

5. FORMS OF ACTIVE LISTENING
Forms of active listening
 Emphatic listening: when you are attempting to
understand another person.
 Critical listening: requires evaluating the speaker’s
message for accuracy, meaningfulness, and
usefulness.

6. SELECTIVE & AUTOMATIC ATTENTION
 Selective attention: the sustained focus we give to
things that are important.
 Automatic attention: the instinctive focus we give to
important things in our surroundings.

7. MEMORY
 Working memory where we interpret and assign
meaning to things we hear
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adnOPRkQ9VY
 Short-term memory: a temporary storage for
information.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl3zvJ2YRss
 Long-term memory is our permanent storage for
information including past experiences.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJc-0V5ASw0

8. ORIENTATION
 Man are more instrumental/task-oriented when
communicating
women tend to be more relationally oriented

9. CRITICAL LISTENING: EXAMINE SITUATION, SOURCE CREDIBILITY,
AND ARGUMENT.
 Source credibility: the extent to which the speaker is
perceived as competent and trustworthy
 One way to analyze the credibility of speaker is to determine
whether or not they are reporting based on first person
observation (something they have seen or experienced
personally).
 Another way is to examine that based on the provided
evidence, the warrant that the speaker use to bridge data
and claim, is satisfactory or not.

10. TOULMIN’S MODEL:
Examine the speaker’s argument with the Toulmin’s model:
 Data: facts, evidences
Are they first-person observations?
 Warrant: What is the reasoning used by the speaker to
move from data to claim? Is there any logical
connection between them?
 Claim: Is the overall point or conclusion logical and
clear?
If any of these elements are missing, the argument has no
foundation.

11. EFFECTIVE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
 ask questions
 identify areas of agreement
 vary verbal response
 provide clear verbal response
 use descriptive language
 provide affirmative and affirming statements
 avoid complex silence
 and allow the other the opportunity of complete hearing.

12. CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:
o ask questions for clarification
o paraphrase the speaker’s message
o paraphrase the speaker’s intent
o identify areas of confusion
o invite clarification and correction
o go back to the beginning to check if your new
understanding

13. EFFECTIVE LISTENING STRATEGY IN THE CLASSROOM:
 involves to take effective notes.
20% of the college students who took effective notes
ended up to get A instead of C.
 Listen for the lesson cues: verbal or nonverbal signs
that stress points or indicate transitions between
ideas.

14. INFORMATION LITERACY:
 Information literacy:
recognition when info is needed and
have ability to locate, evaluate and use the
needed information.

15. DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
 The principal problem with digital communication:
nonverbal communication, that provides significant
clues about the other person’s emotions and feelings—
is difficult.

16. SECOND LANGUAGE LISTENING
 Second language listening development requires
vocabulary comprehension and metacognitive
awareness.
 Metacognition is your ability to use mental strategies
to assist to quickly determining the meaning of the
words.

17. THINGS THAT PREVENT YOU FROM BECOMING EFFECTIVE
LISTENER:
Noises that prevent from being an effective listener:
 noise (physical and internal distraction)
 physical distraction (audible noises in the environment)
 internal noise (mental, factual, semantic distraction)
 perception of others and own behavior.

18. THINGS THAT HELP TO BECOME MORE EFFECTIVE LISTENER
Developing your critical thinking, nonverbal and verbal skills.
 Critical thinking: careful analysis of the communication situation
and the speaker’s message, evaluating the argument and
supporting material presented, and the speaker’s credibility.
 Effective non-verbal strategies: be responsive, use positive facial
expressions, direct eye contact, and positive vocal utterances.
 Effective verbal strategies: asking questions, inviting additional
comments, using descriptive responses, providing affirming
statements.

19. ETHICAL LISTENING:
You should recognize and monitor
your own communication style, apply
general ethical principles to your
responses, and adapt your
communication styles to others.