The document summarizes the conflict in Northern Ireland between Catholics and Protestants from the 1960s to the 1990s. It began as a peaceful civil rights movement by Catholics that faced hostility. Bloody Sunday in 1972, when British troops shot and killed 13 civilians during a protest march, marked a turning point and led to increased violence by both sides. The IRA emerged to use violence against the British army and government. Over 3,000 people were killed total during the decades-long conflict before a peace agreement was reached in 1998, though tensions remained.

1. COUNTRIES DIVIDED

2. NORTHERN IRELAND

3. From peaceful protest Marches to Violence Mid-1960s – Civil Rights Movement emerged Demanded equal rights and to protest against unfair treatment of Catholics Made peaceful demands for basic rights such as housing, jobs, education and voting

4. From peaceful protest Marches to Violence CRM met with hostility and violence from some Protestants Including the police force who thought it was an attempt to weaken the government The CRM in 1968 marked the beginning of a period known as The Troubles in Northern Ireland

5. From peaceful protest Marches to Violence As the situation worsened, government called for more help Aug 1969, British Army units were sent to N.I. To help keep order At first, Catholics welcomed them – thought they would be protected As army began searching their homes and arresting suspects, they soon lost faith in the British Army

6. From peaceful protest Marches to Violence 1972 : a peaceful civil rights march was shot at by British troops 13 civilians were shot dead; many wounded Bloody Sunday – turning point in Catholic-Protestant ties

7. BLOODY SUNDAY

8. BLOODY SUNDAY

9. BLOODY SUNDAY

10. BLOODY SUNDAY

11. VIDEO CLIP : BLOODY SUNDAY

12. From peaceful protest Marches to Violence After 1972 : More violence Catholic homes petrol-bombed by Protestants Families forced to flee; looting by mobs Catholic businesses and pubs burnt and bombed Often witnessed by local police force passively British Army raided Catholic homes, using force and damaging property

13. From peaceful protest Marches to Violence Feeling more desperate, the Catholics turned to the Irish Republican Army (IRA) for help IRA : An illegal organisation formed largely of Northern Irish Catholics Aim is to use violence to drive out the British Army and the representatives of the British government Between 1969 and 1993, more than 3,000 people were killed in the conflict IRA responsible for 2/3 of the deaths Sometimes killed innocent Protestants too

14. Effects of the Protestant-Catholic Conflict The conflict has not been resolved Often it is the innocent who are caught in the middle of the violence Eg many of the 1,750 who died between 1969 and 1977 were not directly involved Many grow up with prejudices against each other Affected economic development Investments have decreased drastically Violence has frightened away tourists

15. Aftermath Throughout 1970s and 1980s, IRA and British govt reps have met but failed to come to an agreement Late 1990s – British govt, Irish govt, IRA and N.I. Community leaders actively discussed the N.I. peace accord But this was rejected by a splinter group of the IRA – responded with a series of bomb attacks in Belfast An agreement was reached in 1998. Peace is still uncertain as tension still exists

17. CONCLUSION Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland Important for people of different races and religions to live in harmony Conflict destroys lives, homes and property Everyone suffers Need to be sensitive to one another’s needs Failure to understand and respect other’s rights will harm the country in many ways Weakens development of the country Provides excuse for stronger neighbours to interfere

18. CONCLUSION Conflicts in Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland cannot be resolved overnight Consequences of fighting and destruction still exist Will continue to exist until a solution is arrived at

19. VIDEO CLIP : BLOODY SUNDAY