Some of the major internal threats faced in ancient India, China, and Southeast Asia included natural disasters like floods, famines, and volcanic eruptions. Societal issues also posed threats, such as civil wars during periods of instability, peasant rebellions when populations were unhappy with their rulers, and succession disputes and warfare that arose from power struggles. Kingdoms developed responses like rebuilding flooded cities, establishing dyke systems, and maintaining spy networks and military forces to deal with these internal threats.