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Immigrants N Contribution

The document discusses the different immigrant groups that contributed to Singapore's development, including Europeans, Chinese, Malays, and Indians. It describes the push and pull factors that drove immigration, where different groups settled, and their various contributions as laborers, traders, bankers, and more. It also addresses the poor living conditions immigrants faced and philanthropic efforts like hospitals and schools that helped improve social impacts.

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What Part did the Different Immigrants Play in Singapore’s Development? Date
Who were the immigrants? ✤ Mostly men ✤ permanent stayers ✤ temporary stayers ✤ 1824 - 10683 (31% - Chinese, 60% - Malays, 7% - Indians, 2% - Others) ✤ 1931 - 418640 (75% - Chinese, 12% - Malays, 9% - Indians, 4% - Others)
Push Factors ✤ Natural disasters ✤ Shortage of jobs ✤ Scarcity of food
Pull Factors ✤ Job opportunities ✤ No natural disasters ✤ Plentiful food supplies
From Europe Britain, Portugal, Holland
From China Southern provinces, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan Island Date
From Arabia Yemen Date
From India and Ceylon Tamils from Madras and Negapatam, Punjabis, Bengalis, Gujeratis, Parsees, Sinhalese Date
Malay Archipelago Sumatra, Riau-Lingga Archipelago, Javanese, Boyanese, Bugis Date
From Penang and Melaka Straits Chinese (Peranakans)
Where do they stay? 1822, Singapore Town Plan
How did the town plan work? ✤ Jungles were cleared for plantations (gambier, rubber) ✤ Different races to be segregated ✤ Chinese were separated according to their dialect group ✤ kapitan to be appointed to take charge of internal affairs of each community ✤ John Crawfurd undertook the town plan after Raffles left in 1823
Singapore Town Plan, 1822 ✤ Chinatown ✤ Commercial Square (centre of commerce activities) ✤ Chulia Kampong ✤ European Town (Big houses and tree-lined roads) ✤ Kampong Bugis
Contributions of ✤ Europeans ✤ set up big trading companies and agency houses ✤ sold goods through Chinese middlemen (Straits-born Chinese)
Contributions of ✤ Chinese ✤ unskilled labourers working at docks and construction sites ✤ Straits Chinese (Middle-men/ coolie agents) provided support services
Contributions of ✤ Malay ✤ provided basic necessities ✤ gardeners and huntsmen ✤ shipbuilders
Contributions of ✤ Indians ✤ labourers carrying cargoes at docks, clearing jungles ✤ Chettiars provided banking and transportation services (till 1860s) ✤
Social Impacts ✤ Situation of the immigrants: ✤ Poor and diseased ✤ abused as coolies in the slave trade ✤ secret societies ✤ opium smoking
Social Impacts ✤ Tan Tock Seng, Syed Mohamed bin Alsagoff ✤ philanthropy acts ✤ Paupers’ Hospital on Pearl’s Hill, 1844 ✤ Thong Chai Medical Institution, 1867
Social Impacts ✤ Christian missionaries from Europe and America set up schools ✤ Chinese Girls’ School (St. Margaret’s School)