In this ppt, you'll fully understand the meaning of the nation, the state and globalization. Also, you'll understand the difference between the nation and the state. The advantage and disadvantage of Globalization. Lastly, the evolution of politics and governance here in the Philippines.

1. https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1MQBwy
NuV5vyWvWuzXwTHz4s52erhVYTgGYPIcG
Ow6sY/edit

3. LESSON 4.
NATION,STATE AND
GLOBALIZATION

4. WHAT IS NATION-STATE?
• The term nation-state is a combination of two words, nation
and state which is different but interlinked concepts (R.A. &
Reidan Pawilen 2016).
• Nation is a large group of people who inhabit a specific
territory and are connected by history, culture, or another
commonality (Rosenberg 2020).
• State is a form of human association that is distinguished from
other social groups by its purpose, establishment of security
and order, the territory and sovereignty.
• Nation-state a system of organization in which people with
common identity living in one territory with a single
government.

5. ELEMENTS OF
STATE
1.People
2.Territory
3.Government
4.Sovereignty

6. 1. PEOPLE (POPULATION)
The most important element is
the inhabitants of the state.
According to Aristotle, the
number of people should neither
be too small nor too large. It
should be large enough to be
self-sufficing and small to be well
governed.

7. 2. TERRITORY
The place of which the
population resides which
includes land, water and air-
space.
This provides the resources
for the sustenance of the
population and produce a
sense of security.

8. 3. GOVERNMENT
The political organization of
the state.
The institution that handles
the political affairs,
promotion of common
interest and secure the order
of the state.

9. 4. SOVEREIGNTY
The term is derived from the Latin
word superanus which means
supreme power.
This distinguish the state from
another organization or state in a
legal sense.
In principle, this makes the state free
from the interference of another state
in the domestic affairs (Allen Sens
2012).

10. WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?
The spread of products, technology, information and
job across national borders and cultures (Kopp 2020).
The process by which ideas, goods and services
spread throughout the world (Rouse2020).
In the National Geographic Encyclopaedia this term is
used to describe how trade and technology have
made the world into a more connected and
interdependent place (2019).

12. LESSON 5.
EVOLUTION OF PHILIPPINE
POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

13. “Leadership is not
about titles, positions
or flowcharts.
It is about one life
influencing another.”
~ John C. Maxwell

16. THE PRE-SPANISH GOVERNMENT OF
THE PHILIPPINES
 Before the Spanish arrived in the Philippines, Filipinos live a civilize
place called Barangay.
 Barangay came from the Malay word balangay which means
sailboat.
 Barangay is a self-sustaining community which consist of 30 to 100
families.
 It is ruled by a chieftain or king called Datu, in the larger barangay
rulers are called Raja or Lakan.
 The position of Datu is inherited which exercises great powers, he
acts as the chief executive, legislator, judge and commander of
warriors in the barangay.

17. Decisions are not purely made by a
Datu, the approval of the elders in the
barangay is needed for it is believed that
elder’s has wisdom.
Laws are written and oral announced by
the Umalohokan.
There are three social classes: the nobles
(maharlika), freemen (timawas) and
slaves (alipin).

18. THE SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEMThe aim of the Spanish colonization is 3G’s which refer to as God
(Religion), Gold (Resources) and Glory (recognition).
The Council of the Indies is governing body of Spain’s colonies,
composed of 6 to 10 councillors appointed by the kings. Its job is to
prepare and issue legislation that governs colonies in the king’s name,
approve important acts and expenditures by the colonial officials and
acted as a court.
During this time, a Governor General who is representative of the
king in the colony, served as a president or chief justice of the Royal
Audiencia or Supreme Court. He exercises power of a Monarch and
has a veto power.

19. The ROYAL AUDIENCIA is
created by the Royal Decree
on May 15, 1583 which held
its first session in Manila in
June 15, 1584. It puts to trial
all criminal and civil cases
appealed to it by the lower
court, it also performed
executive and legislative
functions.

20. RESIDENCIA is a peculiar judicial
institution, the head for the trial of
the outgoing Governor General
who is obliged to give an
accounting of their acts during the
term of office.
A VISITADOR is known to be an
investigating officer which the
sent to Manila a certain time to
investigate the condition in the
Philippines.

21. An ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM is the grant
of inhabitants living in particular
conquered territory which is given by
the Spanish colonizer as a reward for
his service. The Encomendero can
collect tribute from the inhabitants but
it doesn’t include the land, natural
resources and the services of the
inhabitants. In exchange of this, the
Encomendero is obliged by the law to
promote the welfare of the inhabitants.

22. Aside from paying the tribute, the male inhabitants from 16
to 60 years of age were oblige to render forced labour that
should last 40 days but then later reduce to 15 days in 1884.
This becomes a reason for discrimination and abuse for the
Filipinos because the Indios or the pure blooded Filipinos
are the ones who do the work.
For better administrative, the Philippines was divided into
provinces called Alcadias governed by an Alcalde Mayor,
the provinces were divided into Pueblos or towns headed by
a Gobernadorcillo. Every Pueblo was divided into smaller
barangays headed by the Cabeza de Barangay.

23. THE FILIPINO REVOLTS AND NATIONALISM
Many early revolts against Spanish rule were caused chiefly
by the people’s desire to regain their lost freedom because
of oppression, the unfair tribute, force labour and religious
persecution.
When the Philippines was opened to world trade, the liberal
ideas of Europe and America contained in books streamed
into the country. The liberal thoughts from the success of
the French and American revolutions made the Filipinos
wonder about their deplorable situation, that it starts the
talk about politics, justice, liberty and reforms.

24. The ILLUSTRADOS or
wealthy Filipino natives who
were capable to study abroad
made a Propaganda
Movement which is an
aggressive and at the same
time peaceful fight against
Spain through writings and
speeches to crusade for
reforms.

25. LA SOLIDARIDAD is founded by
Graciano Lopez Jaena in Barcelona,
Spain in February 15, 1899. It’s a
newspaper which aims to: portray the
unacceptable condition of the
Philippines; to work peacefully for
political and social reforms; advocate
liberal ideas and progress; and
champion the legitimate aspirations
the Filipino people for democracy.

26. The propagandist and contributors
of La Solidaridad are Marcelo H. del Pilar,
Jose P. Rizal, Mariano Ponce, Antonio
Luna, Jose Ma. Panganiban, Pedro
Paterno, Jose Alejandrino.

27. Asociacion Hispano-Filipina is an
association that is organized by
the Filipino propagandist and
their Spanish friends to secure
reforms in the Philippines.
La Liga Filipina is a civic
association composed of
established by Dr. Jose Rizal on
July 3, 1892 in the house at Ilaya
Street, Tondo with its constitution
constitution and aims.

28. A secret revolutionary society
Kataas-taasan Kagalang-
galangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan (KKK) in the
of Andres Bonifacio to fight for
freedom. The KKK aims to unite
the Filipinos into one solid
nation and fight for
independence. The Katipunan
Government has a Supreme
Council (Kataastaasang
Sanggunian).

29. In the TEJEROS CONVENTION, where the first
voting, Andres Bonifacio lost against Emilio
Aguinaldo as the first President of the
Philippines.
When the Spanish was defeated against the
American, the Spaniards sold the Philippines to
the American through the Treaty of Paris. The
Americans then took hold of the country.The
Revolutionary Government tried to fight against
the Americans for three years and surrender after
losing.

30. To manage the country under the American
rule, the Schurman Commission in 1899 is
made, headed by Dr. Jacob Schurman having
the basic objectives of establishing the civil
government and train Filipinos in different
positions in the government. Taft Commission
is established in 1900, transition of the
government form revolutionary to civil and
democratic one.

31. In 1902, the Philippine Organic Act is
implemented which created the Philippine
Commission. This lead to the created the
office of the Civil Governor and Vice
Governor to exercise powers of the
government though would still submit to the
discretion to the President of America.
Philippine Assembly is also created which
acted a lower house to the Philippine
Commission which held its first election in
1907.

32. Democracy has become more
established with the 1935 Constitution.
In 1973, the constitution is remodelled
after Democracy is set-aside after the
declaration of Martial Law in 1972. The
1987 Constitution reinstated the
Democracy.