Ch.13.measurements
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This document discusses different units used to measure physical quantities like length, mass, time, and temperature in the International System of Units (SI). It explains that the standard units for length, mass, and time are the metre, kilogram, and second, respectively. Smaller and larger units are defined as decimal multiples or submultiples of these standard units. Methods for measuring time, temperature, and different liquids used in thermometers are also outlined.
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The standard SI units for measuring length, mass, and time are the metre, kilogram, and second, respectively. Smaller units are defined as fractions or multiples of these base units, such as the centimetre being 0.01 metres and the kilogram being 1000 grams. Common devices for measuring these quantities include balances and spring scales for mass, and thermometers use liquids like mercury or alcohol that change volume with temperature. Temperature is typically measured on the Celsius scale, which is defined by the freezing and boiling points of water.
Ch.13.measurements
Three key measurements are length, mass, and time. Measurements are made using standardized units, with scientists worldwide using the International System of Units (SI units). The standard SI units are the meter for length, kilogram for mass, and second for time. Various instruments are used to accurately measure these quantities, including rulers, balances, and stopwatches. Temperature is also an important measurement, with the most common scale being Celsius and key reference points of 0°C and 100°C. Liquids like mercury and alcohol are commonly used in thermometers due to their freezing and boiling points.
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Chapter 1
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This document discusses various concepts related to measurement in physics. It defines measurement and physical quantities, and categorizes quantities as fundamental or derived. It introduces various systems of units like SI, CGS, MKS etc. and their fundamental units. It describes units, prefixes and rules for writing units. It also discusses instruments and their least count, accuracy, precision and significant figures in measurements. Finally, it covers rounding off numbers and applying significant figures in calculations.
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Chapter 1 - Unit s and Measurement.pptx
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
CLASS XI
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 1
UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
Introduction
The international system of
units
Measurement of length
Measurement of mass
Measurement of time
Accuracy, precision of
instruments and errors in
measurement
Significant figures
Dimensions of physical
quantities
Dimensional formulae and
dimensional equations
Dimensional analysis and its
applications
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- 2. Measuringlength The standard SI unit for measuring length is metre. Unit Symbol Number of meters Kilometre km 1000 m Metre m 1 m Centimetre cm 0.01 m Millimetre mm 0.001 m Micrometre μm 0.000 001 m nanometre nm 0.000 000 001 m
- 3. MeasuringMass The standard SI unit for measuring mass is kilogram. Unit Symbol Number of kilograms megaton Mt 1000 000 000 kg ton t 1000 kg Kilogram kg 1 kg Gram g 0.001 kg milligram mg 0.000 001 kg
- 4. Balance scales Top pan balance Spring balance
- 5. Measuringtime The standard SI unit for measuring time is the second. Unit Symbol Number of kilograms Day d 86 400 s (1440 min. or 24 h) Hour h 3600 s (60 min.) Minute min 60 s Second s 1 s millisecond ms 0.001 s
- 6. MeasuringTemperature The hotness or coldness of a substance is measured by taking its temperature. The temperature of a substance is measured on a scale. The most commonly used temperature scale is the Celsius scale. Its two fixed points are 0 ⁰C and 100 ⁰C. Laboratory thermometers usually have a scale from -10 ⁰C to 110 ⁰C.
- 7. The lowest possible temperature, known as absolute zero is -273 ⁰C. Temperatures can go as high as millions of degrees Celsius.
- 8. Liquidsinthermometers Two liquids that are commonly used in thermometers are mercury and alcohol. Mercury has a freezing point of -39 ⁰C and a boiling point of 360 ⁰C. Alcohol has a freezing point of -112 ⁰C and a boiling point of 78 ⁰C.