This document discusses basic concepts in chemistry related to textiles, including: 1. How properties of materials are quantitatively measured using units and instruments. Common properties discussed include weight, length, temperature, and strength. 2. The physical properties of textile materials, including thermal, optical, electrical, and resistance properties. 3. How measurement involves using a suitable unit and instrument, and the importance of significant figures in accounting for uncertainty in measurements. Common units used in the metric system like kilograms, meters, and liters are also outlined. 4. The process of converting between different units used to measure the same quantity, using conversion factors like those to change between kilograms and pounds

1. CHEMISTRY
FOR TEXTILE
1. Basic concepts
L1: Measurement
Basicconcepts
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2. MEASUREMENT
 In study of science we
frequently encounter
such properties of
materials which are to
be assessed
quantitatively. A few
examples of such
properties are weight,
length, volume,
temperature, voltage
etc.
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3. PHYSICAL PROPERTEIS OF
MATERIALS
Mechanical properties
 Tensile Strength
 Shear strength
 Fatigue
 Impact strength
 Bursting strength
 Tear Resistance
 Hardness
 Abrasion Resistance
 Peel strength
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4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
TEXTILE MATERIALS
 Thermal properties
 Thermal conductivity
 Heat capacity
 Optical properties
 Reflection
 Refraction
 Electrical properties
 Chemical resistance
 Weathering
 Washing fastness
 Light fastness
 Rubbing fastness
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5. HOW WE MEASURE
 We measure quantities
using a suitable unit and
measuring instrument.
 For e.g. to measure 1
liter of milk we can use a
measuring jug.
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6. UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
BASIC UNITS IN METRIC
SYSTEM
Mass
Length
Volume
Time
Temperatue
Energy
Amount of
substance
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 Kilogram
 Meter
 Liter
 Second
 Kelvin
 joule
 Mole
 Second

7. MASS
 There many units for
measuring mass.
 There are also smaller
and larger units of each
units.
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Kilogram
Gram
Milligram
Microgram

8. LENGTH
 Unit of length in SI
system is “meter”.
 There super and sub
units of meters to
measure larger and
smaller articles.
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9. VOLUME
 Volume can be measured
in liter, pound, gallon
and many other units.
 SI unit of volume is liter.
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10. MORE UNITS
 Force
 Pressure
 Work
 strength
 Current
 EMF
 light
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 Newton
 Kg/m2
 Newton - meter
 Kg/cm2
 Ampere
 Volt
 Candela

11. UNCERTAINTY IN
MEASUREMENT
 Measurement of any
property is made using
an instrument which
always has some
limitations.
 This weighing balance
cannot measure any
quantity smaller than
0.1 mg.
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12. UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT
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 Burette is used to
measure volume of
liquid. In a 50 ml burette
distance between two
lines measure 0.1 ml.
Any quantity smaller
than 0.1 ml cannot be
measured on this burette
with accuracy.

13. UNCERTAINTY IN MEASUREMENT
 In case of
burette if the
meniscus of
liquid stays
between two
lines, accurate
measurement
cannot be
made.
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14. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
 To show and understand
uncertainty in measuremet
the results of any
measurement are expressed
mathematically up to a
certain number of decimal
digits. These decimal digits
are called significant figure.
 Depending on the accuracy
required, the number of
decimal digits varies.
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 0.1
 0.01
 0.001
 .0001
 Etc.

15. CONVERSION OF UNITS
 There are different
types of units in use
throughout the world.
 One type of units can
be converted to
another type which is
equivalent to the
previous one.
 Kilometers to miles
 Meter to yard
 Centimeters to inches
 Kg and g to pound
 Liter to gallons
 ml to liquid ounce
 Centigrade to
fahrenheight
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16. CONVERSION FACTORS
 Conversion factor is a
mathematical figure
which converts a
quantity in certain
measurement system
to units of another
measurement system.
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 1 kg = 2.2005 lb
 Hence to convert kg to
pound, the number of
kg’s must be
multiplied by 2.2005
for example:
 2 kg is = (2 x 2.005
= 4.014 lb)

17. CONVERSION FACTORS
 Temperature in
degree centigrade can
be converted to
fahrenheight
 °C to °F
°F = 9/5 x °C + 32
 °F to °C
°C = 5/9 x (°F – 32)
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18. CONVERSION FACTORS
 Energy in Joule can
be converted to calorie
and vice versa
 1 cal = 4.184 J
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19. CONVERSION FACTORS
 Length in meters and
kilometers can be
converted to feet,
yards or miles
 1 meter = 39 inches
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20. ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT
 Atomic weight is in
fact not a weight. This
is in fact a comparison
of the size of atoms.
 In the same way
molecular weight is
the total of atomic
weights of all the
atoms in a molecule.
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21. EQUIVALENT WEIGHT
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