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Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences in 1517 sparked the Protestant Reformation. Luther protested abuses in the Catholic Church and came to believe that salvation came through faith alone rather than through faith and good works as the Church taught. Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press and helped establish Protestantism as an alternative to Catholicism in Europe.
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14.1 - Church Reform and The Crusades
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17 renaissance and reformation in northern europe
This document provides information on the Renaissance and Reformation in Northern Europe. It discusses key figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Ulrich Zwingli who led the Protestant Reformation against the Catholic Church. The Reformation started in 1517 when Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church. The document also summarizes developments in science with figures like Copernicus and Vesalius, as well as the arts in places like Flanders and the Netherlands during this period. Major artists mentioned include Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, and Hieronymus Bosch.
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Christian Humanism emerged during the Reformation as a movement that emphasized studying early Christian writings and the Bible to reform the Catholic Church and improve society. A leading figure, Desiderius Erasmus, criticized the Church's corruption and hypocrisy in his influential work "In Praise of Folly" and called for reform from within. Martin Luther also sought reform but eventually broke from the Church over doctrines like salvation by faith alone, sparking the wider Protestant Reformation across Europe in various forms such as Lutheranism, Calvinism, and the Church of England established under King Henry VIII.
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The document discusses the causes of the Protestant Reformation in Germany in the 16th century. It examines factors such as corruption in the Catholic Church hierarchy, the spread of Renaissance and Humanist ideas which encouraged questioning of Church doctrines, and growing German nationalism which disliked Italian influence. Economic hardships and the fragmented political structure of the Holy Roman Empire also weakened the Church's authority. Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses in 1517 challenging indulgence sales triggered the Reformation, which spread rapidly with the help of the new printing press technology.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther issued his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church abuses such as the selling of indulgences. Luther's movement sparked a religious revolution in Germany and other states. By 1555, the Peace of Augsburg forced the Holy Roman Empire to allow German states to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism. Other reform movements like Calvinism and the Church of England also emerged during this period of religious upheaval in Western Europe.
17.2 - The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissance in several key ways. While wealthy merchants and independent city-states drove the Italian Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance was led by powerful monarchies in countries like France. King Francis I of France was a major patron of the arts who sponsored works by Leonardo da Vinci and expanded the royal library. Literature during this period combined humanist ideas with Christianity. Additionally, the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg made books widely accessible for the first time by allowing mass production of written works.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th century movement aimed at reforming corruption within the Catholic Church. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and papal authority in 1517, which helped spark the Reformation. This led to the formation of Protestant religions separate from Catholicism and a split in Christianity. The Reformation spread ideas like "faith alone" and challenged the Church's authority, while the Counter-Reformation strengthened Catholic doctrines and launched the Inquisition in response.
17.3 - Luther Starts The Reformation
The document provides background on the Protestant Reformation that began in the 16th century. It discusses several factors that weakened the authority of the Catholic Church and paved the way for Martin Luther to post his 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the wider Reformation movement in Germany and other parts of Europe. King Henry VIII later broke England away from the Catholic Church to allow for his divorce and establish himself as the head of the Church of England. The Reformation had political as well as religious impacts across Europe.
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14.1 - Church Reform and The Crusades
There's lots covered here. It goes through medieval Catholic Church reform, cathedral styles, the Crusades, and the Spanish Inquisition.
17 renaissance and reformation in northern europe
This document provides information on the Renaissance and Reformation in Northern Europe. It discusses key figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Ulrich Zwingli who led the Protestant Reformation against the Catholic Church. The Reformation started in 1517 when Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing the Church. The document also summarizes developments in science with figures like Copernicus and Vesalius, as well as the arts in places like Flanders and the Netherlands during this period. Major artists mentioned include Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden, and Hieronymus Bosch.
Reformation
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The document discusses the causes of the Protestant Reformation in Germany in the 16th century. It examines factors such as corruption in the Catholic Church hierarchy, the spread of Renaissance and Humanist ideas which encouraged questioning of Church doctrines, and growing German nationalism which disliked Italian influence. Economic hardships and the fragmented political structure of the Holy Roman Empire also weakened the Church's authority. Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses in 1517 challenging indulgence sales triggered the Reformation, which spread rapidly with the help of the new printing press technology.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther issued his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church abuses such as the selling of indulgences. Luther's movement sparked a religious revolution in Germany and other states. By 1555, the Peace of Augsburg forced the Holy Roman Empire to allow German states to choose either Catholicism or Lutheranism. Other reform movements like Calvinism and the Church of England also emerged during this period of religious upheaval in Western Europe.
17.2 - The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance differed from the Italian Renaissance in several key ways. While wealthy merchants and independent city-states drove the Italian Renaissance, the Northern Renaissance was led by powerful monarchies in countries like France. King Francis I of France was a major patron of the arts who sponsored works by Leonardo da Vinci and expanded the royal library. Literature during this period combined humanist ideas with Christianity. Additionally, the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg made books widely accessible for the first time by allowing mass production of written works.
Protestant reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th century movement aimed at reforming corruption within the Catholic Church. Martin Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences and papal authority in 1517, which helped spark the Reformation. This led to the formation of Protestant religions separate from Catholicism and a split in Christianity. The Reformation spread ideas like "faith alone" and challenged the Church's authority, while the Counter-Reformation strengthened Catholic doctrines and launched the Inquisition in response.
17.3 - Luther Starts The Reformation
The document provides background on the Protestant Reformation that began in the 16th century. It discusses several factors that weakened the authority of the Catholic Church and paved the way for Martin Luther to post his 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences in 1517. This sparked the wider Reformation movement in Germany and other parts of Europe. King Henry VIII later broke England away from the Catholic Church to allow for his divorce and establish himself as the head of the Church of England. The Reformation had political as well as religious impacts across Europe.
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The Protestant Reformation occurred in the 16th-17th centuries and was initiated by figures like Martin Luther who published his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517. Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn led to the establishment of the Church of England. William Tyndale translated the Bible into English, while Edmund Spenser and Erasmus sought reform from within the Catholic Church through their writings. The Reformation declined the power of feudalism and the papacy, increased literacy through Bible circulation, and supported intellectual progress, but also led to religious disputes and challenges to faith.
Reformation
The Reformation occurred in the 16th century and resulted in the Christian Church splitting into Catholic and Protestant denominations. Martin Luther protested corrupt practices in the Catholic Church like selling indulgences and instead advocated justification by faith alone without good deeds. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, and his ideas spread, leading other reformers like John Calvin and Henry VIII of England to establish new Protestant churches that rejected the Pope's authority. The split caused religious conflicts but eventually peace agreements divided Western Christianity between Catholic and Protestant branches.
Luther and the reformation
Martin Luther posted 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and doctrine of salvation by faith and works in 1517. This sparked the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Pope's authority and corruption. Luther's ideas spread widely through the new printing press, gaining support and leading to the founding of new Christian churches not under papal authority.
THE REFORMATION
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 with Martin Luther publishing his 95 Theses challenging Catholic Church practices. Over the next century, reformers like Luther, Calvin, and Henry VIII promoted ideas like sola scriptura and challenged papal authority, leading northern Europe like Germany and Switzerland to adopt Protestantism as the dominant religion. The Catholic Church responded with the Counter-Reformation, reforming itself through the Council of Trent while also persecuting Protestants. Today, the Reformation continues to impact principles of religious freedom, separation of church and state, and widespread access to scripture in local languages.
Renaissance and reformation
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a period of cultural and intellectual revival following the Middle Ages. It spread across Europe over subsequent centuries as new ideas in politics, society, religion, and the arts emerged. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious challenge to the Catholic Church in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther. Luther's teachings and the spread of new Protestant faiths like Calvinism divided Europe along religious lines and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
Renaissance and reformation
The Italian Renaissance began in the late Middle Ages as increased trade with Asia exposed Italian cities to new ideas. Wealthy merchant families in cities like Florence supported education and the arts. Florence became the center of Renaissance culture under the patronage of the Medici family. Key features of the Renaissance included a love of art and education, an interest in classical Greek and Roman cultures, and an emphasis on individuals. Humanism stressed the importance of human abilities over religion. Notable Renaissance artists included Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, who created realistic human art and influenced many fields. The printing press helped spread Renaissance ideas, leading to reforms in the Catholic Church and the Protestant Reformation.
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The Protestant Perspective:
Civilization And The Protestant Reformation, by John W. Robbins
Martin Luther nailed 95 theological propositions challenging the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation established principles of democracy, constitutionalism, religious liberty, and a free market economy. It promoted the idea that all individuals have equal standing before God and law, weakening political and religious hierarchies. By translating the Bible into common languages, Luther empowered individuals to interpret scripture for themselves rather than rely on clergy. The Reformation transformed Western society, politics, law, and economics.
Renaissance art reformation
The Protestant Reformation rejected Catholic doctrine and authority, including Catholic art traditions. Protestant reformers rejected religious visual art in churches, often trying to destroy Catholic art. As a result, religious art became less common in Protestant northern Europe, while many Protestant artists turned to secular subjects like portraits and landscapes. One relatively rare Protestant religious painting showed Christ in a naturalistic, unadorned style without iconic elements like halos.
The Renaissance and Reformation
The document discusses key figures of the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 15th to 16th centuries. It profiles Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Gutenberg, Michelangelo, Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and Pope Leo X; describing their lives, accomplishments, and roles in the changes occurring in Europe during this time period of cultural, intellectual, and religious transformation. Bibliographic references are also provided for further information on each individual.
The protestant reformation powerpoint
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to a church door in Germany, criticizing the Catholic Church's practices around indulgences. Luther's ideas of salvation through faith alone and the Bible as the sole religious authority spread rapidly through newly invented printing presses. At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Luther refused to renounce his writings and went into hiding. John Calvin further developed Protestant theology in France and Geneva. Meanwhile, King Henry VIII of England broke with Rome when the pope denied his annulment, establishing the Church of England. The Reformation ultimately divided Western Christianity into numerous denominations.
The English Reformation
Henry VIII was originally Catholic but wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn after Catherine only produced a daughter. The Pope would not grant an annulment so the English Parliament passed the Acts of Supremacy that made Henry, not the Pope, head of the Church in England allowing his marriage to be annulled. Those who denied the King's authority as head, like Sir Thomas More, were executed for treason. This began the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church under Henry VIII.
Renaissance & Reformation
The document provides information on the growth of Italian city-states during the Renaissance period from 1450-1600. Key developments included increased trade and navigation, specialized merchant skills in cities like Florence and Venice, and the rise of ruling families like the Medicis in Florence. It also discusses the political philosopher Machiavelli and his views on power, as well as the Christian humanist movement in northern Europe exemplified by figures like Erasmus and Thomas More who applied scholarly techniques to religious texts and criticized aspects of church and society. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther is also summarized, including his 95 Theses challenging church practices like indulgences and his beliefs in salvation by faith alone and the authority of the Bible.
Reformation by Martin Luther
The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther protested corrupt practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Over the next 40 years, Protestantism was established in Europe. The Reformation was influenced by religious, cultural, political, and economic factors. Martin Luther posted his 95 theses criticizing indulgences in 1517, and was later excommunicated in 1521 for heresy. The Reformation led to the establishment of Protestantism and a split from the Catholic Church.
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The document discusses the political power struggle between the Catholic Church and Holy Roman Empire in the 11th-12th centuries. It describes how Emperor Otto I asserted control over the papacy by installing popes of his choosing. This led to the Investiture Controversy between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over lay investiture. The conflict was eventually settled by the Concordat of Worms in 1122, allowing both secular and religious authority in appointing bishops. The struggle weakened the central authority of the Holy Roman Empire and ensured Germany remained divided.
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This document summarizes key events and figures of the Protestant Reformation. It discusses Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church and posting his 95 Theses, leading other reformers like Calvin, Zwingli, and the Anabaptists. It also outlines the response of the Catholic Church under figures like Ignatius of Loyola and how the Reformation impacted politics and society.
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The events of the PROTESTANT REFORMATION from its start in 1517 until the end of the THIRTY YEARS' WAR in 1648, examining its causes and its impact on the world.
AP Euro CH 14 Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a 16th century German monk who sparked the Protestant Reformation. He criticized the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences and believed salvation came through faith alone, not good works. In 1517, Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, which led to his excommunication in 1520. Luther found protection from the elector of Saxony and refused to recant his beliefs. His writings established key Protestant doctrines like sola fide (faith alone) and sola scriptura (scripture alone as religious authority). The Reformation split Christianity in Europe between Catholic and Protestant denominations.
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1) The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century and saw a rebirth of classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome in areas like art, politics, science, and education.
2) Two of the most famous Italian Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, inventor, and scientist, and Michelangelo, known for realistic sculptures and paintings including the Sistine Chapel.
3) The Protestant Reformation began as a protest against corruption in the Catholic Church and led to new Christian denominations like Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Martin Luther and Henry VIII helped establish these new branches of Christianity.
The Reformation Lecture 1 (Luther)
Here are Luther's 3 main ideas summarized in my own words:
1. Salvation comes through faith in God alone, not through good works or the Church. Faith, not the Church, leads to forgiveness of sins.
2. All Church teachings must be clearly based on the Bible, not traditions or the Pope. The Pope and Church traditions were not real authorities.
3. All Christians are equal in faith, so ordinary people do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.
Ch 17 Renaissance Slides
The document provides an overview of the Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther. It describes the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the Renaissance like thriving cities and wealthy patrons. It discusses influential Renaissance artists, writers, and their works. It then covers the spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe and key northern Renaissance figures. Finally, it outlines the religious and political forces that sparked the Reformation, Luther's role in challenging the Catholic Church, and the ongoing development and spread of Protestantism.
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Reformation period in English Literature
The Protestant Reformation occurred in the 16th-17th centuries and was initiated by figures like Martin Luther who published his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517. Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn led to the establishment of the Church of England. William Tyndale translated the Bible into English, while Edmund Spenser and Erasmus sought reform from within the Catholic Church through their writings. The Reformation declined the power of feudalism and the papacy, increased literacy through Bible circulation, and supported intellectual progress, but also led to religious disputes and challenges to faith.
Reformation
The Reformation occurred in the 16th century and resulted in the Christian Church splitting into Catholic and Protestant denominations. Martin Luther protested corrupt practices in the Catholic Church like selling indulgences and instead advocated justification by faith alone without good deeds. Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, and his ideas spread, leading other reformers like John Calvin and Henry VIII of England to establish new Protestant churches that rejected the Pope's authority. The split caused religious conflicts but eventually peace agreements divided Western Christianity between Catholic and Protestant branches.
Luther and the reformation
Martin Luther posted 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences and doctrine of salvation by faith and works in 1517. This sparked the Protestant Reformation by challenging the Pope's authority and corruption. Luther's ideas spread widely through the new printing press, gaining support and leading to the founding of new Christian churches not under papal authority.
THE REFORMATION
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 with Martin Luther publishing his 95 Theses challenging Catholic Church practices. Over the next century, reformers like Luther, Calvin, and Henry VIII promoted ideas like sola scriptura and challenged papal authority, leading northern Europe like Germany and Switzerland to adopt Protestantism as the dominant religion. The Catholic Church responded with the Counter-Reformation, reforming itself through the Council of Trent while also persecuting Protestants. Today, the Reformation continues to impact principles of religious freedom, separation of church and state, and widespread access to scripture in local languages.
Renaissance and reformation
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a period of cultural and intellectual revival following the Middle Ages. It spread across Europe over subsequent centuries as new ideas in politics, society, religion, and the arts emerged. The Protestant Reformation began as a religious challenge to the Catholic Church in the 16th century, led by Martin Luther. Luther's teachings and the spread of new Protestant faiths like Calvinism divided Europe along religious lines and weakened the power and influence of the Catholic Church.
Renaissance and reformation
The Italian Renaissance began in the late Middle Ages as increased trade with Asia exposed Italian cities to new ideas. Wealthy merchant families in cities like Florence supported education and the arts. Florence became the center of Renaissance culture under the patronage of the Medici family. Key features of the Renaissance included a love of art and education, an interest in classical Greek and Roman cultures, and an emphasis on individuals. Humanism stressed the importance of human abilities over religion. Notable Renaissance artists included Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, who created realistic human art and influenced many fields. The printing press helped spread Renaissance ideas, leading to reforms in the Catholic Church and the Protestant Reformation.
Protestant Reformation
William Shakespeare was an English Renaissance writer. Some of his most famous quotes reflect on themes of wisdom, love, and greatness. The document also provides background on the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century and its effects. Martin Luther's nailing of his 95 Theses challenging Catholic Church practices in 1517 is seen as marking the start of the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation transformed Christianity and had wide-ranging impacts across Europe.
11 the results of the reformation
The Protestant Perspective:
Civilization And The Protestant Reformation, by John W. Robbins
Martin Luther nailed 95 theological propositions challenging the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation. The Reformation established principles of democracy, constitutionalism, religious liberty, and a free market economy. It promoted the idea that all individuals have equal standing before God and law, weakening political and religious hierarchies. By translating the Bible into common languages, Luther empowered individuals to interpret scripture for themselves rather than rely on clergy. The Reformation transformed Western society, politics, law, and economics.
Renaissance art reformation
The Protestant Reformation rejected Catholic doctrine and authority, including Catholic art traditions. Protestant reformers rejected religious visual art in churches, often trying to destroy Catholic art. As a result, religious art became less common in Protestant northern Europe, while many Protestant artists turned to secular subjects like portraits and landscapes. One relatively rare Protestant religious painting showed Christ in a naturalistic, unadorned style without iconic elements like halos.
The Renaissance and Reformation
The document discusses key figures of the Renaissance and Reformation periods from the 15th to 16th centuries. It profiles Leonardo da Vinci, Johannes Gutenberg, Michelangelo, Niccolo Machiavelli, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli, and Pope Leo X; describing their lives, accomplishments, and roles in the changes occurring in Europe during this time period of cultural, intellectual, and religious transformation. Bibliographic references are also provided for further information on each individual.
The protestant reformation powerpoint
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to a church door in Germany, criticizing the Catholic Church's practices around indulgences. Luther's ideas of salvation through faith alone and the Bible as the sole religious authority spread rapidly through newly invented printing presses. At the Diet of Worms in 1521, Luther refused to renounce his writings and went into hiding. John Calvin further developed Protestant theology in France and Geneva. Meanwhile, King Henry VIII of England broke with Rome when the pope denied his annulment, establishing the Church of England. The Reformation ultimately divided Western Christianity into numerous denominations.
The English Reformation
Henry VIII was originally Catholic but wanted to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn after Catherine only produced a daughter. The Pope would not grant an annulment so the English Parliament passed the Acts of Supremacy that made Henry, not the Pope, head of the Church in England allowing his marriage to be annulled. Those who denied the King's authority as head, like Sir Thomas More, were executed for treason. This began the separation of the Church of England from the Catholic Church under Henry VIII.
Renaissance & Reformation
The document provides information on the growth of Italian city-states during the Renaissance period from 1450-1600. Key developments included increased trade and navigation, specialized merchant skills in cities like Florence and Venice, and the rise of ruling families like the Medicis in Florence. It also discusses the political philosopher Machiavelli and his views on power, as well as the Christian humanist movement in northern Europe exemplified by figures like Erasmus and Thomas More who applied scholarly techniques to religious texts and criticized aspects of church and society. The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther is also summarized, including his 95 Theses challenging church practices like indulgences and his beliefs in salvation by faith alone and the authority of the Bible.
Reformation by Martin Luther
The Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther protested corrupt practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Over the next 40 years, Protestantism was established in Europe. The Reformation was influenced by religious, cultural, political, and economic factors. Martin Luther posted his 95 theses criticizing indulgences in 1517, and was later excommunicated in 1521 for heresy. The Reformation led to the establishment of Protestantism and a split from the Catholic Church.
13.4 - The Church Wields Power
The document discusses the political power struggle between the Catholic Church and Holy Roman Empire in the 11th-12th centuries. It describes how Emperor Otto I asserted control over the papacy by installing popes of his choosing. This led to the Investiture Controversy between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII over lay investiture. The conflict was eventually settled by the Concordat of Worms in 1122, allowing both secular and religious authority in appointing bishops. The struggle weakened the central authority of the Holy Roman Empire and ensured Germany remained divided.
AP Euro CH 14
The Early Reformation; The Reformation and German Politics; The Spread of the Protestant Reformation; The Catholic Reformation; Religious Violence
History 101 chapter 13 dissent, division and reformation
This document summarizes key events and figures of the Protestant Reformation. It discusses Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church and posting his 95 Theses, leading other reformers like Calvin, Zwingli, and the Anabaptists. It also outlines the response of the Catholic Church under figures like Ignatius of Loyola and how the Reformation impacted politics and society.
PROTESTANT REFORMATION
The events of the PROTESTANT REFORMATION from its start in 1517 until the end of the THIRTY YEARS' WAR in 1648, examining its causes and its impact on the world.
AP Euro CH 14 Martin Luther
Martin Luther was a 16th century German monk who sparked the Protestant Reformation. He criticized the Catholic Church's practice of selling indulgences and believed salvation came through faith alone, not good works. In 1517, Luther posted his 95 Theses criticizing indulgences, which led to his excommunication in 1520. Luther found protection from the elector of Saxony and refused to recant his beliefs. His writings established key Protestant doctrines like sola fide (faith alone) and sola scriptura (scripture alone as religious authority). The Reformation split Christianity in Europe between Catholic and Protestant denominations.
Renaissance and reformation quick review
1) The Renaissance began in Italy in the 15th century and saw a rebirth of classical ideas of ancient Greece and Rome in areas like art, politics, science, and education.
2) Two of the most famous Italian Renaissance artists were Leonardo da Vinci, who was a painter, inventor, and scientist, and Michelangelo, known for realistic sculptures and paintings including the Sistine Chapel.
3) The Protestant Reformation began as a protest against corruption in the Catholic Church and led to new Christian denominations like Lutheranism and Anglicanism. Martin Luther and Henry VIII helped establish these new branches of Christianity.
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History 101 chapter 13 dissent, division and reformation
History 101 chapter 13 dissent, division and reformation
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The Reformation Lecture 1 (Luther)
Here are Luther's 3 main ideas summarized in my own words:
1. Salvation comes through faith in God alone, not through good works or the Church. Faith, not the Church, leads to forgiveness of sins.
2. All Church teachings must be clearly based on the Bible, not traditions or the Pope. The Pope and Church traditions were not real authorities.
3. All Christians are equal in faith, so ordinary people do not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.
Ch 17 Renaissance Slides
The document provides an overview of the Italian Renaissance, Northern Renaissance, and the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther. It describes the conditions in Italy that gave rise to the Renaissance like thriving cities and wealthy patrons. It discusses influential Renaissance artists, writers, and their works. It then covers the spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe and key northern Renaissance figures. Finally, it outlines the religious and political forces that sparked the Reformation, Luther's role in challenging the Catholic Church, and the ongoing development and spread of Protestantism.
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Martin Luther posts his 95 theses criticizing the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences in 1517, sparking the Protestant Reformation. The theses argue that salvation comes through faith alone, not works or Church authority, and criticize the Church's financial exploitation of indulgences. Luther's ideas spread rapidly through the printing press, gaining popularity. The Church excommunicates Luther but he finds protection from German princes seeking independence from Rome. Luther translates the Bible to German, allowing common people to read it. The Reformation gains political support and spreads to England when King Henry VIII breaks with Rome to annul his marriage and seize Church lands.
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Ch.1 l3
- 1. Luther Leads the Reformation MARTIN LUTHER’S PROTEST OVER ABUSES IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH LED TO THE FOUNDING OF PROTESTANT CHURCHES.
- 2. ● Analyze historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation. ● Trace Martin Luther’s role in the movement to reform the Catholic Church ● Analyze the impact of Luther’s religious revolt. ● Explain the spread of the Protestant faith to England
- 3. protesting governmental abuse HOW DO WE PROTEST TODAY? protesting religious persecution protesting war
- 5. People were unhappy with the Catholic Church.
- 6. Holy Roman Empire ➢ no central authority
- 7. Causes of the Reformation Social Political Economic Religious 1. Humanism and secularism led people to question the Church 2. The printing press helped spread ideas critical of the Church. 1. Monarchs challenged the Church’s authority in Europe. 2. The pope was viewed as foreign ruler. 1. European rulers were jealous of the Church’s wealth. 2. Merchants and others resented paying taxes to the Church. 1. Some Church leaders had become too worldly and corrupt. 2. Many people found the selling of indulgences to be unacceptable
- 8. ➢ CORRUPTION ○ positions sold to highest bidder
- 9. ➢ CORRUPTION ○ lavish lifestyles ○ “Borgia” = libertinism
- 10. ➢ Uneducated ➢ Illiterate ➢ Immoral
- 11. ➢ John Wycliffe ○ Bible → vernacular English
- 12. ➢ Jan Hus ○ criticized the Church ○ burned at the stake
- 13. ➢ Martin Luther ○ German monk ○ leader of the Protestant Reformation
- 14. ➢ 95 Theses ○ indulgences ○ John Tetzel ○ Wittenberg (1517)
- 15. ➢ 95 Theses ● “Out of love and concern for the truth, and with the object of eliciting it, the following heads will be the subject of a public discussion at Wittenberg under the presidency of the reverend father, Martin Luther, Augustinian, Master of Arts and Sacred Theology, and duly appointed Lecturer on these subjects in that place. He requests that whoever cannot be present personally to debate the matter orally will do so in absence in writing.”
- 16. The Church Luther Salvation by faith and good works. Sola fida – “by faith alone” Church and Biblical tradition are sources of revealed truth. Sola scriptura – “based on scripture alone” People need priests to get them to God. All believers are equal.
- 17. ➢ 1520 - excommunication ➢ 1521 - Edict of Worms ➢ 1524 - The Peasant’s Revolt
- 18. ➢ Luther sided with the princes ➢ ~ 100,000 killed
- 19. ➢ 1546-1555 - war between Charles V and Protestant princes. ➢ 1555 - Peace of Augsburg
- 21. ➢ Catherine of Aragon ○ 1516 - Mary born ○ 1527 - Henry VIII petitions for annulment.
- 22. ➢ Anne Boleyn ○ 1533 - marries Henry; Elizabeth is born ○ 1534 - Act of Supremacy ○ 1536 - execution
- 23. ➢ Jane Seymour ○ 1536 - marries Henry; ○ 1537 - Edward is born, but Jane dies in childbirth.
- 24. ➢ Anne of Cleves ○ 1540 - marries Henry. ○ 1540 - marriage annulled.
- 25. ➢ Catherine Howard ○ 1540 - marries Henry. ○ 1542 - executed for an affair.
- 26. ➢ Catherine Howard ○ 1543 - marries Henry. ○ 1547 - Henry dies.
- 27. ➢ 1547 - Edward I becomes king. ○ 1553 - Edward I dies. ➢ 1553 - Mary I becomes queen.
- 28. ➢ 1553 - Mary I becomes queen. ○ “Bloody Mary” ➢ 1558 - Mary I dies.
- 29. ➢ 1559 - Elizabeth 1 becomes queen. ➢ 1603 - Elizabeth 1 dies.