ch03.ppt

CHAPTER 3
Tissues
Principles of
Human Anatomy
13th Edition
Gerard J. Tortora & Mark T. Nielsen
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Four Major Families of Tissues
 Epithelial tissue
 Connective tissue
 Muscular tissue
 Nervous tissue

Types of Tissues

Cell Junctions
 Cell junctions
 There are five major types of cell junctions
 Tight junctions
 Adherens junctions
 Desmosomes
 Hemidesmosomes
 Gap junctions

Cell Junctions

Comparison Between Epithelial and Connective Tissue

Epithelial Tissue
 General features
 Cells are arranged in continuous sheets
 Cells have lateral surfaces, apical (free)
surface, and basal surface

Surface of Epithelial Cells

Epithelium
 Numerous cell junctions that securely attach
neighboring cells
 Avascular
 High capacity for cell division
 Numerous functions

CLINICAL CONNECTION
 Papanicolaou test

Covering and Lining Epithelium
 Arrangement of cells into layers reflects their
location and function
 Simple (unilaminar) epithelium
 Pseudostratified epithelium
 Stratified (multilaminar) epithelium

Covering and Lining Epithelium
 Cells may be categorized by cell shape
 Squamous
 Cuboidal
 Columnar
 Transitional

Cell Shapes and Arrangement of Layers

Types of Epithelial Tissues
 Simple epithelium
 Simple squamous
 Simple cuboidal
 Simple columnar
 Nonciliated
 Ciliated
 Pseudostratified columnar

Clinical Connection
 Papanicolaou test

Epithelial Tissues

Simple Cuboidal

Nonciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar

Stratified Epithelial Tissues
 Stratified squamous
 Stratified cuboidal
 Stratified columnar
 Transitional

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Transitional Epithelium

Glandular Epithelium
 Specialized epithelial cells organized to form
glands that secrete substances into ducts,
onto a surface, or into the blood
 Endocrine glands
 Exocrine glands

Endocrine Glands

Exocrine Glands
 Structurally classified into unicellular and
multicellular glands

Exocrine Glands

Glands - Classification: Simple and
Compound
 Simple tubular
 Simple branched tubular
 Simple coiled tubular
 Simple acinar
 Simple branched acinar
 Compound tubular
 Compound acinar
 Compound tubuloacinar

Multicellular Exocrine Glands

Functional Classification of Exocrine
Glands
 Merocrine
 Apocrine
 Holocrine

Functional
Classification of
Multicellular
Exocrine Glands

Connective Tissue
 Connective tissue is one of the most
abundant and widely distributed tissues in the
body
 Fibroblasts
 Macrophages
 Plasma cells
 Mast cells
 Adipocytes
 White blood cells

Representative Cells and Fibers in
Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Extracellular
Matrix
 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
 Hyaluronic acid

Fibers Embedded in Extracellular
Matrix
 Collagen
 Elastic
 Reticular

Connective Tissue
 Embryonic connective tissue
 Mature
 Loose
 Dense
 Cartilage
 Bone
 Liquid

Clinical Connection
 Marfan syndrome

Mesenchyme

Mucous Connective Tissue

Aerolar Connective Tissue

Adipose Tissue

Clinical Connection
 Liposuction
 Cryolipolysis

Reticular Connective Tissue

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Elastic Connective Tissue

Hyaline Cartilage

Fibrocartilage

Elastic Cartilage

Clinical Connection
 Tissue engineering

Bone Tissue

Blood – Liquid Connective Tissue

Membranes
 Epithelial membranes
 Mucous membranes (mucosa)
 Serous membranes (serosa)
 Cutaneous membrane (skin)
 Synovial membranes

Membranes

Muscular Tissue
 Muscular tissue consists of cells, usually
called muscle fibers
 There are three major types
 Skeletal
 Cardiac
 Smooth

Muscular Tissue

Cardiac Tissue

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Nervous Tissue
 Nervous tissue consists of two major kinds of
cells
 Neurons and neuroglia

Nervous Tissue

Aging and Tissues
 Tissues heal faster and leave less obvious
scars in the young than in the aged
 The extracellular components of tissues,
such as collagen and elastic fibers, change
with age

End of Chapter 3
Copyright 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this
work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976
United States Copyright Act without express
permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request
for further information should be addressed to the
Permission Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The
purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own
use only and not for distribution or resale. The
Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors,
omissions, or damages caused by the use of these
programs or from the use of the information herein.

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