This document provides an overview of a Materials Science course, including the course objectives, topics, and policies. The course aims to introduce fundamental concepts of materials science including how material structure dictates properties and how processing can change structure. Over the semester, students will learn about various material types and properties, processing methods, and how the relationship between structure, processing and properties informs material selection for applications. The course will help students properly select materials, recognize new design opportunities, and understand the key relationship between processing, structure, and properties.

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Palestine Polytechnic University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
ME251: Materials Science
Course Objective:
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials Science
Syllabus Link: http://cet.ppu.edu/depts/me/metemplate/syllabus/maher_s/
Material%20Sc%20SYLLABUS.htm
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly – material selection
• realize new design opportunities with materials
Lecturer: Dr. Maher Al-Jabari

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Concept of
Material Science and Engineering
Processing
Structure Properties
level
Types

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COURSE OUTLINE AND CALENDER
TOPICS WEEKS/HOURS
Introduction to Materials Science (Chapter 1) 1st
/ 2+
Atomic Structure & Interatomic Bonding (Chapter 2) 2nd
/ 2+
The Structure of Crystalline Solids (Chapter. 3) 3rd
-5th
/ 8
Short Exam 1 5th
/ 1
Imperfections in Crystals (Chapter 4) 6th
-7th
/ 4
Diffusion (Chapter 5) -7th
/ 2
Mechanical Properties of Metals (Chapter 6) 8th
-9th
/ 6
Phase Diagrams (Chapter 9) 10th
-12th
/9
Midterm Exam 13th
/1
Phase Transformation in Metals (Chapter 10) 13th
/2
Heat treatment of metals (Chapter 11) 14th
/3
Short Exam 2 15th
/1
Introduction to other materials
(Polymers and Ceramics - as time permit)
15th
- rest
Final Exam University Schedule

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COURSE POLICIES
GRADING SYSTEM
Short Exam-1 10 %
Midterm Exam 30 %
Short Exam-2 10 %
Quizzes and Attendance 10 %
Final Exam 40 %
Students are required to attend all classes
Unexcused absence of exams is not accepted
Make-up exams are expected to be harder.

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Chapter 1 - Introduction
• What is materials science / engineering ?
• Why should we know about it?
• Materials drive our society ???????
• History
– Stone Age
– Bronze Age
– Iron Age
– Now?
• Silicon Age?
• Polymer Age?

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Introduction
Structure / Levels:
Subatomic (e.g. electron, protons)
Atomic (atoms and molecules)
Microscopic (grains: large groups)
macroscopic (by eye)
Property:
Response to a specified imposed stimulus
Kind and magnitude
Processing:
Example Heat Treatment
Applications: ?

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Example – Biomedical - Hip Implant
• Requirements
– mechanical strength
(many cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility
Femoral
Stem
Ball
Acetabular
Cup and Liner

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Other Applications
• Industry
• Metal manufacturing
• Dentists ?
• Think of Others
• In Hebron ?
• In History ?
• In Future ?

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Developments of New Types of Polymers
• Commodity plastics
Ex. Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.
• Engineering Resins
Ex. Polycarbonate
Nylon
Polysulfone
etc.
Can polypropylene be “upgraded” to properties (and price) near
those of engineering resins?

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ex: hardness vs structure of steel
• Properties depend on structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
• Processing can change structure
Structure, Processing, & Properties
Hardness(BHN)
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
100
200
300
400
500
600
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
(d)
30 µm
(c)
4 µm
(b)
30 µm
(a)
30 µm
Just Keep in Mind
to the end !

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Types of Materials
• Metals: Metallic bonding
– Strong, ductile
– high thermal & electrical conductivity
– opaque, reflective.
• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding  sharing of e’s
– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent.
• Ceramics: Ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic & non-
metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– non-conducting (insulators)
• Others:
• Composite Materials ?
• Semi-conductors ?

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1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
3. Material Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, vapor deposition, forming, joining,
quenching, annealing.
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
Material: structure, composition.
The Materials Selection Process

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Properties
• THERMAL
• ELECTRICAL
• MAGNETIC
• OPTICAL

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THERMAL
• Space Shuttle Tiles:
- Silica fiber insulation
offers low heat conduction.
• Thermal Conductivity
of Copper:
-It decreases when you add zinc!
Composition (wt% Zinc)
ThermalConductivity
(W/m-K)
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40

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ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.
• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 7e.
(Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde,
Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); and
C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,
Physics of Solids, 2nd edition,
McGraw-Hill Company, New York,
1970.)
T (°C)-200 -100 0
Cu + 3.32 at%Ni
Cu + 2.16 at%Ni
deformed Cu + 1.12 at%Ni
1
2
3
4
5
6
Resistivity,ρ
(10-8
Ohm-m)
0
Cu + 1.12 at%Ni
“Pure” Cu

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MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Permeability
vs. Composition:
--Adding 3 atomic % Si
makes Fe a better
recording medium!
• Magnetic Storage:
--Recording medium
is magnetized by
recording head.
Magnetic Field
Magnetization
Fe+ 3% Si
Fe

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• Transmittance:
--Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
single crystal
polycrystal:
low porosity
polycrystal:
high porosity
OPTICAL

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• Strength
• Fabricability
• Corrosion Resistance
• Availability
• Cost
• Appearance
Factors
Material Selection

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• Use the right material for the job.
• Understand the relation between properties,
structure, and processing.
• Recognize new design opportunities offered
by materials selection.
• Do not forget the triangle:
Course Goals:
SUMMARY
Processing
Structure Properties