This document provides an overview of early human civilizations in the Paleolithic Age. It describes some of the key achievements and developments of early humans, including creating stone tools for hunting and gathering food, controlling and using fire, and developing spoken language which allowed them to communicate and pass down knowledge. The document also discusses some of the first art created by Cro-Magnon people in the form of cave paintings in Europe dating back over 12,000 years ago. Finally, it notes the environment underwent periods of extensive glaciation during the last Ice Age, around 20,000 years ago.

1. CHAPTER 1 THE BEGINNINGS OF
CIVILIZATION

2. 1.) ACHIEVEMENTS ARE MADE IN THE
OLD STONE AGE

3. PREHISTORY
THE PERIOD OF TIME
BEFORE PEOPLE
KEPT WRITTEN
RECORDS.

4. UNWRITTEN EVIDENCES
(search for knowledge-
CONTINUING PROCESS)

5. 1.) ARTIFACTS
objects shaped by human hands
(tools, drawing, pottery, weapons and jewelry)

6. 2.)FOSSILS
human or animal bones/teeth/other
traces left in rocks by plants and animals

7. Scientists examine evidence in diff.
ways
• 1. ARCHEOLOGISTS Study places
• “DIG A SITE’
• 2. Field of Anthropology
• people looked like, ate, how long-live/char.
• 3. GEOLOGISTS analyze fossils and the rocks

8. 4. CHEMISTS AND PHYSICISTS
USE SPECIAL METHOD
a. CARBON-14 DATING
(BY WILLARD LIBBY AMERICAN 1948, NOBEL PRIZE)
all living organisms(dies) contain certain amt.
of radioactive carbon(decrease/left)
b. Radioactive elements
“potasium-40, uranium and thorium” for dating rocks/mineral
c. Chemical and Physical Analysis
5. BOTANISTS AND ZOOLOGIST

9. OLD STONE AGE/PALEOLITHIC AGE
(GK. palaios=”ancient”, lithos=”stone”)
longest part most scientist believe that life was like in
prehistoric times.
NOMADS
STONE AGE HUNTERS/GATHERERS
=men and women of Paleolithic Age.
=have no permanent homes,
wander from place to place.
=gathered wild fruit, nuts, seeds, honey, roots, and grains, and caught
fish in streams and rivers

10. Achievements of Chinese scientists
=excavated the cave
inhabited 460,000 yrs.ago
=found over 100,000 stone artifacts/evidence
that cave dwellers used fire.
=7000 large pottery figures of horses and
warriors
=buried in a Chinese emperor’s grave, 210 BC.

11. IMPRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
1.)PALEOLITHIC TOOLS
•
SCRAPERS
for Cleaning Animal Hides
FOR
HUNTING
DAGGER SPEARPOINTS
TO
CUT MEAT
HAND AXES CHOPPERS
SPLINTERS OF BONE
Used as Needles/ Fishhooks

12. SHARPENED
WOODEN STICKS
STONE AGE ART
TO DIG
(ROOTS)
TO PEEL
(BARK)

13. IMPRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
2.)TO CONTROL AND USE FIRE
(brought changes in the lives of Paleolithic people)
• a.) Provide warmth and light in the
cave/shelter.
• b.) Kept wild animals away at night.
• c.) Useful in hunting.
• d.) A band of hunters with
TORCHES could drive a herd of
large animals over the edge of a
cliff.
• e.) For cooking food.
• f.) Smoke from a fire helped
preserve food.
• g.) Make animal skins more
waterproof.

14. IMPRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENTS
3.) USED SPOKEN LANGUAGE
(a great advance for Paleolithic People)
• a.) Anthropologists
believe that speech
contributed much to
human progress and
achievements.
• b.) Knowledge, skills and
information could be
passed from parents to
children.
• c.) People could discuss
ideas and share
experiences.

15. Did Stone Age cavemen talk to each other in symbols?
Previously overlooked patterns in the cave art of
southern France and Spain suggest that man might have
learned written communication 25,000 years earlier
than we thought

16. NEANDERTHAL
PALEOLITHIC HUNTING PEOPLE
(DEVELOP BELIEFS/RITUALS)
• Lived from 100,000-40,000 yrs. ago
(Scientists estimated)
• They were named for the valley in
Germany, remains 1st found
• artifacts and living sites found in
Europe, Asia and North Africa
RITUALS
• =they hoped would guarantee-
success in the hunt
• =buried their dead
• *placing tools,
• *ornaments,
• * food and
• *bunch wildflowers (grave)
RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
=idea of a life after death

17. CRO-MAGNON PEOPLE
(DEVELOP ART)
• in southern France found
Grave filled w/ artifacts
• in Europe(hundred deco.cave
paintings 12,000-30,000
yrs.ago)
• In Asia found beads,
necklaces, and braceletes
carved from ivory and bone
sculptures depicting animals,
birds, and fish.
• (religious beliefs) inspiration
for prehistoric art
• (rituals) animals as
part,hoped-success in hunting

18. Paintingwalls of caves (Europe)
• 1.) 1st cave, 1875, Don Marcelino de Sautuola
• (Spanish) w/ daughter Maria(1879)
• FOUND, Altamira Cave have more than 25 animal
paintings (bison, deer, horses-red, brown, yellow
and black)
• 2.) 4-young boys found Lascaux Cave (France)

19. THE ENVIRONMENT UNDERGOES
CHANGES
*4-long cold periods
(ICE AGE) lasted tens
of thousands of years
*Most recent reached
its height 20,000 yrs.
Ago

20. ARCTIC ICE CAP THICKENED AND
SPREAD
1.)NORTHERN HEMISPHERES
(Glaciers formed mountain
ranges)=slow moving rivers of ice
2.)OHIO VALLEY
(North.America)
3.) Northerly parts of Europe
and Asia
=ice covered *Water level/frozen
=forming land bridges between
islands/continents