Toussaint L'Ouverture led former slaves in Haiti to fight for and establish their independence from France in 1804. Miguel Hidalgo and Agustin de Iturbide helped lead Mexico to independence from Spain, first with Hidalgo's 1810 Cry of Dolores and then with the formal declaration of independence in 1821. Simon Bolivar liberated several South American countries from Spanish rule between 1807-1822, establishing Gran Columbia. Jose de San Martin also fought for South American independence from Spain in the 1810s and 1820s in Argentina, Chile, and Peru. Dom Pedro declared Brazil's independence from Portugal in 1822 without war when he was left to rule as his father's