The document provides an overview of the respiratory system, including its major components and functions. It begins with learning outcomes that describe the key topics to be covered, such as the respiratory system's role in gas exchange and protection of exchange surfaces. Diagrams and descriptions are then provided of the upper respiratory tract including the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx. The larynx is described in more detail, outlining its cartilages and role in breathing and sound production.
3. HUBUNGAN STRUKTUR-AKTIVITAS SENYAWA PENEKAN SSP.pptxSherilRaisa1
Hubungan truktur aktivitas senyawa penekan sspHUBUNGAN STRUKTUR-AKTIVITAS
SENYAWA PENEKAN SISTEM SARAF PUSAT
TIM KIMIA MEDISINAL 2
Kata anatomy berasal dari bahasa Yunani (Greek) yang secara makna harfiah diartikan sebagai “membuka suatu potongan”. Anatomi adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari bagian dalam (internal) dan luar (external) dari struktur tubuh manusia dan hubungan fisiknya dengan bagian tubuh yang lainnya, sebagai contohnya adalah mempelajari organ uterus dan posisinya dalam tubuh.
Kata physiology juga berasal dari bahasa Yunani (Greek) yaitu ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana suatu organisme melakukan fungsi utamanya. Sebagai contoh yaitu seseorang yang ingin mempelajari proses terjadinya gerak refleks dan buta warna. Fisiologi secara makna kata dari Bahasa Latin, berasal dari kata Fisis (Physis) adalah alam atau cara kerja.
Logos (Logi) adalah Ilmu pengetahuan. Maka fisiologi adalah Ilmu yang mempelajari faal atau pekerjaan atau fungsi dari tiap-tiap jaringan tubuh atau bagian dari alat-alat tubuh dan fungsinya. Anatomi fisiologi adalah dua hal yang berkaitan erat satu dengan yang lainnya baik secara teoritis maupun secara praktikal, sehingga muncul suatu konsep yaitu “semua fungsi yang spesifik dibentuk dari struktur yang spesifik”.
B. Tujuan Praktikum
1. Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui memahami gerak refleks.
2. Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui melakukan pemeriksaan gerak refleks.
3. Mahasiswa mengetahui cara pemeriksaan tes buta warna.
4. Mahasiswa mengetahui gambaran adanya kelainan persepsi penglihatan warna
pada probandus normal atau abnormal.
C. Manfaat Praktikum
1. Dapat memahami pengertian gerak refleks
2. Dapat melakukan pemeriksaan gerak refleks dan mempelajari reaksi reaksi
yang terjadi setelah beberapa bagian tubuh diberi rangsangan
3. dapat memahami pengertian buta warna
4. dapat mengetahui kelainan persepsi penglihatan warna
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
II.1 Gerak Refleks
Gerak refleks merupakan gerak yang berlangsung tanpa disadari terlebih dahulu. Gerak refleks berjalan sangat cepat dan tanggapan terjadi secara otomatis terhada rangsangan. Gerak refleks tidak diolah dahulu oleh otak (tanpa memerlukan kontrol dari otak). Gerak refleks pada dasarnya merupakan suatu mekanisme respon yang bertujuan menghindari suatu rangsangan yang dapat membahayakan tubuh. Jadi, gerak refleks adalah gerakan yang terjadi tanpa dipengaruhi kehendak atau tanpa disadari terlebuh dahulu oleh kita. Contoh gerak refleks, misalnya bila telapak tangan kita terkena benda yang tajam secara tidak sengaja. Secara refleks atau tiba tiba kita akan menarik tangan kita dari benda tersebut.
Timbulnya gerakan secara refleks tersebut merupakan reaksi cepat yang tidak disadari terhadap rangsangan. Mekanisme gerak refleks tersebut adalah bahwa rangsangan (implus) berupa rasa sakit yang diterima oleh indra peraba, yaitu telapak tangan. Rangsangan akan diteruskan ke neuron sensorik. Dari neuron sensorik rangsangan segera diteruskan ke neuron a
Materi kuliah Anatomi Fisiologi Sistem Respirasi. Meliputi organ-organ yang terlibat, mekanisme pernafasan, fisiologi respirasi eksterna, interna, kapasitas paru, dan kontrol pernafasan
3. HUBUNGAN STRUKTUR-AKTIVITAS SENYAWA PENEKAN SSP.pptxSherilRaisa1
Hubungan truktur aktivitas senyawa penekan sspHUBUNGAN STRUKTUR-AKTIVITAS
SENYAWA PENEKAN SISTEM SARAF PUSAT
TIM KIMIA MEDISINAL 2
Kata anatomy berasal dari bahasa Yunani (Greek) yang secara makna harfiah diartikan sebagai “membuka suatu potongan”. Anatomi adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari bagian dalam (internal) dan luar (external) dari struktur tubuh manusia dan hubungan fisiknya dengan bagian tubuh yang lainnya, sebagai contohnya adalah mempelajari organ uterus dan posisinya dalam tubuh.
Kata physiology juga berasal dari bahasa Yunani (Greek) yaitu ilmu yang mempelajari bagaimana suatu organisme melakukan fungsi utamanya. Sebagai contoh yaitu seseorang yang ingin mempelajari proses terjadinya gerak refleks dan buta warna. Fisiologi secara makna kata dari Bahasa Latin, berasal dari kata Fisis (Physis) adalah alam atau cara kerja.
Logos (Logi) adalah Ilmu pengetahuan. Maka fisiologi adalah Ilmu yang mempelajari faal atau pekerjaan atau fungsi dari tiap-tiap jaringan tubuh atau bagian dari alat-alat tubuh dan fungsinya. Anatomi fisiologi adalah dua hal yang berkaitan erat satu dengan yang lainnya baik secara teoritis maupun secara praktikal, sehingga muncul suatu konsep yaitu “semua fungsi yang spesifik dibentuk dari struktur yang spesifik”.
B. Tujuan Praktikum
1. Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui memahami gerak refleks.
2. Mahasiswa mampu mengetahui melakukan pemeriksaan gerak refleks.
3. Mahasiswa mengetahui cara pemeriksaan tes buta warna.
4. Mahasiswa mengetahui gambaran adanya kelainan persepsi penglihatan warna
pada probandus normal atau abnormal.
C. Manfaat Praktikum
1. Dapat memahami pengertian gerak refleks
2. Dapat melakukan pemeriksaan gerak refleks dan mempelajari reaksi reaksi
yang terjadi setelah beberapa bagian tubuh diberi rangsangan
3. dapat memahami pengertian buta warna
4. dapat mengetahui kelainan persepsi penglihatan warna
BAB II
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
II.1 Gerak Refleks
Gerak refleks merupakan gerak yang berlangsung tanpa disadari terlebih dahulu. Gerak refleks berjalan sangat cepat dan tanggapan terjadi secara otomatis terhada rangsangan. Gerak refleks tidak diolah dahulu oleh otak (tanpa memerlukan kontrol dari otak). Gerak refleks pada dasarnya merupakan suatu mekanisme respon yang bertujuan menghindari suatu rangsangan yang dapat membahayakan tubuh. Jadi, gerak refleks adalah gerakan yang terjadi tanpa dipengaruhi kehendak atau tanpa disadari terlebuh dahulu oleh kita. Contoh gerak refleks, misalnya bila telapak tangan kita terkena benda yang tajam secara tidak sengaja. Secara refleks atau tiba tiba kita akan menarik tangan kita dari benda tersebut.
Timbulnya gerakan secara refleks tersebut merupakan reaksi cepat yang tidak disadari terhadap rangsangan. Mekanisme gerak refleks tersebut adalah bahwa rangsangan (implus) berupa rasa sakit yang diterima oleh indra peraba, yaitu telapak tangan. Rangsangan akan diteruskan ke neuron sensorik. Dari neuron sensorik rangsangan segera diteruskan ke neuron a
Materi kuliah Anatomi Fisiologi Sistem Respirasi. Meliputi organ-organ yang terlibat, mekanisme pernafasan, fisiologi respirasi eksterna, interna, kapasitas paru, dan kontrol pernafasan
Design of artificial respiratory modelShîvãm Gûptå
Design of Artificial Respiratory Model.. Know about the respiratory system.
The respiratory system consists of the upper respiratory tract (nasal passages), the airway conduction system (larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles), and the lower respiratory tract (alveolar ducts and alveoli). Not all segments of the respiratory system mature at the same pace. The olfactory epithelium matures earliest by PND 7. The lung, however, is not considered mature until PND 21, when alveolarization and microvascular maturation are complete. This chapter will discuss the embryological development (briefly), adult histomorphology, and postnatal histologic development of each major component of the respiratory system.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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