Person
+Specialization:String
Employee:Person
+Dept:String
+Salary:float
Manager:Employee
+NoOfReports:int
Generalization
Inheritance
Specialization
Con...
Inheritance:
Is a mechanism in which one class acquires the properties and
behaviors of another class.
The inheriting class is called a subclass or derived class and the
class whose properties and behaviors are inherited is called a
superclass or base class.
Specialization:
Is a generalization relationship between a generalized entity and a
more specific entity.
Generalization
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how it can be used for modeling software systems, including an introduction to UML, its basic building blocks such as diagrams and relationships, and descriptions of various UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their purposes and notations. The document also discusses object-oriented concepts and how UML supports modeling objects, classes, interactions and behaviors through its different diagram types.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is a general purpose modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. UML captures both the static structure and dynamic behavior of a system. It includes structural diagrams like class and component diagrams to show system architecture, and behavioral diagrams like activity and sequence diagrams to describe system functionality. UML is widely used for software design, communication, requirements analysis and documentation across various application domains.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It can be used to model both software and non-software systems. The document discusses the history, features, diagrams and real-world applications of UML. It also covers advantages like being easy to understand and standardized, as well as disadvantages such as difficulty synchronizing models with code. Finally, it briefly describes several open source UML modeling tools.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its building blocks, diagrams, and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology. It defines UML, explains its advantages for visualizing, specifying, and constructing systems. It describes the different types of UML elements including structural things like classes and interfaces, behavioral things like interactions and state machines, and grouping and annotational things. It also outlines the different UML diagrams for modeling a system from various perspectives and the four phases of the iterative RUP methodology.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software systems. The document outlines the basics of UML including common diagram types like use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams. It also discusses modeling tools that support working with UML diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
The document discusses the building blocks of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes the key elements as things (abstractions), relationships (ties between things), and diagrams (groups of related things). The main things are structural (classes, interfaces, etc.), behavioral (interactions, state machines), grouping (packages), and annotational (notes). Relationships include dependencies, associations, generalizations, and realizations. Common diagrams are class, object, use case, sequence, collaboration, statechart, activity, and component diagrams.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) and how it can be used for modeling software systems, including an introduction to UML, its basic building blocks such as diagrams and relationships, and descriptions of various UML diagrams including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and their purposes and notations. The document also discusses object-oriented concepts and how UML supports modeling objects, classes, interactions and behaviors through its different diagram types.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML), which is a general purpose modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. UML captures both the static structure and dynamic behavior of a system. It includes structural diagrams like class and component diagrams to show system architecture, and behavioral diagrams like activity and sequence diagrams to describe system functionality. UML is widely used for software design, communication, requirements analysis and documentation across various application domains.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. It can be used to model both software and non-software systems. The document discusses the history, features, diagrams and real-world applications of UML. It also covers advantages like being easy to understand and standardized, as well as disadvantages such as difficulty synchronizing models with code. Finally, it briefly describes several open source UML modeling tools.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its building blocks, diagrams, and the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology. It defines UML, explains its advantages for visualizing, specifying, and constructing systems. It describes the different types of UML elements including structural things like classes and interfaces, behavioral things like interactions and state machines, and grouping and annotational things. It also outlines the different UML diagrams for modeling a system from various perspectives and the four phases of the iterative RUP methodology.
This document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a standard modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software systems. The document outlines the basics of UML including common diagram types like use case diagrams, class diagrams and sequence diagrams. It also discusses modeling tools that support working with UML diagrams.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) provides standard notations for modeling different aspects of a system. This document introduces five key UML notations - use case diagrams, class diagrams, interaction diagrams, state machine diagrams, and activity diagrams. It describes what each notation is used for and provides simple examples. Modeling abstracts away irrelevant details and allows dividing a complex system into manageable pieces by focusing on specific aspects or views.
The document discusses UML (Unified Modeling Language) and object-oriented software development. It describes the software development life cycle and various modeling techniques used in UML, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and collaboration diagrams. It explains key UML concepts such as classes, objects, attributes, operations, actors, and relationships. The benefits of visual modeling and UML are also summarized.
The document discusses the building blocks of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It describes the key elements as things (abstractions), relationships (ties between things), and diagrams (groups of related things). The main things are structural (classes, interfaces, etc.), behavioral (interactions, state machines), grouping (packages), and annotational (notes). Relationships include dependencies, associations, generalizations, and realizations. Common diagrams are class, object, use case, sequence, collaboration, statechart, activity, and component diagrams.
UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. It provides standard graphical notations for modeling structural and behavioral aspects of a system using diagrams. The key UML diagram types are structural diagrams (e.g. class, component), behavioral diagrams (e.g. use case, activity), and interaction diagrams (e.g. sequence, communication). UML was created through the unification of several popular modeling languages in the 1990s and is now managed by the Object Management Group.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML was created by the Object Management Group as a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It introduces key concepts of UML including its goals, building blocks, basic notations, and types of modeling. UML uses standard visual notations like diagrams, classes, use cases to model both structural and behavioral aspects of a system.
Introduction to Unified Modeling LanguageAMITJain879
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software artifacts. UML provides notations like rectangles, lines and ellipses to create visual models of systems. It also standardizes existing object-oriented modeling notations. The conceptual model of UML has three main elements - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things can be structural, behavioral, grouping or annotational. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams provide different perspectives of software systems.
This document provides an introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a general purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. The key building blocks of UML include things like classes, interfaces, use cases and relationships between these things. It also describes the different types of UML diagrams like class, sequence, activity diagrams and how they can be used. Finally, it stresses the importance of identifying the problem domain when developing models.
This document outlines an agenda for a seminar on methodological and effective system modeling with UML/SysML. The seminar will introduce principles of effective system modeling and useful modeling elements in UML and SysML. It will demonstrate applying a methodological modeling approach to computer embedded systems using a case study. The agenda includes topics such as modeling in systems engineering, modeling systems and blocks, modeling different views of a block, modeling in the system development life cycle, and modeling computer embedded systems.
Lecture#02, building blocks of uml ASEbabak danyal
The document discusses the basic building blocks of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which include things, relationships, and diagrams. It describes the four categories of things - structural things, behavioral things, grouping things, and annotational things. Structural things include classes, interfaces, collaborations, use cases, active classes, components, and nodes. Behavioral things include interactions and state machines. The one grouping thing is packages. Notes are the sole annotational thing. Relationships include dependencies, associations, generalizations, and realizations. Diagrams include structural diagrams like class diagrams and behavioral diagrams like sequence diagrams.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes the different types of UML diagrams including class diagrams, package diagrams, object diagrams, use case diagrams, deployment diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams. It also outlines the various notations used to represent different modeling elements in UML like classes, objects, interfaces, packages, nodes, actors, states, and relationships between elements.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what UML is, why it is used, its history and development, core concepts like models, views and diagrams, and basic modeling elements like use cases, classes, and relationships. The key information covered in the document includes an overview of UML, its origins and standardization, conceptual modeling with models and views, and basic modeling techniques using use cases and class diagrams.
UML Diagrams- Unified Modeling Language IntroductionRamakant Soni
The document provides an overview of a 3 hour lecture on object oriented modeling using UML, including definitions of key concepts like models, modeling, objects, and the Unified Modeling Language. It discusses why modeling is used, how it is done in UML, and examples of object oriented concepts and how UML can be applied, with the goal of teaching students how to design object-oriented programs and software development methodology using UML.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) was created in the 1990s as a general-purpose modeling language for software engineering. It was developed by Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson, known as "the three amigos". UML was later standardized by the Object Management Group and now includes diagrams for modeling software structure, behavior, and architecture. The OMG also established a certification program with three levels to ensure consistent understanding and proficiency with UML.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes graphical notations for various modeling elements like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines rules and mechanisms like stereotypes and tagged values to extend the language for domain-specific needs. UML models can represent different views of a system like use case, design, process, implementation and deployment views.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to design software systems. It uses various graphical diagrams to visualize different aspects of a system, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, and more. UML was created to provide a standard way to communicate designs between developers, customers, and other stakeholders.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It introduces object-oriented concepts like classes, data members, methods, and diagrams. It also covers the main components of OOAD like functional requirements, static structure, and dynamic behavior that are modeled using UML diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is a general-purpose modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct, and document software systems. It captures decisions and understanding about systems that must be constructed. The goals of UML included developing a modeling language that could be used across different domains and development methods. UML has three main building blocks - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things represent elements in a model like classes, components, and use cases. Relationships connect things and show dependencies, generalizations, and associations. Diagrams provide different views of UML models, including structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams.
UML is a standard language for modeling object-oriented software systems. This document discusses UML modeling and the tools used to create UML diagrams. It describes the key features needed in a UML tool, including supporting all nine UML diagram types, forward and reverse engineering of code from diagrams, and version control/documentation of models. UML tools automate diagram creation and maintenance, and help synchronize design models with code changes during development.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a standard language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. UML helps visualize a system, specify its structure and behavior, provide a template for construction and means of documentation. It includes various diagram types like class, sequence, use case diagrams to model different aspects of a system.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the key principles of modeling and an overview of UML. The UML is a standard language for writing software blueprints and can be used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. The UML has building blocks like classes, objects, use cases and relationships. It consists of diagrams like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams. The UML addresses multiple views of a system including use case, design, interaction and implementation views.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. It provides standard graphical notations for modeling structural and behavioral aspects of a system using diagrams. The key UML diagram types are structural diagrams (e.g. class, component), behavioral diagrams (e.g. use case, activity), and interaction diagrams (e.g. sequence, communication). UML was created through the unification of several popular modeling languages in the 1990s and is now managed by the Object Management Group.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML was created by the Object Management Group as a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It introduces key concepts of UML including its goals, building blocks, basic notations, and types of modeling. UML uses standard visual notations like diagrams, classes, use cases to model both structural and behavioral aspects of a system.
Introduction to Unified Modeling LanguageAMITJain879
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses that UML is a modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document software artifacts. UML provides notations like rectangles, lines and ellipses to create visual models of systems. It also standardizes existing object-oriented modeling notations. The conceptual model of UML has three main elements - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things can be structural, behavioral, grouping or annotational. Relationships show how elements are associated. Diagrams provide different perspectives of software systems.
This document provides an introduction to Unified Modeling Language (UML). It defines UML as a general purpose modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct and document artifacts of a software system. The key building blocks of UML include things like classes, interfaces, use cases and relationships between these things. It also describes the different types of UML diagrams like class, sequence, activity diagrams and how they can be used. Finally, it stresses the importance of identifying the problem domain when developing models.
This document outlines an agenda for a seminar on methodological and effective system modeling with UML/SysML. The seminar will introduce principles of effective system modeling and useful modeling elements in UML and SysML. It will demonstrate applying a methodological modeling approach to computer embedded systems using a case study. The agenda includes topics such as modeling in systems engineering, modeling systems and blocks, modeling different views of a block, modeling in the system development life cycle, and modeling computer embedded systems.
Lecture#02, building blocks of uml ASEbabak danyal
The document discusses the basic building blocks of the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which include things, relationships, and diagrams. It describes the four categories of things - structural things, behavioral things, grouping things, and annotational things. Structural things include classes, interfaces, collaborations, use cases, active classes, components, and nodes. Behavioral things include interactions and state machines. The one grouping thing is packages. Notes are the sole annotational thing. Relationships include dependencies, associations, generalizations, and realizations. Diagrams include structural diagrams like class diagrams and behavioral diagrams like sequence diagrams.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams. It describes the different types of UML diagrams including class diagrams, package diagrams, object diagrams, use case diagrams, deployment diagrams, statechart diagrams, and activity diagrams. It also outlines the various notations used to represent different modeling elements in UML like classes, objects, interfaces, packages, nodes, actors, states, and relationships between elements.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what UML is, why it is used, its history and development, core concepts like models, views and diagrams, and basic modeling elements like use cases, classes, and relationships. The key information covered in the document includes an overview of UML, its origins and standardization, conceptual modeling with models and views, and basic modeling techniques using use cases and class diagrams.
UML Diagrams- Unified Modeling Language IntroductionRamakant Soni
The document provides an overview of a 3 hour lecture on object oriented modeling using UML, including definitions of key concepts like models, modeling, objects, and the Unified Modeling Language. It discusses why modeling is used, how it is done in UML, and examples of object oriented concepts and how UML can be applied, with the goal of teaching students how to design object-oriented programs and software development methodology using UML.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) was created in the 1990s as a general-purpose modeling language for software engineering. It was developed by Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, and Ivar Jacobson, known as "the three amigos". UML was later standardized by the Object Management Group and now includes diagrams for modeling software structure, behavior, and architecture. The OMG also established a certification program with three levels to ensure consistent understanding and proficiency with UML.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes graphical notations for various modeling elements like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines rules and mechanisms like stereotypes and tagged values to extend the language for domain-specific needs. UML models can represent different views of a system like use case, design, process, implementation and deployment views.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard modeling language used to design software systems. It uses various graphical diagrams to visualize different aspects of a system, including use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, and more. UML was created to provide a standard way to communicate designs between developers, customers, and other stakeholders.
This document discusses object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD) and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It introduces object-oriented concepts like classes, data members, methods, and diagrams. It also covers the main components of OOAD like functional requirements, static structure, and dynamic behavior that are modeled using UML diagrams.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML is a general-purpose modeling language used to specify, visualize, construct, and document software systems. It captures decisions and understanding about systems that must be constructed. The goals of UML included developing a modeling language that could be used across different domains and development methods. UML has three main building blocks - things, relationships, and diagrams. Things represent elements in a model like classes, components, and use cases. Relationships connect things and show dependencies, generalizations, and associations. Diagrams provide different views of UML models, including structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams.
UML is a standard language for modeling object-oriented software systems. This document discusses UML modeling and the tools used to create UML diagrams. It describes the key features needed in a UML tool, including supporting all nine UML diagram types, forward and reverse engineering of code from diagrams, and version control/documentation of models. UML tools automate diagram creation and maintenance, and help synchronize design models with code changes during development.
The document discusses Unified Modeling Language (UML) which is a standard language used to specify, visualize, construct and document software systems. UML helps visualize a system, specify its structure and behavior, provide a template for construction and means of documentation. It includes various diagram types like class, sequence, use case diagrams to model different aspects of a system.
The document provides an introduction to the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses the key principles of modeling and an overview of UML. The UML is a standard language for writing software blueprints and can be used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software systems. The UML has building blocks like classes, objects, use cases and relationships. It consists of diagrams like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and state machine diagrams. The UML addresses multiple views of a system including use case, design, interaction and implementation views.
The document discusses the Unified Approach (UA) methodology for software development proposed by Ali Bahrami. The UA aims to combine the best practices of other methodologies like Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson while using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The core of the UA is use case-driven development. It establishes a unified framework around these methodologies using UML for modeling and documenting the software development process. The UA allows for iterative development by allowing moving between analysis, design, and modeling phases.
Detailed description and introduction to UML(Unified Modeling Language).Structural and behavioral modeling.Class Diagram, Object Diagram.Notation for building all kinds of UML diagrams.
The document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including:
1) UML consists of 9 diagrams used at different stages of software development for requirements analysis, design, and deployment.
2) UML diagrams can be classified as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they depict the structural, behavioral, or deployment aspects of a system.
3) Popular UML tools should support features like generating code from diagrams, reverse engineering code into diagrams, and integrating with IDEs. Rational Rose is a widely used UML modeling tool.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for modeling software systems using mainly graphical diagrams. It includes diagrams for use cases, class structure, object interaction, state machines, activities, components and deployment. UML aims to provide a standard way to visualize a system's architectural design which can be understood by all stakeholders and serves as input for the implementation.
The document introduces modeling and the Unified Modeling Language (UML). It discusses what modeling is, the goals of using UML to model software systems, and an overview of UML concepts like classes, objects, relationships, use cases and diagrams. It also provides an overview of the software modeling process using UML, from requirements gathering to design and implementation.
This document provides a UML documentation for an elevator control system designed as a class project. It includes:
- Use case and class diagrams that model the static structure of the system from object-oriented and software architecture perspectives.
- Sequence and state chart diagrams that describe the dynamic behavior of interacting objects and states.
- Discussion of how UML can be applied to real-time distributed embedded systems like elevators, and the challenges in specifying timing constraints and hardware elements.
- Three class diagrams from different viewpoints to understand the system composition and identify potential design flaws like overburdening the central controller.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, purpose, key diagrams, and popular modeling tools. UML was developed to provide a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It includes nine commonly used diagram types for different views of a system. The diagrams can be categorized as static, dynamic, or implementation based on whether they describe a system's structure, behavior, or deployment. Popular UML modeling tools help generate code from diagrams and reverse engineer diagrams from code.
UML is a general-purpose modeling language that provides a standard way to visualize the design of a system. It uses diagrams to depict the structure and behavior of a system, including class diagrams, sequence diagrams, activity diagrams, use case diagrams, and others. UML has evolved over time with new versions and standards, starting in 1997, to improve its modeling capabilities and make diagrams more effective.
The document provides an overview of Unified Modeling Language (UML) including its history, basic building blocks, and types of diagrams. It describes that UML was created in the 1990s to standardize modeling languages and combines concepts from object-oriented analysis and design. The basic building blocks of UML are things (model elements), relationships, and diagrams used to visualize models. There are several types of diagrams for structural and behavioral modeling.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. It uses various diagrams to model different views of a system, such as structural diagrams (e.g. class diagrams), behavioral diagrams (e.g. sequence diagrams), and deployment diagrams. The key building blocks of UML include things (classes, interfaces, use cases), relationships (associations, generalizations), and diagrams. UML aims to provide a clear blueprint of software systems for both technical and non-technical audiences.
Software Engineering Tools and Practices.pdfMeagGhn
This document discusses software engineering practices and tools, including the software crisis and issues like increasing complexity, poor quality, high costs and delays. It introduces Unified Modeling Language (UML) as a standard way to visually model software systems using diagrams. It describes different types of UML models including structural, behavioral and architectural modeling. It also discusses concepts like the software development life cycle, configuration management, revision control systems and how to create UML diagrams like use case diagrams and sequence diagrams.
The document provides information on Unified Modeling Language (UML) and its various diagrams used for modeling software systems. It discusses the background and benefits of object-oriented modeling. It then describes UML as a modeling language comprising various diagram types to capture different views of a system, including structural, behavioral, implementation and user views. Specific diagram types covered include use case diagrams, class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and object diagrams. Examples are provided for each diagram type to illustrate their elements and notation.
The document discusses the Unified Modeling Language (UML), which was created to provide a standard modeling language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting software systems. It originated from the need for a universal modeling approach, and was formed by merging the modeling languages of Booch, Rumbaugh, and Jacobson. The Object Management Group later standardized UML in 1997. UML includes structural diagrams like class and component diagrams and behavioral diagrams like use case and activity diagrams to model different aspects of a system.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document artifacts of a software system. It provides a common language for describing systems across different stakeholders. UML includes various building blocks like classes, interfaces, use cases, etc. and relationships between them. It also defines diagram types like class diagrams, sequence diagrams, etc. to group related elements. UML aims to be precise, unambiguous, and complete in modeling systems.
Rumbaugh's Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is an object-oriented analysis and design methodology. It uses three main modeling approaches: object models, dynamic models, and functional models. The object model defines the structure of objects in the system through class diagrams. The dynamic model describes object behavior over time using state diagrams and event flow diagrams. The functional model represents system processes and data flow using data flow diagrams.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented data modeling. It describes UML as a complete language for capturing and communicating knowledge about a subject. The document outlines the goals of UML, the advantages it provides, and how it can be used. It also describes the different categories of UML diagrams including structural diagrams for describing static relationships and behavioral diagrams for describing dynamic relationships. Use case models and how they represent user interactions with a system are discussed. An example use case diagram for an order placement process is included.
This document provides an overview of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for object-oriented data modeling. It describes UML as a complete language for capturing and communicating knowledge about a subject. The document outlines the goals of UML, the advantages it provides, and how it can be used. It also describes the different categories of UML diagrams including structural diagrams for describing static relationships and behavioral diagrams for describing dynamic relationships. Use case models and how they represent user interactions with a system are discussed. An example use case diagram for an order placement process is included.
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a standardized modeling language used to visualize, specify, construct, and document software system artifacts, enabling a systematic approach to analysis, design, and implementation. This document discusses UML's history, building blocks like classes, use cases, relationships, and diagrams for modeling a system's structure and behavior statically and dynamically. The key UML diagram types covered are class, object, component, deployment, use case, sequence, collaboration, state, and activity diagrams.
This document discusses documentation in software development and architecture. It provides an overview of different types of diagrams used for documentation, including structure diagrams like class and component diagrams, behavior diagrams like activity and state machine diagrams, and interaction diagrams like sequence and communication diagrams. The document also discusses challenges with documentation, including that UML can be too technical or not technical enough, as well as strategies for documentation like self-documenting code, XML documentation, and naming conventions. Finally, it presents some popular tools for documentation like Visio, Draw.io, Gliffy, and Sparx Enterprise Architect.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. Introduction
Unified approach:
Helps to understood OO concept and system development
UML is set of notation and conventions used to describe and model
an application.
Notations enable us to articulate complex ideas briefly and
precisely.
For a notation to enable accurate communication, it must
come with a well-defined semantics, it must be well suited for
representing a given aspect of a system, and it must be well
understood among project participants.
3. Overview of UML
UML is a notation that resulted from the unification of OMT
(Object Modeling Technique, [Rumbaugh et al., 1991]), Booch
[Booch, 1994], and OOSE (Object-Oriented Software
Engineering, [Jacobson et al., 1992]) (e.g. use cases).
OMT separates modelling into three different parts
An object model, presented by object model and data dictionary
A dynamic model, presented by the state diagrams and event flow
diagram
A functional model, presented by data flow and constraint
4. Overview…
BOOCH Methodology
Widely used object-oriented methodology that helps you
design the system using object paradigm.
It covers
Analysis and design phases of an object-oriented system
It consists the following diagram
Class diagram
Object diagram
State transition diagram
Etc.
5. UML…
Is a language for specifying, constructing, visualising and
documenting the software system and its components.
Is graphical language with sets of rules and semantics.
The rules and semantics of a model are expressed in
English, in a form known as object constraint language(
OCL).
OCL is a specification language that uses simple logic for
specifying the property of the system.
However, UML is not programming language.
6. UML…
The primarily goals in the design of UML were:
Provide users are ready to use, expensive visual modelling language
so they can develop and exchange meaningful models.
Provide extensibility and specialization mechanism to extend the core
concepts.
Be independent of particular programing languages and development
process.
Provide a formal basis for understanding the modelling language
Encourage the growth of the oo tools market
Support higher-level development concepts
Integrate best practices and methodologies.
7. Building Blocks of UML
As UML describes the real-time systems, it is very
important to make a conceptual model and then
proceed gradually.
The conceptual model of UML can be mastered by
learning the following three major elements:
UML building blocks
Rules to connect the building blocks
Common mechanisms of UML
8. Cont…
The building blocks of UML
can be defined as −
Things
Relationships
Diagrams
Things are the most
important building blocks of
UML. Things can be:
Structural
Behavioural/dynamic
Grouping
Annotation
9. Structural things
Structural things define the static part of the model.
They represent the physical and conceptual elements.
Following are the brief descriptions of the structural things.
Class: represent a set of objects having similar responsibilities
Interface: Interface defines a set of operations, which specify the
responsibility of a class.
Use case: Use case represents a set of actions performed by a
system for a specific goal.
Component: physical part of the system
10. Behavioural things
Represents dynamic part of the UML models. The following
can be consider as behavioural things:
Interaction-message exchange among different elements to
accomplish a specific task.
Sequence diagram
Activity diagram
State machine: State machine is useful when the state of an object
in its life cycle is important.
It defines the sequence of states an object goes through in response to events.
Events are external factors responsible for state change
11. Grouping things
can be defined as a mechanism to group elements of
a UML model together. There is only one grouping
thing available:
Package − Package is the only one grouping thing
available for gathering structural and behavioral things.
12. Annotation Things
Annotational things can be defined as a mechanism
to capture remarks, descriptions, and comments of
UML model elements.
Note - It is the only one Annotational thing available. A
note is used to render comments, constraints, etc. of
an UML element.
13. Relationship
Relationship is another most important building block
of UML. It shows how the elements are associated
with each other and this association describes the
functionality of an application.
There are four kinds of relationships available.
Dependency is a relationship between two things in which
change in one element also affects the other.
14. Relationship
Association: is basically a set of links that connects
the elements of a UML model. It also describes how
many objects are taking part in that relationship.
Generalization: can be defined as a relationship
which connects a specialized element with a
generalized element. It basically describes the
inheritance relationship in the world of objects.
15. Relationship
Realization: can be defined as a relationship in which
two elements are connected. One element describes
some responsibility, which is not implemented and the
other one implements them. This relationship exists in
case of interfaces.
16. UML Diagrams
UML diagrams are the ultimate output of the entire
discussion. All the elements, relationships are used to
make a complete UML diagram and the diagram
represents a system.
The visual effect of the UML diagram is the most
important part of the entire process. All the other
elements are used to make it complete.
18. UML Diagrams
Use Case Diagrams
Object diagram
Class Diagrams
Sequence diagrams
Collaboration diagram
State chart diagrams
Activity diagrams
Component diagram
Deployment diagram
19. Use case diagram
It was introduced by Ivar Jacobson in OOSE.
Use case helps to represent actions done by the end users.
Use case helps to show or visualize user requirement
A use case describes how a user uses a system to accomplish a particular goal.
The functionality of a system is described in number of different use cases, each
of which represents a specific flow of events in the system.
Use case corresponds to a sequence of transaction, in which each transaction is invoked from
outside the system (actors) and engages internal objects to interact with one another and with the
system’s surrounding.
A Use Case represents an interaction between an actor (human or machine) and the
system in performing meaningful work. Example of meaningful work is login to system,
register with system and create order.
20. Essential Use Case Modeling
• To model behavioral requirements
• It is one of the two basic flavors
– Essential Use Case – Business/Abstract Use Case
– System Use Case – Concrete /Detailed Use Case
• Intended to capture the essence of problems through
technology free, idealized and abstract descriptions
• Flexible
• A picture says 1,000 words
21. Use case characteristics
Organizes functional requirements
Models the goals of system/actor (user) interactions
Describes one main flow of events (main scenarios)
and possibly other exceptional flows (alternatives),
also called paths or user scenarios
22. Use case diagram…
• In general it is Collection of use cases, actors, their
associations, a system boundary box (Optional), and
packages (Optional)
• Horizontal Ellipse – Use Cases
• Stick Figures – Actors – role players
• Line – Association and Relationship
• Arrow – Initial invocation (optional)
• Rectangle around use case – Scope of the system
• File Folders – Packages (organized model elements into
groups)
23. E.g.
a use-case diagram shows the relationship among
actors and use cases within a system.
24. Relationship in use case diagram
Communication
Are the paths btn the user and the use cases
Use/include(<<include>>, ----):
This is represented by dashed line from the one use case
to other use case.
Manage
account
Login
<<include>> valid
<<include>>
25. Relationship….
Extend (<<extend>>, <-----)
It can be considered as sub-class
An extending use case is, effectively, an alternate course of the base use case. The
<<extend>> use case accomplishes this by conceptually inserting additional action
sequences into the base use-case sequence.
View
report
Print
report
<< extend>>
Generate
report
<<include>>
26. Abstract and generalized Use Case
The general use case is abstract. It can not be
instantiated, as it contains incomplete information. The
title of an abstract use case is shown in italics.
27. use case description
There is also
Defines the outside(actor) and inside (use case)
defines what happens in the system when the use
case is performed.
Use case model defines the outside and inside
behaviour of the system
It represents specific flow of events in the system
28. Documenting use case
• Sections
– Name – name of the use case
– //Description – summary of a use case
– Actors (optional) – associated with the use case
– purpose of the use case
– //Status (optional) – work in progress etc…
– Precondition – conditions that must be met
– Post condition – effect of a use case action
– //Extension Points (optional) – covered later
– Included Use Cases (optional) – covered later
– Basic Course of Action – logic followed
– Alternate Course of Action – Infrequently used path
– Change History (optional) – when, who, why modified use cases
29. Sample Documentation (Login)
Use Case Name Login
Actor(s) USER
Purpose Allow user to access the system
Pre-condition The user not already logged in to the system and have a username and password
Flow of event 1. The user sends the request to the server using a web browser
2. The system displays the login page.
3. The user enters the user name and password and press submit button.
4. The system verifies the account [Alternate 4]
5. The user access the system
6. Use case end
Post condition User access to the system
Alternate 4 The user account not found in the system,
4.1. System display “Incorrect user name or password ” message
4.2. Go to 2.
30. Benefits of Use Case Diagram
Use cases is a powerful technique for the elicitation and documentation of black-box
functional requirements.
Because, use cases are easy to understand and provide an excellent way for
communicating with customers and users as they are written in natural language.
Use cases can help manage the complexity of large projects by partitioning the problem
into major user features (i.e., use cases) and by specifying applications from the users'
perspective.
A use case scenario, often represented by a sequence diagram, involves the
collaboration of multiple objects and classes, use cases help identify the messages
(operations and the information or data required - parameters) that glue the objects and
classes together.
31. Cont….
Use cases provide a good basis to link between the
verification of the higher-level models (i.e. interaction between
actors and a set of collaborative objects), and subsequently,
for the validation of the functional requirements (i.e. blueprint
of white-box test).
Use case driven approach provides an traceable links for
project tracking in which the key development activities such
as the use cases implemented, tested, and delivered fulfilling
the goals and objectives from the user point of views.
32. How to Draw a Use Case Diagram
A Use Case model can be developed by following the steps below.
Identify the Actors (role of users) of the system.
For each category of users, identify all roles played by the users relevant to the
system.
Identify what are the users required the system to be performed to achieve these
goals.
Create use cases for every goal.
Structure the use cases.
Prioritize, review, estimate and validate the users.
33. Class Diagram
Class diagram show the static structure of the model.
A class diagram is a collection static modelling elements, such as
classes and their relationships, connected a graph to each other and to
their contents.
Class diagram describes the attributes and operations of a class and
also the constraints imposed on the system.
It refers to object modelling, is the main static analysis diagram.
Object modelling is the process by which the logical objects in the real
world or represented by the actual objects in the program.
The visual representation, their relationship to other classes, and their
structure is for ease of understanding.
34. Cont…
The class diagrams are widely used in the modelling
of object oriented systems because they are the only
UML diagrams, which can be mapped directly with
object-oriented languages.
Class diagram is also considered as the foundation for
component and deployment diagrams.
UML diagrams are not directly mapped with any
object-oriented programming languages but the class
diagram is an exception.
35. Cont…
The purpose of the class diagram can be summarized
as:
Analysis and design of the static view of an application.
Describe responsibilities of a system.
Base for component and deployment diagrams.
36. Class Diagram elements…
Class Notation: Static structure,
Class is drawn as a rectangle with three components separated by
horizontal lines.
The top name section holds the class name,
The middle section holds general property of the class, e.g. attributes
And the bottom section holds a list of operations.
37. Class Diagram…
Class Interface Notation:
Is used to describe the externally visible behaviour of a class.
For example, an operation with public visibility.
The UML notation for an interface is a small circle with the name of the
interface connected to the class.
A class that requires the operations in the interface may be attached to the
circle by a dashed arrow.
The dependant class is not required to actually use all of the operation. For
example, a person object may interact with bankAccount object to get the
balance.
38. Class Diagram
Association(binary):
Is drown as a solid pat connecting two class or both ends may be
connected to same class. It may have association name.
The association may have an optional blank triangle in it, the point of
the triangle indicating the direction in which to read the name.
39. Class Diagram
Qualifier:
It is an association attribute. For example, a person object may be associated to bank
object. An attribute of this association is the account#. The account number is qualifier
of this association.
Multiplicity:
It specifies the range of allowable associated classes.
It is given roles within associations, parts within compositions, repetitions, and other purposes.
There are two bounds, lower and upper bounds.
Both are integer values, specifying the range of integer including the upper and lower bounds.
40. Class Diagram
The star character (*) may be used for upper bound,
denoting un limited upper bound. E.g
0…1
0..*
1..3, 7..10, 19..*
Association class:
It is an association that also has class properties. It is sown
as class symbol attached by a dashed line to an
association path. The name of the association can be
shown on the path or the class symbol.
41. Association class…
e.g.
Aggregation and composition (a part of):
Aggregation is a form of association.
A hollow diamond is attached to the end of the path to indicate the
aggregation. The diamond hollow may not be attached to both ends of line.
42. Aggregation and composition….
Composition also known as a the a-part-of , is a form of
aggregation with strong ownership to represent the component of a
complex object.
It is also referred as a part-whole relationship. The UML notation for
composition is a solid diamond at the end of the path.
43. Class Diagram
Generalization:
Is the relationship btn more general class and more specific class.
Generalization is displayed as a directed line with a closed, hollow
arrowhead at the superclass end. Generalization natation
45. Object Diagram
A static object diagram is an instance of a class
diagram. It shows a snapshot of the detailed state of
the system at a point in time. Notation is similar as
class notation.
Class diagram contain objects and no classes in
object diagram
Object diagrams are derived from class diagrams so
object diagrams are dependent upon class diagrams.
46. Cont…
Object diagrams represent an instance of a class
diagram. The basic concepts are similar for class
diagrams and object diagrams. Object diagrams also
represent the static view of a system but this static
view is a snapshot of the system at a particular
moment.
Object diagrams are used to render a set of objects
and their relationships as an instance.
47. Purpose…
The purposes of object diagrams are similar to class
diagrams.
The difference is that a class diagram represents an
abstract model consisting of classes and their
relationships. However, an object diagram represents
an instance at a particular moment, which is concrete
in nature.
48. Cont…
It means, object diagram is closer to the actual system
behaviour. The purpose is to capture the static view of a
system at a particular moment.
The purpose of the object diagram can be summarized as:
Forward and reverse engineering.
Object relationships of a system
Static view of an interaction.
Understand object behaviour and their relationship from practical
perspective
49.
50.
51. Interaction Diagram
Are diagrams that describe how group objects collaborate to
get the job done.
It capture the behaviour of a single use case, showing the
pattern of interaction among objects.
It also shows messages between objects.
Two type of:
Sequence diagram
Collaboration diagram
52. Sequence Diagram
Are an easy and intuitive way of describing the behaviour of a system by
viewing the interaction between the system and the environment.
It shows an interaction arranged in time sequence.
It shows the objects in the interaction by their life-line and messages they
exchange, arranged in a time sequence.
It has two dimension
Vertical dimension, represent time and,
Horizontal dimension, represents different objects.
The vertical lifeline represents the object’s existence during the interaction
53. Sequence diagram…for login
An object is shown as box at the top of dashed vertical line. The sequence diagram doesn’t show
the relationship the association among objects.
55. Collaboration Diagram
Is another type of integration diagram
It represent collaboration, which is set of objects related in a
particular context, and interaction, which messages
exchanged among the object within the collaboration to
achieve a desired outcome.
In collaboration diagram, objects are shown as figures.
In collaboration, the sequence is indicated by numbering the
message.
57. State chart Diagram
It shows sequence of states that an object goes through
during its life in response to outside stimuli and messages.
The state is set of values that describes an object at a specific
point in time and is represented by state symbols and
transitions are represented by arrows connecting the state
symbol
Its purpose is to understand the algorithm involving in method.
A state is represented as a rounded box, which may contain
one or more compartments.
59. …Statechart Diagram
Following are the main purposes of using Statechart diagrams:
To model the dynamic aspect of a system.
To model the life time of a reactive system.
To describe different states of an object during its life time.
Define a state machine to model the states of an object.
Before drawing a Statechart diagram we should clarify the following
points:
Identify the important objects to be analysed.
Identify the states.
Identify the events.
60. Activity Diagram
It is a variation or special case of a state machine, in which the states
are activities representing the performance of operations and the
transitions are triggered by the completion of the operations.
Unlike state diagram that focus on the events occurring to a single
object as it responds to messages, an activity diagram can be used to
model the entire business process.
The purpose of activity diagram is a view of flows and what is going
on in side a use case or among several classes.
An activity is represented as round box, containing the name
of the operation. It also indicates the execution of operation.
64. …Activity Diagram
Activity diagram can be used for :
Modelling work flow by using activities.
Modelling business requirements.
High level understanding of the system's functionalities.
Investigating business requirements at a later stage.
65. Component Diagram
Component diagrams model the physical components
such as source code, executable program, user
interface in design.
Another way of looking at components is the concept
of packages. A package is used to show how you can
group together classes, which in essence are smaller
scale components.
A component diagram is a graph of the design’s
components connected by dependency relationship.
66. …Component Diagram
The purpose of the component diagram can be
summarized as:
Visualize the components of a system.
Construct executables by using forward and reverse
engineering.
Describe the organization and relationships of the
components.
67. Deployment Diagram
It shows the configuration of run-time processing elements and the software
components, process and objects that live in them.
Software component instances represent run-time manifestations of code units.
Component diagram are used in conjunction with deployment diagrams to show
physical modules of code are distributed on various hardware platforms.
A deployment diagram is a graph of nodes connected by communication
association.
Nodes may contain component instances, which means that the component lives
or runs at that node. Components are connected to other components by dashed-
arrow dependencies, usually through interfaces which indicate one component
uses the services of another.