Grade 8 Integrated Science Chapter 12 Lesson 2 on the Sun and other stars. This lesson discusses nuclear fusion and the composition of a star. It introduces the three interior layers and the three exterior layers. It also introduces the changing features of the Sun's surface. There is also a short introduction on the H-R diagram.
Made this when I was 12 for my group's report about astronomy. A presentation about Astronomy--Stars, Galaxies, Constellations, etc. I don't really see the point in just keeping it unused in my computer...
Made this when I was 12 for my group's report about astronomy. A presentation about Astronomy--Stars, Galaxies, Constellations, etc. I don't really see the point in just keeping it unused in my computer...
Earth and Life Science - Theories on the Origin of the Solar SystemJuan Miguel Palero
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the origin of the Solar System.
Earth and Life Science - Theories on the Origin of the Solar SystemJuan Miguel Palero
This is a powerpoint presentation that is about one of the Senior High School Core Subject: Earth and Life Science. It is composed of the theories that explains the origin of the Solar System.
Into the Edge of the Stars Humanity’s changing vision of the cosmos Presenter...Haileyesus Wondwossen
Into the Edge of the Stars Humanity’s changing vision of the cosmos
Presenter: Haileyesus Wondwossen
Basic measurement.
How old our universe is?
Evidence that the universe had a beginning.
Size comparison.
The universe-Earth
Faster travel.
Search for life-bearing planets
Mystery question
oriaethiopia1@gmail.com
+251920720556
Maybe too in-depth for most elementary students, but very good broad coverage for teacher background or more advanced students in elementary or middle school.
This is a simple worksheet for drawing and outlining the stages of mitosis. There are 4 boxes for Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase with 1 extra box for either interphase or cytokinesis.
Grade 9 Biology. Introduction to the cell cycle. These are the guided notes for the Cell Cycle PPT. The goal is to introduction the stages of the cell cycle. G1, S, and G2. There is a lot of space for diagrams. Students are asked to consider surface-area to volume ratio and size limitations for the cell. Additionally, they should be able to identify the differences between each stage of the cell cycle and interphase.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. The Sun and Other Stars
Chapter 12.2 (p422-428)
2. New Vocabulary
• Nuclear fusion (p423) – a process that occurs when the nuclei of
several atoms combine into one larger nucleus
• Star (p423) – a large ball of gas held together by gravity with a core
so hot that nuclear fusion occurs
• Radiative Zone (424) – a shell of cooler hydrogen above a star’s
core
• Convection Zone (424) – where hot gas moves up toward the
surface and cooler gas moves deeper into the interior
• Photosphere (424) – the apparent surface of a star
• Chromosphere (424) – the orange-red layer above the photosphere
• Corona (424) – the wide, outermost layer of a star’s atmosphere
• Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (427) – a graph that plots luminosity
v. temperature of a star
3. How Stars Shine
• When gases are hot enough, its atoms will move quickly
and collide more often with more energy.
• If the energy is high enough the nuclei of some atoms will
combine. This is called nuclear fusion.
– Nuclear fusion is defined as a process that occurs when the
nuclei of several atoms combine into one larger nucleus.
– This releases a great amount of energy that powers the star
• A star is a large ball of gas held together by gravity with a
core so hot that nuclear fusion occurs.
– It can reach millions or hundreds of millions of degrees Celsius.
– The energy leaves the star and radiates through space.
4. • Looking at this picture what color atom
represents protons? How do you know?
Yellow because we know the reactants are hydrogen which have
only one proton and the product helium has two.
5. Composition and Structure of Stars
• Scientists study our closest star, the Sun, using
probes and by studying its spectrum using the
spectroscope.
• Spectra of the Sun and other stars provide
information about stellar composition.
• The Sun and most stars are made almost
entirely of hydrogen and helium gas.
• A star’s composition changes over time as
hydrogen nuclei fuse into more complex
nuclei
6. • The bottom spectra is the spectra of our Sun. The spectra
above it are for galaxies progressively further and further
away. Absorption lines shift to the right as objects move away
from us, this is called the red shift. (not necessary for exam,
but remember what a spectra is and why it is important)
7. Interior of Stars
• When first formed, all stars fuse hydrogen into helium
in their cores.
• Helium is denser than hydrogen, so it sinks to the inner
part of the core after it forms.
• A typical star has three interior layers:
– Core
– Radiative Zone – a shell of cooler hydrogen above a star’s
core
• Hydrogen is dense here. Light energy bounces from atom to atom
as it moves upward
– Convection Zone – when hot gas moves up towards the
surface and cooler gas moves deeper into the interior
• Light energy moves quickly upward into the convection zone
• *Energy moves from inside out.
8.
9. Atmosphere of Stars
• Beyond the convention zone there are three outer
layers:
– The photosphere is the apparent surface of a star.
• In the Sun, it is the dense bright part you can see, where light
energy radiates into space
– The chromosphere is the orange-red layer above the
photosphere.
– The corona is the wide, outermost layer of a star’s
atmosphere
• The temperature of the corona is higher than the photosphere or
the chromosphere.
• It has an irregular shape and can extend outward for several
million kilometers.
10.
11. Changing Features of the Sun
The Sun’s interior features have been
stable over millions of years, but the
Sun’s atmosphere is constantly
changing.
12. Sunspots
• Regions of strong magnetic activity are called
sunspots
• Cooler than the rest of the photosphere,
sunspots appear as dark splotches that move
as the Sun rotates
• The number of sunspots changes over time
• They follow a cycle peaking every 11 years
• They average the size of Earth
13.
14. Prominence and Flares
• Prominences are clouds of gas that make
loops and jets extending into the corona
• They can sometimes last for weeks
• Flares are sudden increases in brightness
often found near sunspots and prominences
• Both flare and prominences begin at or just
above the photosphere
15.
16. Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs)
• Huge bubbles of gas ejected from the corona
are coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
• They are much larger than flares and occur
over the course of several hours
• Material from a CME can reach Earth,
occasionally causing radio blackout or a
malfunction in an orbiting satellite
17.
18. The Solar Wind
• Charged particles that stream continually
away from the Sun create the solar wind
• The solar wind passes Earth and extends to
the edge of the solar system
• Auroras are curtains of light created when
particles from the solar wind or a CME
interact with Earth’s magnetic field
• Auroras occur in both the northern and
southern hemispheres
21. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
• The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram)
is a graph that plots luminosity v. temperature of
stars.
• The y-axis is increasing luminosity
• The x-axis is decreasing star surface temperature
• It is an important tool for measuring star
distances
• If two stars have the same temperature,
luminosity can be determined and distance can
be found.
22. The Main Sequence
• Most stars spend the majority of their lives on
the main sequence
• On the H-R diagram, main sequence stars form a
curved line
• The mass of a star determines both its
temperature and its luminosity
• Higher Mass Stars
– Higher the mass the hotter and brighter the star,
because high-mass stars have more gravity, hotter
cores, and can produce and use more energy through
nuclear fusion
23. The Main Sequence
– High-mass stars have a shorter life span than lowmass stars
– High-mass stars burn through their hydrogen much
faster and then move off the main sequence
• Non Main Sequence Stars
– The star group outside the main sequence no longer
fuse hydrogen into helium in their cores
– Some of these stars, like supergiants, are cooler, yet
brighter and larger
– Others, like white dwarfs, are dimmer and smaller,
yet much hotter