The document describes the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain and spinal cord. CSF is present in the ventricular system of the brain and around the brain and spinal cord in the subarachnoid spaces. It passes from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen, then to the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct, and finally to the subarachnoid space through apertures in the fourth ventricle, where it circulates around the brain and spinal cord.
4 th ventricle- Anatomical and surgical perspectivesuresh Bishokarma
4th ventricle connects the entire ventricular system of brain. Its connection with cisterns magna and cerebella pontine cistern via foramen of magenta and Luschka. CSF absorbs into the arachnoid granulation.
4 th ventricle- Anatomical and surgical perspectivesuresh Bishokarma
4th ventricle connects the entire ventricular system of brain. Its connection with cisterns magna and cerebella pontine cistern via foramen of magenta and Luschka. CSF absorbs into the arachnoid granulation.
Surgical approach for tumors in the lateral and third ventricleSherif Watidy
Professor Sherif Elwatidy explains in this lecture the approach to the lateral and third ventricle with emphasis on the anatomy of the region and through the trajectory.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
У 1773 годзе нямецкі пастар і заолаг Іаган Аўгуст Эфраім Гёцэ глядзеў у свой мікраскоп і ўбачыў там нешта захапляльнае. Там павольна ішлі маленькія істоты, у іх было восем лапак з кіпцюрыкамі: па 3 лапы з бакоў і яшчэ пара ззаду, - у іх былі маленькія вочкі і ўвогуле яны былі падобныя на маленькіх мядзведзікаў, толькі празрыстых.
Surgical approach for tumors in the lateral and third ventricleSherif Watidy
Professor Sherif Elwatidy explains in this lecture the approach to the lateral and third ventricle with emphasis on the anatomy of the region and through the trajectory.
Before embarking on an approach, the surgeon should be familiar with both the ventricular anatomy and the options for optimally Accessing lesions in third ventricle is a surgical challenge because of its difficult corridor as well as deeper location, need of neural incision, preservation of vascular, thalamus and hypothalamus and likely risk of fornix injury.
У 1773 годзе нямецкі пастар і заолаг Іаган Аўгуст Эфраім Гёцэ глядзеў у свой мікраскоп і ўбачыў там нешта захапляльнае. Там павольна ішлі маленькія істоты, у іх было восем лапак з кіпцюрыкамі: па 3 лапы з бакоў і яшчэ пара ззаду, - у іх былі маленькія вочкі і ўвогуле яны былі падобныя на маленькіх мядзведзікаў, толькі празрыстых.
Tridhaatu Vihaan is one of the popular residential developments in Matunga East, neighborhood of Mumbai. It is among the ongoing projects of Tridhaatu Realty & Infra Pvt. Ltd.. It has lavish yet thoughtfully designed residences in 1 Blocks.
Neuroanatomy of ventricular system and CSF circulation also include
CSF composition
CSF production
CSF circulation
CSF absorption
Intracranial pressure
Raised ICP
Hydrocephalus
Brain CT Anatomy and Basic Interpretation Part IISakher Alkhaderi
Detailed anatomy of the brain ventricles , CSF production and pathway and arterial supply and venous drainage of the brain and corresponding CT cross sectional anatomy and definition of sulcus and gyrus and fissure and the names of the important gyri .
There are several types of fluid-filled spaces with the brain. Read t.pdfmcmillenfawbushrom13
There are several types of fluid-filled spaces with the brain. Read the descriptions below and
determine whether each describes a ventricle, a sinus, or other. Then click and drag each label
into its appropriate category.
Solution
Ventricle-
The ventricles- contains the choroid plexus that produces the CSF
Third ventricle- present between the fornix and midbrain.
fourth ventricle- between the cerebellum and pons.
Lateral Ventricle- Between the corpus Callosum and the fornix
Sinus-
dural sinuses or dural venous sinuses- a space within the dura matter that follows the longitudinal
fissure.
Other:
Cerebral Aqueduct - connects the third ventricle and fourth ventricle.
Central Canal - recieves CSF directly from the cerebral aqueduct.
Medial and lateral apertures - allows for passage from the forth ventricle to extracerebellar space..
Describe the location, function, and communications of ventricles of the brain
Name the parts and describe the boundaries of the lateral ventricle
Describe the third ventricle
Describe the fourth ventricle
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
1. QURATULAIN MUGHAL
BATCH IV
DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
ISRA UNIVERSITY
CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)
• It is a modified tissue fluid.
• It is present in the ventricular system of the brain and in
the subarachnoid spaces around the brain and spinal cord.
CIRCULATION
• CSF passes from each lateral ventricle to the third
ventricle through the interventricular foramen (of
Monroe).
2. • From the third ventricle, it passes to the fourth ventricle
through the cerebral aqueduct.
• From the fourth ventricle, the CSF passes to the
subarachnoid space through the median and lateral
aperatures of the fourth ventricle.
3. Lateral ventricles
Interventricular
foramina
3rd
ventricle
Aqueduct of midbrain
4th
ventricle
Three apertures in
roof One medial
Two lateral
Central canal of spinal
cord
Cerebellomedullary cistern
and pontine cistern
i.e. subarachnoid space in
cranial cavity
Subarachnoid space
around spinal cord
and cauda equina
Tentorial notch
Inferior surface
cerebrum
Veins of spinal cord
Superolateral
surface of cerebrum
Absorption into
Arachnoid
granulation
Superior sagital
sinus