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Brain anatomy (part 3)
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Brain anatomy (part 3)
- 1. الرحيم الرحمن هللابسم, هلل والحمدالعالمين رب, أشرف علي والسالم والصالة و محمد سيدنا المرسلين أجمعين صحبه و اله علي
- 2. Brain anatomy Protective coverings Scal p Bone Meninges Brain parenchyma Cerebrum Cerebellu mBrain stem Cranial Nerves. Limbic system Vascular anatomy Arterial Venous CSF spaces Ventricular system Cisterns
- 3. Ventricular system ■ Theventricular system in the brain is composed of CSF-filled ventricles and their connecting foramina. ■ two lateral ventricles. ■ 3rd ventricle. ■ 4th ventricle. Supratentorial ventricular system Infratentorial ventricular system
- 4. Ventricular system The interconnectionsbetween the ventricles occurs through the following: ■ Two interventricular foramen (of Monro): lateral to third ■ cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius): third to fourth
- 5. Lateral ventricle ■ Madeof body and three horns, frontal (ant), occipital (post) and temporal (inf) horns. ■ The central part of the body of lateral ventricle is called the cella media. ■ The junction between the body with the occipital and temporal horn is called atrium. ■ The two lateral ventricles are separated by septum pellucidum which is made of WM containing GM nuclei.
- 6. 3rd ventricle ■ Slitshaped between the two thalami. ■ Its floor made from anterior to posterior of:- ■ Optic chiasm. ■ Pituitary Stalk. ■ Tuber cenerium. ■ Mammillary bodies. ■ Roof of midbrain tegmentum
- 7. 4th ventricle ■ CSFenters the ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct and leaves via one of four routes: ■ via the obex and into the central spinal canal ■ via the median aperture (of Magendie) into the cisterna magna ■ via ones of the two lateral apertures (of Luschka) into the cerebellopontine cistern
- 8. CSF circulation ■ CSFis produced by choroid plexus mainly within lateral ventricle then passing through foramena of Monro into 3rd ventricle from which CSF passes through aqueduct od Sylvius to 4th ventricle. ■ From 4th ventricle through its two lateral foramina and single median foramen passing to central canal of spinal cord and subarachnoid space to be absorbed by arachnoid villi into Dural venous sinuses.
- 9. CSF circulation ■ CSFcirculation is related to cardiac cycle i.e. – During systole as blood is going to the brain, the CSF flow down through aqueduct of Sylvius. – During diastole the reverse occurs. ■ So CSF flow characterized by caudal flow during systole and CSF cranial flow during diastole.
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- 11. Liliequist classification of C.S.Fcisterns Ventral Cisterns Median unpaired Medullary Pontine Inter- peduncular Chiasmatic Paramedian paired CP angle Crural Carotid Sylvian Dorsal Cisterns Median unpaired Peri-callosal Quadrigemina l Supra- cerebellar Paramedian paired Ambient Retro- thalamic Communicating cisterns Cisterna magna Lamina terminalis General subarachnoid space over the convexities
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- 14. Infratentorial cisterns Anterior Inter-peduncular Pre-pontine Premedullary Lateral Ambient Superior CPA InferiorCPA Posterior Cisterna magna Superior cerbellar Superior Vermian Hemispheric
- 15. CSF cisterns Median un-pairedcisterns Para-median paired cisterns 1-Premedullary 12-Inferior CP angle 2-Prepontine 13-Superior CP angle 3-Interpeduncular 14-Crural 4-Chiasmatic 15-ambient 5-Lamina terminalis 16-Carotid 6-Pericallosal 17-sylvian 7-Quadrigeminal 8-Vellum interpositum 9-Superior cerebellar 10-Cisterna magna 11-Vallecula
- 16. Perimesencephalic cisterns 1. InterpeduncularC. 2. Crural C. 3. Ambient C. 4. Quadrigeminal C.
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- 18. Premedullary (Medullary) cistern •Anterior to the medulla.Location • Vertebral arteries. • PICA. • Anterior spinal artery. • Posterior spinal arteries. • Pre-medullary V. • CN XII. Contents
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- 21. Pre-pontine (Pontine) cistern •Anterior to the Pons.Location • Basilar A. • AICA. • Ant. Pontomesencephalic V. • CN V. • CN VI. Contents
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- 25. Interpeduncular cistern • Anteriorto midbrain between the cerebral peduncles.Location • Basilar tip. • SCA. • PCA. • Interpeduncular V. • Cn3. Contents
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- 28. Basal v. Interpeduncular V DMCVPonto- mesencephalic V Basilar A. Interpeduncular V DMCV
- 29. Suprasellar (Chiasmatic) cistern •Above the Sella.Location • Optic chiasm. • Pituitary infundibulum Contents
- 30. Liliequist membrane The Liliequistmembrane is the arachnoid membrane separating the Chiasmatic and interpeduncular cisterns. • Dorsum sellae. Lower attachment • Mamillary body. Upper attachment • Arachnoid sheath surrounding the oculomotor nerve. Lateral attachment
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- 33. Lamina terminalis cistern •Anterior to the lamina terminalis, • Inferior to the rostrum of corpus callosum & • Superior to the optic chiasm. Location • ACA. • ACOM.Contents
- 34. Pericallosal cistern • Abovethe corpus callosum and • Between the cingulate gyri.Location • The Pericallosal artery.Contents
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- 37. Quadrigeminal (VOG) cistern •Posterior to the quadrigeminal plate, • Inferior to the splenium of corpus callosum & • Superior to the cerebellum Location • Vein of Galen . • Precentral V. • P3 of PCA. Contents
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- 40. Superior cerebellar cistern •Between the tentorium cerebelli and superior vermis. Location • Superior cerebellar artery. • Superior vermian veins .Contents
- 43. Vellum interpositum cistern (doublelayered tela choroidae) • Superior to the roof of the third ventricle. • Inferior to the body of fornix. • The anterior end of the vellum interpositum is closed, posterior to the interventricular foramen. • The posterior end of the vellum interpositum is open & continuous with the quadrigeminal cistern. Location • Internal cerebral veins .Contents
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- 45. Cavum villi interpositiCavum septum pellucidum & cavum vergae
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- 48. Vallecula cerebelli • CSFcistern between the cerebellar tonsils. • Connects the foramen of Magendi & cisterna magna. Location • PICA.Contents Vallecula
- 49. CP angle cisterns •Anterior to the CP angle.Location • Superior CP angle cistern • AICA. • Cn 7. • Cn 8. • Inferior CP angle cistern • (lateral cerebello-medullary cistern): • Cn 9. • Cn 10. Contents
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- 51. Superior CP anglecistern AICA AICA AICA AICA
- 52. Inferior CP anglecistern Cn 9/10 Cn 10 Cn 9
- 53. Crural cisterns Location • P2segment of PCA. • Superior cerebellar artery. • Anterior choroidal artery. • Basal vein of Rosenthal. Contents Between the Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncles Uncus of temporal lobe Medially Laterally
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- 56. Carotid cisterns • Lateralto the sella, • inferior TO the anterior clinoid process & • Superior to the cavernous sinus. Location • Internal carotid artery • Origin of ACA, MCA, AchA & PCOM. Contents
- 57. Sylvian cisterns • Betweenthe carotid cistern & sylvian fissure. Location • Middle cerebral artery. • Superficial & deep sylvian veins. Contents
- 58. Ambient cisterns • Ambient= surrounding. • Extension of the quadrigeminal cistern lateral to the midbrain. Location • P2 segment of PCA. • SCA. • AchA. • Lateral mesencephalic V. • Basal vein of Rosenthal . • CV IV. Contents
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- 63. Retro-thalamic cisterns (wingsof ambient cisterns) • Lateral extensions of the ambient cisterns posterior to the thalamic pulvinar. Location • Lateral posterior choroidal artery.Contents
- 65. Vellum interpositum Retro-thalamic CisternRetro-thalamicCistern Sup.cerebellar Cistern
- 66. إله ال أنأشهد بحمدك و اللهم سيحانك أليك أتوب و أستغفرك أنت إال