The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa. It regulates consciousness, vital functions, motor/sensory reception, and balance/gait. It communicates with supratentorial spaces through the tentorium incisura and spinal cord through the foramen magnum. The cerebellum's surface faces and is related to surrounding structures like the tentorium, petrous bone, sigmoid sinuses. It has connections via the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles and plays a role in motor learning and coordination. Developmental issues like Dandy-Walker syndrome and Arnold-Chiari malformation can affect the cerebellum.