Posterior brain arterial circulation
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The document discusses the posterior arterial circulation of the brain, including the arteries that supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum. It outlines the main arteries - the vertebral arteries, basilar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) - and describes their segments and typical vascular territories. The document also notes there can be variations in the anatomy of these arteries and lists some references for further information.
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2. Introduction to Brainstem Anatomy of the brainstem includes ( midbrain-pons-medulla ) is very complicated !! •It connects spinal cord to the cerebrum. • The mid brain pons, and medulla are connected to cerebellum posteriorly. •1 - ascending an descending tracts that connect brain to spinal cord. •2 - cranial nerves nuclei and their connections •3 - Reticular formation •4 - others e.g (olivarynucleus in MO tapizusbody in pons and red nucleus in MB )
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7. Ventral Surface Pyramid: Swelling on each side of anterior median fissure. • Composed of bundles of nerve fibers, (corticospinal fibers) originate from the precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex. • The pyramids taper inferiorly and majority of the descending fibers decussate to the opposite side. Olive: • Olives are the anterolateral oval elevations produced by the underlying inferior olivary nuclei. • From the groove between the pyramid and the olive, the rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve emerge
8. LATERAL ASPECT • Roots of glossopharyngeal , vagus and cranial division of accessory nerves are attached to the medulla dorsal to olive.
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The scalp is the soft tissue covering the skull. It consists of 5 layers - skin, connective tissue, the epicranial aponeurosis, loose connective tissue, and the pericranium. The occipitofrontalis muscle is found within the scalp and has frontal and occipital bellies which are innervated by branches of the facial nerve. This muscle allows movement of the scalp. Arterial blood supply comes from branches of the external carotid artery including the superficial temporal artery. Sensory innervation is provided by branches of the trigeminal nerve and cervical nerves while motor innervation comes from the facial nerve. Wounds of the scalp bleed profusely
Blood supply to the brain
The document summarizes the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the brain. It discusses the two main sources of arterial blood - the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. It describes the branches of these arteries and their territories. It also discusses the clinical consequences of occlusions in different arteries. The circle of Willis and venous drainage routes are also summarized.
NEET 2011 solved Question paper by TripMyCourse
The document provides information about anatomy topics including:
- Anterior choroidal artery syndrome features complete hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and homonymous hemianopia.
- Resection of liver segments 2 and 3 is referred to as a left lateral segmentectomy or left lateral sectionectomy.
- The vertebral artery passes through the foramen magnum.
Eljack's Lecture Notes in Neuroscience
This document provides information about a neuroanatomy review book written by Ahmed A. E. Eljack. It lists the contributors to the book and acknowledges their assistance. It also provides contact information for the graphic designer who designed the book cover and information on how to obtain physical copies of the book. The purpose of the book is to combine neuroanatomy and CNS physiology topics in a concise, bullet-pointed format with illustrations to make these subjects easier for medical students to understand and master.
Organization of the nervous system
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system. It begins with an introduction to the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system. It then describes the main divisions and components of the CNS in detail, including the brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and telencephalon. It discusses the protection mechanisms of the CNS, including the skull, meninges, blood-brain barrier, and cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, it provides an overview of neurons, glial cells, and classifications of neurons.
General arrangement & development of brain
This document provides an overview of the structure and development of the brain. It begins by outlining the main parts and subdivisions of the brain, including the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. It then describes the development of the nervous system from the neural plate and tube. Key stages of brain development like neural crest formation are explained. The document concludes by discussing various clinical topics related to the brain, such as spinal cord injuries, herniated discs, spinal taps, and head injuries. Imaging techniques for diagnosing brain conditions like CT scans and MRI are also mentioned.
Ls3 bfet class test 1 2017 memo
This document appears to be a test for a Life Science class covering topics related to the nervous system. It contains 25 multiple choice questions testing knowledge of topics like sensory pathways, the central nervous system, neurons, and neurotransmitters. It also includes short answer questions requiring students to label diagrams, define terms, distinguish between types of depression, and explain concepts like the chemical transmission of signals across synapses.
Brainstem
The document provides information about the brainstem, which consists of the medulla, pons, and midbrain. It describes the gross anatomy and internal features of the medulla, including nuclei, tracts, and blood supply. Specific conditions that can affect the medulla, such as raised intracranial pressure and lateral/medial medullary syndromes, are also discussed. The pons is then covered, outlining its anterior and posterior surfaces, nuclei including the pontine nuclei, and blood supply from the basilar artery.
Chapt4 ectoderm
These papers describe the boilers going through the process of synthesis is the stage of embryos Alambroderm
Nervous systems in vertebrates: T.Y.B.Sc. Sem VI Notes
Nervous systems in vertebrates: T.Y.B.Sc. Sem VI NotesDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
The document discusses the development and differentiation of the brain in vertebrates. It begins by explaining how the neural tube develops and differentiates into three primary brain vesicles - the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. These later develop into five vesicles. It then describes the relationships between the early brain structures and the mature nervous system. The document also discusses the flexures of the brain, the evolution of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum across different vertebrates, and provides a comparative overview of brain anatomy in key vertebrate groups.013_OBHG_Neurological-12_-_200000006.ppt
This document provides a summary of the nervous system including:
- It describes the main divisions of the nervous system including the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), peripheral nervous system, and autonomic nervous system.
- Within the central nervous system it outlines the main structures of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and covers the protective meninges.
- It also summarizes the main components and functions of the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems including cranial nerves, spinal nerves, neurons, and neurotransmitters.
- Finally, it briefly discusses some common nervous system diseases like Myasthenia Gravis, Bell's Palsy, and Guillain
autonomicfdfdddddddddddddddddddddf 1 .ppt
The autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of internal organs and glands. It has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system arises from the spinal cord and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response through actions like increasing heart rate and blood pressure. It has four divisions that supply different regions of the body. The parasympathetic nervous system counteracts the sympathetic system to promote "rest and digest" functions like slowing the heart rate and increasing digestive activity.
Brain Development
The document discusses brain and nervous system development from the early stages of embryogenesis through childhood. It covers the formation of the neural tube and differentiation of the central nervous system into the brain and spinal cord. Key topics include neural cell formation and migration, myelination, and the importance of neural activity and connectivity for proper development. Factors that can disrupt development, such as genetic defects and fetal alcohol syndrome, are also outlined.
Brain development
The document summarizes key stages in the development of the neural tube and brain during embryogenesis. It discusses how the neural tube forms from the ectoderm and closes, forming the brain vesicles and flexures that give rise to the distinct brain regions. It describes the migration and differentiation of cells from the alar and basal plates that develop into various neuronal populations and structures of the brainstem and spinal cord. The formation and differentiation of the cerebellum, pons, midbrain, hindbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon are also covered. Critical signaling molecules that pattern the early neural tube are also mentioned.
autonomddddddddddddddddddddddddic 1 .ppt
The document describes the anatomy and functions of the autonomic nervous system. It notes that the autonomic nervous system regulates the activity of internal organs and is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system arises from the spinal cord and is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels. The parasympathetic system counteracts the sympathetic effects and arises from both the spinal cord and cranial nerves involved in "rest and digest" functions.
Head Injury (Traumatic Brain Injury) - types, complications and management
this presentation provides in-depth knowledge regarding head injuries, types of head injuries their complications, and management. management is discussed from medical, surgical, and nursing points of view.
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Nervous systems in vertebrates: T.Y.B.Sc. Sem VI Notes
Nervous systems in vertebrates: T.Y.B.Sc. Sem VI Notes
Head Injury (Traumatic Brain Injury) - types, complications and management
Head Injury (Traumatic Brain Injury) - types, complications and management
More from Mohamed E Elsebaey
Anatomy of Cortex of CEREBELLUM with hand made lines.pdf
The cerebellum is located at the back of the brain below the occipital lobes. It plays an important role in motor control, coordination, precision of movement, and balance. The cerebellum receives input from sensory systems and sends output to motor systems to coordinate movement.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours M E Elsebaey.pdf
detailed micro-anatomy and pathology and surgical options and approaches for management of the peripheral nerve sheath tumors especially the malignant types.
anatomical points about tentorial incisura
The document discusses anatomical points about the tantorial incisura. Specifically, it focuses on key details regarding the tantorial incisura, which is an anatomical structure located in the brain. The document was written by Mohamed Elsayed Elsebaey, a neurosurgery lecturer at Benha Teaching Hospital, in 2024.
Median median anatomy carpal tunnel syndrome.pptx
basic anatomy of the median nerve and its variants. pathology and different theories of the carpal tunnel syndrome plus the variations of the palmar cutanous branch of median nerve. types of skin incision for surgical intervention and difference between endoscopic and microscopic approaches.
Sciatic Nerve Injury different Pathologies.pptx
This document discusses sciatic nerve injuries from different pathologies like piriformis syndrome and discusses possible causes of sciatic nerve injury including hip arthroplasty, direct trauma, injections, orthopedic procedures, and positioning. It also discusses evaluation of neurotoxicity from injections and timing of surgical intervention after injection injuries. The document provides detailed information on the innervation of muscles supplied by the sciatic nerve in the lower extremity.
Brachial plexus surgery (simple introduction)
This document provides an overview of brachial plexus anatomy and surgery. It discusses the neck triangles and general anatomy of the brachial plexus. It then covers common modes of injury, clinical assessment, and a protocol for management. The document outlines important surgical landmarks and approaches for both infraclavicular and supraclavicular brachial plexus surgery. Key steps of the surgeries are described, including identification of neural structures and potential nerve decompression, grafting, or transfer procedures.
Interpretation of NCS and EMG
interpretation of the electrodiagnostic studies in the cases of the nerve injuries from the view of neurosurgeon
Craniovertebral junction cvj embryology
The anatomy of the craniovertebral junction and its relation to the blood vessels and nerves and ligaments
Third ventricle
Anatomy and surgical classification of the 3rd ventricle and approaches to each part in illustrated pictures
Spinal cord injuries
Central cord syndrome results in greater motor deficit in the upper extremities than the lower extremities. It is often caused by hyperextension injuries or cervical osteophytic spurs and presents with weakness in the upper extremities and varying sensory deficits below the level of injury. Treatment involves ICU management to support respiratory and cardiac function, maintaining mean arterial pressure above 85-90 mmHg for spinal cord perfusion, and surgical decompression if there is instability or persistent cord compression.
Tentorial meningiomas
The detailed anatomy of the venous circulation and the tentorial incisura and classification of the tentorial meningiomas
Punctate midline myelotomy
Spinal cord myelotomy and its subtypes for management of the intractable visceral pain like cancer head of Pancreas and colon
Parasagittal meningioma
Grades and Subtypes of the parasagittal meningiomas and tricks in the dealing with the SSS injury during surgery
ICA anatomy
The internal carotid artery has 7 segments from its origin to termination. The cervical segment passes through the carotid sheath alongside nerves before entering the carotid canal in the petrous bone. The petrous segment loops within the temporal bone. The lacerum segment passes over the foramen lacerum. The cavernous segment passes through the cavernous sinus. The clinoid and ophthalmic segments are intradural before the communicating segment joins the anterior and middle cerebral arteries. The carotid siphon refers to the cavernous and intracranial portions that form an S-shape.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa. It regulates consciousness, vital functions, motor/sensory reception, and balance/gait. It communicates with supratentorial spaces through the tentorium incisura and spinal cord through the foramen magnum. The cerebellum's surface faces and is related to surrounding structures like the tentorium, petrous bone, sigmoid sinuses. It has connections via the superior, middle, and inferior cerebellar peduncles and plays a role in motor learning and coordination. Developmental issues like Dandy-Walker syndrome and Arnold-Chiari malformation can affect the cerebellum.
CSF Dynamics and CSF circulation
This document discusses cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, including CSF production, drainage, composition, and pressure. Key points include:
- CSF is produced by the choroid plexus at a rate of 0.3-0.4 ml/min and is absorbed through the arachnoid villi and dural sinusoids.
- Normal CSF pressure in adults is 4.5-13.5 mmHg.
- Infusion tests can assess CSF system dynamics by measuring parameters like conductance and compliance.
- Understanding CSF dynamics helps research hydrocephalus and could aid in deciding treatment like shunt surgery.
C1 C2 fractures
Cervical spine fractures, especially those involving C1 and C2, were discussed. Key points included that 10% of cervical fractures involve C1, with 56% being isolated fractures and 44% combined fractures. 20% involve C2. Types of C1 fractures described were Type 1 stable fractures at the posterior arch-lateral mass junction, Type 2 burst fractures, and Type 3 lateral mass fractures. Types of C2 fractures included odontoid fractures classified using Anderson and D'Alonzo's system, Hangman's fractures classified using Levine or Francis systems, and other miscellaneous fractures. Management depended on fracture type but often involved external immobilization though surgery may be indicated for unstable fractures or those with displacement,
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Anatomy of Cortex of CEREBELLUM with hand made lines.pdf
Anatomy of Cortex of CEREBELLUM with hand made lines.pdf
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours M E Elsebaey.pdf
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Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
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Complex titration with EDTA.
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Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
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Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
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Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Travis Hills of MN is Making Clean Water Accessible to All Through High Flux ...
By harnessing the power of High Flux Vacuum Membrane Distillation, Travis Hills from MN envisions a future where clean and safe drinking water is accessible to all, regardless of geographical location or economic status.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
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11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
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Basics of crystallography, crystal systems, classes and different forms
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Posterior brain arterial circulation
- 1. Posterior arterial circulation of the brain Mohamed Elsayed Elsebaey, MD Consultant Neurosurgery Benha Teaching Hospital The General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes (GOTHI) Arab Republic of Egypt 2022
- 12. Artery Brain stem part Cranial nerves Cerebellar surface Cerebellar fissure Cerebellar peduncle
- 13. Segments: 1. Anterior ponto mesencephalic 2. Lateral ponto mesencephalic 3. Cerebello mesencephalic 4. Cortical
- 14. Segments: 1. Anterior pontine 2. Lateral pontine 3. Floculo peduncular 4. Divisions into restoral and caudal branches
- 15. Segments: 1. Anterior medullary 2. Lateral medullary 3. Tonsillomedullary 4. Telovelotonsilar 5. Cortical
- 16. Segments: 1. P1 from basilar bif. To take of post. Com. A 1. P2 P2A + P2P 2. P3 3. P4 calcarine
- 21. Variations of the vertebral artery
- 24. Variations of the Basilar artery
- 25. Variations of the Superior cerebellar artery
- 26. References 1. Albert L Rhoton. Cerebral arteries, chapter 2, neurosurgery, volume 51 (1), 2002 2. Albert L Rhoton. Cerebellar arteries, chapter 2, neurosurgery, volume 47 (3), 2000 3. M.G Yasargil.book of Microneurosurgery, volume 4, 2002