Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD) occurs when the birth canal is too small to allow the fetus to pass through due to factors like a small pelvis, abnormal pelvic shape, or large fetus. CPD can be caused by conditions like gestational diabetes, post-term pregnancy, or pelvic fractures. While ultrasound may estimate fetal size, it is often inaccurate so a trial of labor is usually recommended even if the fetus appears large. If CPD is diagnosed during active labor, caesarean section is usually required for delivery.

1. CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION
-DR. SUPRIYA MAHIND

2. CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION (CPD)
 Cephalopelvic disproportion exists when the capacity of the
pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate to allow the
birth canal.
 This may be due to a small pelvis , a nongynecoid pelvic
formation , a large fetus , an unfavourable orientation of the
fetus or combination of these factors.
 Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones such as
rickets or a pelvic fractures.

3. CAUSES
 Large fetus can be one cause of CPD. A large fetus can be
caused by gestational diabetes , post term pregnancy , genetic
factors and multiparity.
 The shape of the pelvis can also be a cause of CPD. The pelvis
may be too small , or shape of the pelvis may be malformed .
 Shorter women are more likely to suffer from CPD.

4. DIAGNOSIS
 Diagnosis of CPD may be made when there is failure of
progress , but not all cases of prolonged labour are the result of
CPD.
 Use of ultrasound to measure the size of the fetus in the womb is
controversial , as these methods are often inaccurate and may
lead to unnecessary caeserian section ;
 A trial of labour is often recommended even if size of the fetus is
estimated to be large.

5. TREATMENT -
 In case of a fetus being too large , some obstetricians
recommend induction of labour for earlier delivery .
 Diagnosis of CPD in active labour will usually result in a
caeserian section .

6. THANK YOU