This presentation provides an overview of cement industries. It defines cement as a powdered material that hardens when mixed with water. There are four main types of cement: Portland, pozzolana, calcium aluminate, and special or corrosion resistant cement. The history, manufacturing process, raw materials, reactions, and uses of cement are described. Cement production involves mining limestone and clay, crushing and mixing them, burning the mixture in a kiln to form clinker, and grinding the clinker with gypsum. The main constituents of cement are lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide. Cement is primarily used in construction applications such as buildings, roads, bridges, and more.
Cement is topic;like and give credit for my free work
cement
cement and its types
Manufacturing of cement
uses of cement
wet process
dry process
portland cement
raw materials used in cement
field tests for cement
Cement is topic;like and give credit for my free work
cement
cement and its types
Manufacturing of cement
uses of cement
wet process
dry process
portland cement
raw materials used in cement
field tests for cement
The presentation contains detailed description about the manufacturing process of cement particularly of wet cement. The presentation is based on the internship taken by me at DCM Shriram cement, kota facility.
Powerpoint presentation on CEMENT {PPT}Prateek Soni
Cement is a mixture on calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances.
This presentation is completed by prateek soni and for more detail you can checkout this ppt.
The presentation contains detailed description about the manufacturing process of cement particularly of wet cement. The presentation is based on the internship taken by me at DCM Shriram cement, kota facility.
Powerpoint presentation on CEMENT {PPT}Prateek Soni
Cement is a mixture on calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances.
This presentation is completed by prateek soni and for more detail you can checkout this ppt.
this slide will clear all the topics and problem related to singly reinforced beam by limit state method, things are explained with diagrams , easy to understand .
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CEMENT , TYPES OF CEMENTS , PORTLAND CEMENT
TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT, GENERAL FEATURES OF THE MAIN TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT, ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC), RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT, SPECIAL TYPES OF RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT, MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT, Raw Materials, Crushing & Grinding of Raw Materials,Type of cement processes, Wet Process, Dry process, Burning Process, Grinding, storage, packing, dispatch,CEMENT CHEMISTRY,Chemical Compositions,Bogue’s Equations, Fineness of cement
The attached PowerPoint presentation contains information about the Constituent materials required for manufacturing concrete; How it is being tested; How quality ensured; Codal Provisions etc., It may be useful for the students pursuing B.E. Civil Engineering.
This presentation include all the information that you are looking about cement from its manufacturing to its types and need of it. even the future advancements in this field is elaborated very nicely.
MANUFACTURING AND UNDERSTANDING ABOUT CEMENT ITS COMPOSITION, INTERNAL MECHANICS, VARIOUS METHODS OF MANUFACTURING, USES AND VARIOUS COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN CEMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CHECKOUT MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL
http://www.youtube.com/c/beaCIVILEngineergovindsir_onlineclasses
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
3. What is cement Cement ?
• A powdered materials which initially have plastic
flow when mixed with water or other liquid, but
has the property of setting to a hard solid
structure in several hours with varying degree of
strength and bonding properties”
• Picture of cement
4. Types of cement
• Generally 4 types …….
1. Portland cement: - generally mixture of tri -calcium silicate , di-calcium silicate, and
tri-calcium aluminate.C3S and C3A is more important of them.
2. Pozzuolana cement:- generally made from tofus of volcano. (pozzuola in Itali).
Tofus turned into cement when only it is finely grounded and mixed with lime.
3. Calcium aluminate cement: -some time it is called high alumina cement . when the
mixture of Al2O3 and CaCO3 is melting for industrial production.
4. Special or corrosion resistance cement:- phenolic Sulphur, Silicate cement.
5. History
• In 1824, Portland cement was invented and named by Joseph
Aspdin.
• Portland cement: He named because the cement he made was as
same as ,Portland rock (stone)
• Natural cement (puzzoli ) in Itali: mixture of burnt silicate and
lime , from volcanic stuff ,volcanic tufa.
6. What is Portland cement
• It is the mixture of fine powder at definite
ratio of calcium aluminate and hydraulic
(jalbahi) calcium silicate when come in
contact with water , hardening to make
strong concrete.
7. Types of Portland cement
• Depending upon the rate of setting ,heat evolution and strength characterstics, Portland
cement is of various types;
Type 1. regular Portland cements- generally used to make concrete ,e.g . white cement
,which contain small amount of Fe2O3.
Type 2. modified Portland cements-used where waters heat neutralization is necessary.it
produced for the neutralized reaction of sulfate.
Type 3. high early strength Portland cements-ratio of lime and sand is greater than
regular Portland cement . contain greater tri calcium silicate and quickly hard than regular
Portland cements. Used appropriate for road construction.
Type 4. low heat Portland cements-contain high rate of tetra calcium aluminate ferrite
and di calcium silicate. low heat emit during setting.
Type 5. sulfate resisting Portland cements-resist sulfate reaction. contain tetra calcium
alumina ferrite in high rate and tri calcium aluminate in low rate than regular Portland
cement .
8. Other types of cement
Acid resisting cement- capable of resisting corrosion by acids in the post hardening stage.
It is used in concrete and reinforced concrete structures to be exposed to corrosive action of
mineral and organic acids.
White cement- the color of the ordinary Portland cement is greyish-black due to presence of
iron oxide present. If iron oxide can be avoided by suitable selection of raw materials and
produce white cement.
Colored cement- obtained by mixing white or grey Portland cement with suitable colored
pigments. For getting blue, green, black and red cements, the pigments that are respectively
cobalt blue, chromium oxide, carbon black and iron oxide.
9. Raw materials for the manufacture of portland
cement
Limestone: CaO, Fe2O3
Clay: SiO2, Al2O3
The raw materials include
a) Calcareous materials: eg.limestone (containing 65-80%
CaCO3), calcium carbonate sludge, marl, chalk and
alkali waste.
b) Siliceous or Argillaceous materials: e.g silica, iron oxide
and alumina.
10.
11. Cement manufacturing process
• Two process:
1.Wet process: older and used mostly in INDIA & EUROPE
2. Dry process: invented in America and used there
The choice between two process is usually govern by the following factors
1.Physical condition of available raw materials.
2.Climate surrounding the place of manufacture
3.Cost of fuel.
12. Comparison between dry and weight process
• If limestone and clay are soft, climate is fairly moist, and the fuel is cheap, the wet process is
preferred.
• The dry process is employed, if the limestone and clay are hard.
• Wet process is more common and is almost universally employed for the manufacture of
cement.
• Dry process is slow and cement produced is of low quality.
• In wet process, the fuel consumption is higher, process is comparatively faster, the cement
produced is of superior quality.
13. • Manufacture of Portland cement
Figure: Manufacture of Portland cement
14.
15. Clinker
1.Raw materials are crushed, screemed & stockpiled.
2.Raw materials are mixed with definite proportions to obtain
“raw mix”. They are mixed either dry (dry mixing) or by water
(wet mixing).
3.Prepared raw mix is fed into the rotary kiln.
4.As the materials pass through the kiln their temperature is rised
upto 1300-1600 °C. The process of heating is named as
“burning”. The output is known as “clinker” which is 0.15-5 cm
in diameter. Clinker is cooled & stored.
5.Clinker is ground with gypsum (3-6%) to adjust setting time.
6.Packing & marketting.
16. Reaction at the kiln
• Evaporation zone (100-500)c: To remove crystal water.
• Calcining water (600-900)c: To break Calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide and
carbon dioxide.
• Reaction zone (900-1400)c: C2S, C3S, C3A, C4AF.
17. Reactions:
• CaCO3 = CaO + CO2
• 2CaO+SiO2 = 2CaOSiO2
• 3CaO+SiO2 = 3CaO.SiO2
• 3CaO+Al2O3 = 3CaO.Al2O3
• 4CaO+Fe2O3+Al2O3 = 4CaO.Fe2O3.Al2O3
Generally (2-3%) Gypsum is also added to the clinker before grinding. The function of
gypsum in cement is to slow down the time of setting.
C3A + 6H2O = C3A.6H2O + Heat
18. Function of cement manufacturing
constituents
• Lime( CaO)- is the principal constituents of cement. Excess of lime and lesser than needed both
reduce the strength of cement.
• Silica(SiO2)- imparts strength to cement.
• Alumina(Al2O3)- increase the rate of setting but excess of Alumina weakens the strength of cement.
• Gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O)- retards the rate of setting of cement and actually enhances the initial
setting time of cement.
• Iron oxide(Fe2O3)- gives color, strength and hardness to cement
• SO3- in excess reduces the soundness of cement.
• Alkalies- should be present in small amounts. In excess, they cause the cement to become
efflorescent.
19. Setting of cement
The various compounds that contributes to the heat of hardening are:
C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S
Strength contribution of various compounds in Portland cement is ,
1 day C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S
3 days C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S
28 days C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S
2years C2S>C3S>C4AF>C3A
20. Soundness of cement
Soundness is defined as the volume stability of cement paste.
The cement contain definite amount of free lime is called sound cement.
The cement contain lime greater or lower than definite amount is called
unsound cement.
If free lime in cement is not have required amount, the cement quality is
not well.
21. Uses
Main use is in the fabrication of concrete and mortars
Modern uses
Building (floors, beams, columns, roofing, piles, bricks, mortar, panels, plaster)
Transport (roads, pathways, crossings, bridges, viaducts, tunnels, parking, etc.)
Water (pipes, drains, canals, dams, tanks, pools, etc.)
Civil (piers, docks, retaining walls, silos, warehousing, poles, pylons, fencing)
Agriculture (buildings, processing, housing, irrigation)
USES