.Cement.
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•91 views
This presentation discusses cement industries and the process of cement manufacturing. It begins by defining Portland cement as a powdered material that hardens when mixed with water. There are various types of Portland cement depending on setting rate and strength. The manufacturing process involves mining limestone and clay as raw materials, grinding them, heating the mixture in a kiln to form clinker, and grinding the clinker with gypsum. The reactions that occur in the kiln form the key compounds that provide strength. Cement is an important building material used in construction of structures like roads, buildings and bridges.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Chapter 9 manufacture substances
This document discusses several important industrial products and manufactured substances. It provides details on the production and uses of sulphuric acid, ammonia, alloys, synthetic polymers, glass, ceramics, and composite materials. Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the contact process and is used to make fertilizers and batteries. Ammonia is produced via the Haber process and converted into fertilizers. Alloys are metal mixtures that are stronger than pure metals. Glass and ceramics are hard, brittle materials made from sand and clay, respectively. Composite materials combine substances like metals and polymers to produce materials with improved properties.
Amorphous silica properties characterisation and uses
This document provides an introduction to amorphous silica materials that are used as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. It discusses the diverse origins of amorphous silicas including naturally occurring minerals from volcanic activity and synthetic silica fume produced from metal alloy production. The document summarizes standards and specifications for amorphous silicas from various countries and regions. It also describes the production and processing methods for common amorphous silicas like silica fume, microsilica, metakaolin, and rice husk ash. Key physical properties that influence performance like particle size, surface area, and bulk density are compared for different amorphous silica materials.
General principles and process of isolation 2017
this is based on MHCET, JEE, NEET, CBSE, ICSE, HSC board.
subject- chemistry.
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
akchem.tk
Extraction Of Metals From Ores
The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by defining key terms like rock, mineral, and ore. Rock is a mixture of minerals with no fixed composition, while a mineral occurs naturally and has a fixed chemical composition. An ore is a mineral that a metal can be economically extracted from. The document then provides examples of ancient copper and gold artifacts. It describes an experiment where copper is extracted from copper oxide by heating it with charcoal. Safety precautions for the experiment are outlined. Finally, it prompts the reader to identify the reactants and products in the reaction in order to write the word equation.
Cement
This document discusses different types of cement. It describes ordinary Portland cement as the most widely used type, and also discusses low heat cement, rapid hardening cement, sulphate resistant cement, and white/colored cement. Each type has different compositions and properties that make them suitable for specific construction applications. For example, low heat cement produces less heat during curing to prevent cracking in large concrete structures, while sulphate resistant cement provides protection against sulfate attack in foundations or other applications exposed to sulfate salts.
Bm cement ppt
The document discusses the history and development of Portland cement. It notes that John Smeaton discovered that a mixture of lime, clay and iron slag produced a mortar that hardened under water in 1759. Joseph Aspdin patented "Portland Cement" in 1824, calling it such because the concrete resembled Portland stone. Isaac Johnson further developed modern Portland cement in 1845 by firing chalk and clay at higher temperatures. Key later developments included the use of rotary kilns, addition of gypsum to control setting, and ball mills for grinding. The document then discusses the chemical and physical properties of cement, different cement grades, and testing and storage of cement.
Limestone presentation by ruchika
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of the shells of dead sea creatures that built up over millions of years. It exists in various forms from soft chalk to hard limestone to the hardest marble. Limestone is mined through both open cast and underground mining. It has many chemical and industrial uses such as in cement, glass, paper, building materials, road construction, and more. Key processes in working with limestone include calcination to produce quicklime, hydration to produce hydrated lime, and reaction with carbon dioxide to produce precipitated calcium carbonate.
sources and extraction of materials
The document discusses the extraction of three important metals - iron, aluminum, and copper. It describes how these metals are commonly found as ores and the multi-step processes required to extract the pure metals. Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, using a blast furnace. Aluminum is extracted via electrolysis of aluminum oxide in molten cryolite. Copper is extracted through concentration, roasting, smelting and refining processes including bessemerization to produce blister copper from chalcopyrite ore.
Recommended
Chapter 9 manufacture substances
This document discusses several important industrial products and manufactured substances. It provides details on the production and uses of sulphuric acid, ammonia, alloys, synthetic polymers, glass, ceramics, and composite materials. Sulphuric acid is manufactured through the contact process and is used to make fertilizers and batteries. Ammonia is produced via the Haber process and converted into fertilizers. Alloys are metal mixtures that are stronger than pure metals. Glass and ceramics are hard, brittle materials made from sand and clay, respectively. Composite materials combine substances like metals and polymers to produce materials with improved properties.
Amorphous silica properties characterisation and uses
This document provides an introduction to amorphous silica materials that are used as supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. It discusses the diverse origins of amorphous silicas including naturally occurring minerals from volcanic activity and synthetic silica fume produced from metal alloy production. The document summarizes standards and specifications for amorphous silicas from various countries and regions. It also describes the production and processing methods for common amorphous silicas like silica fume, microsilica, metakaolin, and rice husk ash. Key physical properties that influence performance like particle size, surface area, and bulk density are compared for different amorphous silica materials.
General principles and process of isolation 2017
this is based on MHCET, JEE, NEET, CBSE, ICSE, HSC board.
subject- chemistry.
it is based on CBSE, ICSE, HSC ,JEE, NEET, AIPMT, MTCET.
class 12 chemistry.
for buy ppt pay by paytm acount- 8879919898. price-Rs99 only/-
for more detail go my site
www.akchem.blogspot.com
akchem.tk
Extraction Of Metals From Ores
The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by defining key terms like rock, mineral, and ore. Rock is a mixture of minerals with no fixed composition, while a mineral occurs naturally and has a fixed chemical composition. An ore is a mineral that a metal can be economically extracted from. The document then provides examples of ancient copper and gold artifacts. It describes an experiment where copper is extracted from copper oxide by heating it with charcoal. Safety precautions for the experiment are outlined. Finally, it prompts the reader to identify the reactants and products in the reaction in order to write the word equation.
Cement
This document discusses different types of cement. It describes ordinary Portland cement as the most widely used type, and also discusses low heat cement, rapid hardening cement, sulphate resistant cement, and white/colored cement. Each type has different compositions and properties that make them suitable for specific construction applications. For example, low heat cement produces less heat during curing to prevent cracking in large concrete structures, while sulphate resistant cement provides protection against sulfate attack in foundations or other applications exposed to sulfate salts.
Bm cement ppt
The document discusses the history and development of Portland cement. It notes that John Smeaton discovered that a mixture of lime, clay and iron slag produced a mortar that hardened under water in 1759. Joseph Aspdin patented "Portland Cement" in 1824, calling it such because the concrete resembled Portland stone. Isaac Johnson further developed modern Portland cement in 1845 by firing chalk and clay at higher temperatures. Key later developments included the use of rotary kilns, addition of gypsum to control setting, and ball mills for grinding. The document then discusses the chemical and physical properties of cement, different cement grades, and testing and storage of cement.
Limestone presentation by ruchika
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed of the shells of dead sea creatures that built up over millions of years. It exists in various forms from soft chalk to hard limestone to the hardest marble. Limestone is mined through both open cast and underground mining. It has many chemical and industrial uses such as in cement, glass, paper, building materials, road construction, and more. Key processes in working with limestone include calcination to produce quicklime, hydration to produce hydrated lime, and reaction with carbon dioxide to produce precipitated calcium carbonate.
sources and extraction of materials
The document discusses the extraction of three important metals - iron, aluminum, and copper. It describes how these metals are commonly found as ores and the multi-step processes required to extract the pure metals. Iron is extracted from its ore, hematite, using a blast furnace. Aluminum is extracted via electrolysis of aluminum oxide in molten cryolite. Copper is extracted through concentration, roasting, smelting and refining processes including bessemerization to produce blister copper from chalcopyrite ore.
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements from their ores. It describes how ores are concentrated to remove gangue, then converted to oxides which are reduced to extract the pure metals. Specific processes are outlined for extracting important metals like iron, aluminium, and copper using techniques like calcination, roasting, electrolytic refining, and zone refining. Blast furnaces and Hall-Heroult cells are also summarized.
Extraction Of Iron
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
manufactured substance in industry
The document discusses several manufactured substances used in industry. It focuses on alloys, synthetic polymers, glass, and composite materials. For each category, it provides examples of specific materials, their compositions, properties, and common uses. Alloys discussed include bronze, brass, steel, stainless steel, and pewter. Synthetic polymers mentioned are polythene, polypropene, polyvinyl chloride, perspex, terylene, and nylon. The document also examines different types of glass and their characteristics.
Cement
This document discusses cement, including its manufacture and composition. It notes that cement is made by heating limestone and clay at high temperatures which forms calcium silicates and other compounds. The raw materials are finely ground and mixed with water to form a slurry, then heated in a kiln at 1400-1500°C. This process forms cement clinker which is then cooled, ground into a powder, and mixed with gypsum. When cement is mixed with water, it undergoes hydration and hardening reactions that cause it to set and strengthen over time. The main uses of cement are in construction applications like buildings, bridges, and concrete.
Hard crome
Repair worn components back to their original factory specifications with best hard chroming process from Australian Surface Technologies.
General principles and process of isolation of elements (STD 12 SCIENCE) lec...
CONCENTRATION OF ORES
EXTRACTION OF CRUDE METAL FROM ORE
ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES OF ISOLATION
HYDRAULIC WASHING
FORTH FLOATATION METHOD
MAGNETIC SEPERATION
LEACHING
CALCINATION
ROASTING
Metal extraction slides
- Iron is extracted from its ore, haematite, in a blast furnace using coke, limestone, and hot air. The limestone removes impurities and produces slag.
- Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen and water to form iron(III) oxide. Rusting can be prevented by barriers like paint, grease, or sacrificial protection using more reactive metals like zinc.
- Recycling metals saves limited metal resources and reduces costs and pollution compared to extracting virgin metals. However, recycling has costs and challenges like obtaining scrap metals.
Occurance extraction of metal
1. The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by explaining that metals occur naturally in either a native/free state or combined state as compounds like oxides, sulfides, etc.
2. It then lists some important metal ores and their corresponding metals, such as hematite (iron), cassiterite (tin), galena (lead), etc. It also provides details on the mineral wealth of metals like iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and titanium in India.
3. The document outlines the general steps involved in metal extraction: crushing/grinding ores, concentrating the ore, calcining/roasting it, reducing metal oxides to the free metal, and finally purifying
Cobalt and its alloys
Cobalt and its alloys were presented by students from the Institute of Advanced Materials at BZU Multan. Cobalt was discovered in 1739 and is a lustrous blue metal. It has various properties including hardness, magnetism, and reactivity. Cobalt is found in minerals and extracted as a byproduct of nickel refining. It is used to make alloys for applications such as jet engines, tools, and medical tracers. Cobalt alloys include wear resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance varieties.
Ores and minerals
The document discusses the extraction of various metals from their ores. It describes how very reactive metals like sodium and aluminum require electrolysis to extract them from molten ores due to their high reactivity. Less reactive metals like iron can be extracted by heating their ores with carbon to reduce the metal oxides. Specific examples discussed include the extraction of aluminum from bauxite using electrolysis, tin from cassiterite by heating with carbon, and iron from iron oxide in a blast furnace. The extraction of lead through electrolysis of molten lead bromide is also summarized.
Engineering materials
Engineering Materials:
Portland Cement: Definition, manufacturing by Rotary Kiln, role of gypsum, chemistry of
setting and hardening of cement.
Glass: Definition, manufacturing by tank furnace, significance of annealing, types and
properties of soft glass, hard glass, borosilicate glass.
Lubricants: Classification, mechanism, properties; viscosity and viscosity index, flash and
fire point, cloud and pour point.
Zirconium (Haley Post)
Zirconium is a transition metal that was discovered in 1789 within the mineral zircon. It has several stable and one radioactive isotope. While difficult to isolate pure zirconium due to its chemical similarity to hafnium, the Kroll process is commonly used. Zirconium has many applications including use in nuclear reactors due to its resistance to neutron absorption, as an alloy for steel, and in gemstones like cubic zirconia.
Power point presentation
This document discusses the composition and hydration process of ordinary Portland cement. It begins by outlining the major components of cement and the physical and chemical processes involved in hydration. The key points are:
- Cement is produced by burning limestone, clay, and other materials at high temperatures, forming clinker which is then ground with gypsum.
- The main compounds in cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite.
- Hydration involves physical and chemical changes as the cement sets and hardens over time. Hydration produces heat and results in a solid material.
- Gy
Cements
Portland cement is produced by heating limestone and clay in a kiln to form clinker, which is then ground with gypsum. It gets its strength from chemical reactions when mixed with water called hydration. The main compounds in cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. When water is added, these compounds hydrate and harden to bind the cement over time. The grade of cement corresponds to its minimum compressive strength after specific time periods of curing.
6982.engineering materials modified
Engineering materials include cementing materials, lime, cement, gypsum plasters, ceramics, glass, clay products, refractories, abrasives, composites, adhesives, lubricants, rocket fuels, and insulators. Their properties and applications depend on their chemical, electrical, mechanical, optical, physical, thermal, and technological characteristics. Common engineering materials are discussed, including their composition, manufacturing processes, properties, and uses.
Ceramic fibers
This document discusses ceramic fibers, including their production, classification, properties, and uses. Ceramic fibers are man-made heat resistant fibers produced through direct melt spinning or indirect chemical vapor deposition processes. They are classified based on their chemical composition as oxide fibers like silica and alumina or non-oxide fibers like silicon carbide. Ceramic fibers have properties of hardness, low density, high compressive strength, and excellent thermal resistance at high temperatures. Their main uses are as high temperature insulation and reinforcement in metal and ceramic matrix composites.
Extract Of Metals
The document discusses the extraction of iron and aluminum. Iron is extracted through carbon reduction in a blast furnace, while aluminum must be extracted through electrolysis due to its high position on the reactivity series. Both processes are described in detail, including inputs, reactions, and outputs. Recycling of metals is also discussed for its environmental and economic benefits.
Non ferrous mg
The document discusses magnesium and its alloys. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust and has a shiny, silver-gray appearance. It can be extracted via processes like calcination and the Dow process. Magnesium has good strength-to-weight ratio and thermal conductivity. Common alloys include AZ and ZK series with aluminum, zinc, and zirconium to improve properties like strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Magnesium alloys are used in applications such as automotive and electronics parts, sports equipment, and medical implants due to their light weight and mechanical properties.
Chromium
Chromium is commonly used to make alloys and protect other materials from corrosion. It is extracted commercially from the mineral chromite using the thermite process, which involves a reduction-oxidation reaction with aluminum. This process requires substantial heat energy. Some common alloys containing chromium include ferrochrome, used to make stainless steel, and chromel and stellite, known for their heat and corrosion resistance. While chromium recycling is not large-scale currently due to abundant reserves, it may become more important in the future as ores are depleted.
Cobalt
- Cobalt compounds have been used to color glass and ceramics for millennia, dating back to ancient Egypt and China.
- Swedish chemist Georg Brandt discovered cobalt as a new element in 1735 and showed that cobalt compounds were responsible for the blue color in glass.
- Cobalt occurs naturally in combination with other elements like sulfur and arsenic in minerals, but is most often obtained as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining.
Involving the Community_Sea Level Rise_Oct2016
This document discusses involving local communities in planning for sea level rise. It notes that local governments are responsible for flood planning and land use planning, and will need to implement most adaptation measures. When planning, local governments will consider options like planned retreat, accommodation, and defense. They will develop local adaptation plans tailored to each area. The plans will identify triggers for action, responsibilities, and how and when decisions will be made. The document outlines Lake Macquarie Council's process for working with staff, councillors, and the community to understand concerns, identify suitable options through assessment criteria, and develop an adaptive plan that maintains community support over time.
Informatica
Este documento describe las redes sociales educativas y cómo pueden beneficiar a los estudiantes. Su objetivo general es informar a los estudiantes sobre el concepto de redes sociales y sus beneficios, mientras que sus objetivos específicos son aplicar información obtenida en línea, ayudar a estudiantes que no pueden usar redes sociales correctamente, y comprender la importancia de usar estas redes para estudiantes.
More Related Content
What's hot
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
The document discusses various principles and processes involved in the isolation of elements from their ores. It describes how ores are concentrated to remove gangue, then converted to oxides which are reduced to extract the pure metals. Specific processes are outlined for extracting important metals like iron, aluminium, and copper using techniques like calcination, roasting, electrolytic refining, and zone refining. Blast furnaces and Hall-Heroult cells are also summarized.
Extraction Of Iron
The Step by Step Process of Extracting Iron from its Ore using the Blast Furnace with details of Chemical Reactions. Question Answers based on the process of extraction of metals.
manufactured substance in industry
The document discusses several manufactured substances used in industry. It focuses on alloys, synthetic polymers, glass, and composite materials. For each category, it provides examples of specific materials, their compositions, properties, and common uses. Alloys discussed include bronze, brass, steel, stainless steel, and pewter. Synthetic polymers mentioned are polythene, polypropene, polyvinyl chloride, perspex, terylene, and nylon. The document also examines different types of glass and their characteristics.
Cement
This document discusses cement, including its manufacture and composition. It notes that cement is made by heating limestone and clay at high temperatures which forms calcium silicates and other compounds. The raw materials are finely ground and mixed with water to form a slurry, then heated in a kiln at 1400-1500°C. This process forms cement clinker which is then cooled, ground into a powder, and mixed with gypsum. When cement is mixed with water, it undergoes hydration and hardening reactions that cause it to set and strengthen over time. The main uses of cement are in construction applications like buildings, bridges, and concrete.
Hard crome
Repair worn components back to their original factory specifications with best hard chroming process from Australian Surface Technologies.
General principles and process of isolation of elements (STD 12 SCIENCE) lec...
CONCENTRATION OF ORES
EXTRACTION OF CRUDE METAL FROM ORE
ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES OF ISOLATION
HYDRAULIC WASHING
FORTH FLOATATION METHOD
MAGNETIC SEPERATION
LEACHING
CALCINATION
ROASTING
Metal extraction slides
- Iron is extracted from its ore, haematite, in a blast furnace using coke, limestone, and hot air. The limestone removes impurities and produces slag.
- Iron rusts in the presence of oxygen and water to form iron(III) oxide. Rusting can be prevented by barriers like paint, grease, or sacrificial protection using more reactive metals like zinc.
- Recycling metals saves limited metal resources and reduces costs and pollution compared to extracting virgin metals. However, recycling has costs and challenges like obtaining scrap metals.
Occurance extraction of metal
1. The document discusses the extraction of metals from ores. It begins by explaining that metals occur naturally in either a native/free state or combined state as compounds like oxides, sulfides, etc.
2. It then lists some important metal ores and their corresponding metals, such as hematite (iron), cassiterite (tin), galena (lead), etc. It also provides details on the mineral wealth of metals like iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, and titanium in India.
3. The document outlines the general steps involved in metal extraction: crushing/grinding ores, concentrating the ore, calcining/roasting it, reducing metal oxides to the free metal, and finally purifying
Cobalt and its alloys
Cobalt and its alloys were presented by students from the Institute of Advanced Materials at BZU Multan. Cobalt was discovered in 1739 and is a lustrous blue metal. It has various properties including hardness, magnetism, and reactivity. Cobalt is found in minerals and extracted as a byproduct of nickel refining. It is used to make alloys for applications such as jet engines, tools, and medical tracers. Cobalt alloys include wear resistance, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance varieties.
Ores and minerals
The document discusses the extraction of various metals from their ores. It describes how very reactive metals like sodium and aluminum require electrolysis to extract them from molten ores due to their high reactivity. Less reactive metals like iron can be extracted by heating their ores with carbon to reduce the metal oxides. Specific examples discussed include the extraction of aluminum from bauxite using electrolysis, tin from cassiterite by heating with carbon, and iron from iron oxide in a blast furnace. The extraction of lead through electrolysis of molten lead bromide is also summarized.
Engineering materials
Engineering Materials:
Portland Cement: Definition, manufacturing by Rotary Kiln, role of gypsum, chemistry of
setting and hardening of cement.
Glass: Definition, manufacturing by tank furnace, significance of annealing, types and
properties of soft glass, hard glass, borosilicate glass.
Lubricants: Classification, mechanism, properties; viscosity and viscosity index, flash and
fire point, cloud and pour point.
Zirconium (Haley Post)
Zirconium is a transition metal that was discovered in 1789 within the mineral zircon. It has several stable and one radioactive isotope. While difficult to isolate pure zirconium due to its chemical similarity to hafnium, the Kroll process is commonly used. Zirconium has many applications including use in nuclear reactors due to its resistance to neutron absorption, as an alloy for steel, and in gemstones like cubic zirconia.
Power point presentation
This document discusses the composition and hydration process of ordinary Portland cement. It begins by outlining the major components of cement and the physical and chemical processes involved in hydration. The key points are:
- Cement is produced by burning limestone, clay, and other materials at high temperatures, forming clinker which is then ground with gypsum.
- The main compounds in cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite.
- Hydration involves physical and chemical changes as the cement sets and hardens over time. Hydration produces heat and results in a solid material.
- Gy
Cements
Portland cement is produced by heating limestone and clay in a kiln to form clinker, which is then ground with gypsum. It gets its strength from chemical reactions when mixed with water called hydration. The main compounds in cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite. When water is added, these compounds hydrate and harden to bind the cement over time. The grade of cement corresponds to its minimum compressive strength after specific time periods of curing.
6982.engineering materials modified
Engineering materials include cementing materials, lime, cement, gypsum plasters, ceramics, glass, clay products, refractories, abrasives, composites, adhesives, lubricants, rocket fuels, and insulators. Their properties and applications depend on their chemical, electrical, mechanical, optical, physical, thermal, and technological characteristics. Common engineering materials are discussed, including their composition, manufacturing processes, properties, and uses.
Ceramic fibers
This document discusses ceramic fibers, including their production, classification, properties, and uses. Ceramic fibers are man-made heat resistant fibers produced through direct melt spinning or indirect chemical vapor deposition processes. They are classified based on their chemical composition as oxide fibers like silica and alumina or non-oxide fibers like silicon carbide. Ceramic fibers have properties of hardness, low density, high compressive strength, and excellent thermal resistance at high temperatures. Their main uses are as high temperature insulation and reinforcement in metal and ceramic matrix composites.
Extract Of Metals
The document discusses the extraction of iron and aluminum. Iron is extracted through carbon reduction in a blast furnace, while aluminum must be extracted through electrolysis due to its high position on the reactivity series. Both processes are described in detail, including inputs, reactions, and outputs. Recycling of metals is also discussed for its environmental and economic benefits.
Non ferrous mg
The document discusses magnesium and its alloys. Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the earth's crust and has a shiny, silver-gray appearance. It can be extracted via processes like calcination and the Dow process. Magnesium has good strength-to-weight ratio and thermal conductivity. Common alloys include AZ and ZK series with aluminum, zinc, and zirconium to improve properties like strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Magnesium alloys are used in applications such as automotive and electronics parts, sports equipment, and medical implants due to their light weight and mechanical properties.
Chromium
Chromium is commonly used to make alloys and protect other materials from corrosion. It is extracted commercially from the mineral chromite using the thermite process, which involves a reduction-oxidation reaction with aluminum. This process requires substantial heat energy. Some common alloys containing chromium include ferrochrome, used to make stainless steel, and chromel and stellite, known for their heat and corrosion resistance. While chromium recycling is not large-scale currently due to abundant reserves, it may become more important in the future as ores are depleted.
Cobalt
- Cobalt compounds have been used to color glass and ceramics for millennia, dating back to ancient Egypt and China.
- Swedish chemist Georg Brandt discovered cobalt as a new element in 1735 and showed that cobalt compounds were responsible for the blue color in glass.
- Cobalt occurs naturally in combination with other elements like sulfur and arsenic in minerals, but is most often obtained as a byproduct of copper and nickel mining.
What's hot (20)
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
General principles and processes of isolation of elements
General principles and process of isolation of elements (STD 12 SCIENCE) lec...
General principles and process of isolation of elements (STD 12 SCIENCE) lec...
Viewers also liked
Involving the Community_Sea Level Rise_Oct2016
This document discusses involving local communities in planning for sea level rise. It notes that local governments are responsible for flood planning and land use planning, and will need to implement most adaptation measures. When planning, local governments will consider options like planned retreat, accommodation, and defense. They will develop local adaptation plans tailored to each area. The plans will identify triggers for action, responsibilities, and how and when decisions will be made. The document outlines Lake Macquarie Council's process for working with staff, councillors, and the community to understand concerns, identify suitable options through assessment criteria, and develop an adaptive plan that maintains community support over time.
Informatica
Este documento describe las redes sociales educativas y cómo pueden beneficiar a los estudiantes. Su objetivo general es informar a los estudiantes sobre el concepto de redes sociales y sus beneficios, mientras que sus objetivos específicos son aplicar información obtenida en línea, ayudar a estudiantes que no pueden usar redes sociales correctamente, y comprender la importancia de usar estas redes para estudiantes.
Tarea de historiia del derecho n4
La tarea de historia del derecho asigna a Alejandra Villarreal y su clase de 1C la realización de mapas conceptuales sobre varios temas de historia legal antigua, incluyendo el derecho de Babilonia, China, los hebreos, el mundo musulmán, la India, Egipto, Grecia y Roma, para el 28 de noviembre de 2016.
Tik bab 6.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah:
1. Hardware yang dibutuhkan untuk mengakses internet meliputi komputer, modem, dan saluran telepon. Perangkat keras tambahan seperti sound card, speaker, mikrofon, dan kamera juga dapat digunakan.
Exposicion powert point
Este documento explica cómo agregar encabezados y pies de página en PowerPoint. Detalla los pasos para agregar un pie de página a una diapositiva individual o a todas las diapositivas de la presentación, así como para agregar un encabezado, pie de página o ambos a las páginas de notas o documentos. Concluye que un encabezado y pie de página permiten repetir información en las páginas de un documento y que el proceso es el mismo para ambos elementos.
@ Urea fertilizer
Urea is a nitrogen-rich fertilizer produced from ammonia and carbon dioxide. It contains 46% nitrogen and exists in both prilled and granular forms. Urea is synthesized through a two-stage reaction involving the formation of ammonium carbamate and its subsequent dehydration. The urea synthesis process involves ammonia pumping, carbon dioxide compression, urea production in a tower, distillation, evaporation, and prilling. Urea is widely used as a fertilizer to promote plant growth and is advantageous due to its high nitrogen content and low production costs.
Viewers also liked (7)
Similar to .Cement.
Cement Industries
This presentation provides an overview of cement industries. It defines cement as a powdered material that hardens when mixed with water. There are four main types of cement: Portland, pozzolana, calcium aluminate, and special or corrosion resistant cement. The history, manufacturing process, raw materials, reactions, and uses of cement are described. Cement production involves mining limestone and clay, crushing and mixing them, burning the mixture in a kiln to form clinker, and grinding the clinker with gypsum. The main constituents of cement are lime, silica, alumina, and iron oxide. Cement is primarily used in construction applications such as buildings, roads, bridges, and more.
Cement
Cement is produced by burning limestone and clay at high temperatures. It was first produced commercially in England in 1842. The main ingredients in cement are lime, silica, alumina and iron oxide. When water is added, cement undergoes hydration, hardening over time. There are different types of cement used for various purposes, such as pozzolana cement, which has stronger water resistance, and blast furnace slag cement, which is more durable but gains strength slowly. Cement is widely used in construction for buildings, bridges, roads and more.
5. important engineering material
Infomatica, as it stands today, is a manifestation of our values, toil, and dedication towards imparting knowledge to the pupils of the society. Visit us: http://www.infomaticaacademy.com/
Cement
CEMENT , TYPES OF CEMENTS , PORTLAND CEMENT
TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT, GENERAL FEATURES OF THE MAIN TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT, ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT (OPC), RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT, SPECIAL TYPES OF RAPID HARDENING PORTLAND CEMENT, MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT, Raw Materials, Crushing & Grinding of Raw Materials,Type of cement processes, Wet Process, Dry process, Burning Process, Grinding, storage, packing, dispatch,CEMENT CHEMISTRY,Chemical Compositions,Bogue’s Equations, Fineness of cement
Cement class 12 notes of cement chapter.pdf
Cement is produced through a process involving crushing and grinding raw materials such as limestone and clay, heating the materials in a kiln to form clinker, cooling and grinding the clinker, and adding gypsum. The main raw materials used are limestone, clay, iron oxide, and aluminum oxide. During the heating process in a rotary kiln, the raw materials undergo chemical reactions to form calcium silicates and calcium aluminates which fuse together to form clinker. Gypsum is added to the ground clinker to regulate the setting time of cement.
Cement Manufacture, Chemical Composition, Heat of Hydration.pptx
The document discusses the manufacture and properties of Portland cement. It begins by defining cement as a binder that sets and hardens independently. It then discusses the history and development of cement, including important early contributors. The bulk of the document describes the manufacturing process of Portland cement, including quarrying materials, grinding, heating in a kiln to form clinker, and final grinding. It discusses the chemical composition and reactions during hydration that cause cement to harden. Finally, it covers the heat released during hydration and properties of the hydrated cement compounds.
lecture 3 Manufacture of Portland cement.ppt
Portland cement is the most widely used construction material and is made through a process of grinding and burning raw materials like limestone and clay in a kiln. There are different types of Portland cement used for various purposes depending on their chemical composition and properties. The major compounds in cement are tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite which influence the rate of hardening, strength development and other characteristics.
Concrete Technology Lecture Nots
This document provides information on the key ingredients and manufacturing process of cement. It discusses the main components of cement including lime, silica, alumina, iron oxide and gypsum. It explains that limestone, shells, chalk, shale, clay, slate, blast furnace slag, silica sand and iron ore are common materials used to manufacture cement. The manufacturing process involves crushing, grinding and burning these materials in a kiln at high temperatures to form clinker, which is then cooled, ground and gypsum is added to produce cement. The document also covers the hydration process of cement and how it provides strength to concrete.
Cement .pptx
The document discusses different types of cement. It defines cement and describes its composition and manufacturing process. The main types discussed are ordinary Portland cement (OPC), Portland pozzolana cement (PPC), Portland blast furnace slag cement (PBSF), rapid hardening cement, low heat cement, sulfate resisting cement, and white cement. It provides details on the characteristics and common applications of each cement type.
Cement
Cement is a binder made from limestone and clay that sets and hardens after mixing with water. It is used in construction to bind materials like bricks, stones, and tiles. There are two main types of cement: non-hydraulic cement which hardens through a carbonation reaction with carbon dioxide in air, and hydraulic cement like Portland cement which hardens through a hydration reaction with water. Hydraulic cements include natural cement, pozzolana cement, slag cement, high alumina cement, and Portland cement which is the most common type used today. Portland cement is made by heating a mixture of limestone and clay to nearly 1400°C.
Cement
My channel discuss only education tricks & skill development program
https://bevaralokeshwar.blogspot.in/
Cement
Portland cement is manufactured by heating limestone and clay at high temperatures. It is composed mainly of calcium silicates and is used widely in construction materials like concrete and mortar. Cement production involves mixing raw materials, burning them in a kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker, and adding gypsum. When cement powder is mixed with water, it undergoes hydration and hardens into a strong building material. Reinforced cement concrete combines cement with aggregates and steel reinforcement to make structures able to resist both compressive and tensile stresses.
Experimental Study on Gypsum as Binding Material and Its Properties
Cement is widely noted to be most expensive binding material. The entire construction industry is in search of suitable and effective waste product that would considerably minimize the use of cements and ultimately reduces the construction cost. Gypsum which has the pozzolonic properties is a way forward. The possibility of using Gypsum as a construction material need to be investigated. Two types of Gypsum namely Natural Gypsum (NG) and Flue-Gas Gypsum (FGG) are commonly used in construction industry. A comparative study on effects of concrete properties when Gypsum is partially mixed with Lime and Fly ash is discussed. The compressive strength of concrete will be mainly studied. The study suggests that Gypsum has the potential to be used as replacement for cement, having good compressive strength performance. In Gypsum concrete different types of binding materials are rationally combined to produce a cementations composite that drives benefits other than cement concrete mixture. In this project, Gypsum, Lime and Fly ash will be used in proportions as concrete mixture and then fibers will be added together to form a Gypsum concrete. The present investigation is aimed to study the strength characteristics by casting and testing the specimens for 28 days. The compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of sample to be investigated individually by varying the percentage of Gypsum (80%, 70%, 60%), Lime (10%, 20%, 30%) and Fly ash (10%, 20%).
Cement
MANUFACTURING AND UNDERSTANDING ABOUT CEMENT ITS COMPOSITION, INTERNAL MECHANICS, VARIOUS METHODS OF MANUFACTURING, USES AND VARIOUS COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN CEMENT AND ITS IMPORTANCE
CHECKOUT MY YOUTUBE CHANNEL
http://www.youtube.com/c/beaCIVILEngineergovindsir_onlineclasses
Unit I - Constituent Materials
This document discusses constituent materials used in concrete, including cement, aggregates, and water. It describes different types of cement and their properties, as well as tests performed on cement. It also covers the classification, properties, and testing of aggregates according to BIS standards. Water quality requirements for use in concrete are also mentioned.
cementing by bilyaminu jibrin near east university
This document provides an overview of Portland cements and other cement types. It discusses the history and development of Portland cement, the manufacturing process, and the different types of Portland cement. Other cement types described include pozzolans, high alumina cements, silicate cements, and sulfur cements. These other cements are used in applications where Portland cement is unsuitable due to corrosion issues. The document also outlines the key compounds in cement and their functions in the hardening process.
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES.docx
This document discusses the manufacturing process of cement and compares Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC). It explains that cement is manufactured by mixing calcareous and argillaceous materials and going through processes of grinding, burning, and cooling. It then details the wet and dry manufacturing methods. The summary compares OPC and PPC, noting that PPC contains pozzolanic materials, has higher long-term strength but lower initial strength, generates less heat, is more durable and eco-friendly, and has a longer setting time than OPC.
cem-02-cement.ppt
Portland cement was invented in 1824 and is made by heating limestone and clay in a kiln. It is the most common type of cement used worldwide in concrete construction. The manufacturing process involves quarrying raw materials, crushing, blending, burning in a kiln at high temperatures, cooling and grinding to a fine powder. The chemical reactions that occur create clinker which is then ground and mixed with gypsum. There are various types of Portland cement used for different applications depending on strength, setting time, or sulfate resistance requirements.
Cement- presentation
This document provides information about cement, including its history, definition, manufacture, and composition. It discusses the four main processes used to manufacture cement: wet, semi-wet, semi-dry, and dry. The wet and dry processes are described in more detail. It also summarizes the classification of cements as hydraulic or non-hydraulic, and provides examples of their applications. Finally, it outlines the key functions of cement and its main constituent materials like lime, silica, alumina, and others.
Ordinary portland cement
Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used type of cement globally, with over 1.5 billion tons produced annually. It is manufactured through a wet or dry process involving crushing and mixing limestone and clay, heating the mixture in a rotary kiln to form clinker, grinding the clinker with gypsum. When mixed with water, it undergoes hydration reactions where compounds in the cement chemically react and harden over time, giving cement its strength. Ordinary Portland cement is used in general construction like buildings and bridges due to its strength and resistance to cracking, though it has less chemical resistance than other cements.
Similar to .Cement. (20)
Cement Manufacture, Chemical Composition, Heat of Hydration.pptx
Cement Manufacture, Chemical Composition, Heat of Hydration.pptx
Experimental Study on Gypsum as Binding Material and Its Properties
Experimental Study on Gypsum as Binding Material and Its Properties
cementing by bilyaminu jibrin near east university
cementing by bilyaminu jibrin near east university
More from habib chowdhury
What is ellingham diagram.pptxhabib
This presentation discusses the usefulness of Ellingham diagrams in metallurgy. An Ellingham diagram graphs the temperature dependence of metal oxide stability and is used to evaluate the ease of reducing metal oxides. It was first constructed by Harold Ellingham in 1944 and can predict equilibrium reactions between metals, oxygen, and other non-metals. Ellingham diagrams are useful for determining free energy changes and partial pressures of oxygen during metal oxide formation reactions. They allow metallurgists to select suitable reducing agents, guide purification processes, and understand the comparative stability of metal oxides.
Soap
This document introduces Habibur Rahman and their department at BSMRSTU. It then discusses surface active substances, including their definition and classifications like cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, and non-ionic. Soap is explained as the sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acids. Soaps are classified as hard, soft, or insoluble. Hard soap is moderately soluble in water, soft soap dissolves in water, and insoluble soap is used as a lubricant. The cleaning action of soap is that the hydrophobic tail dissolves in grease while the hydrophilic head dissolves in water. Finally, the document outlines the raw materials and process for manufacturing soap through either hot or
Fat 48-akmol
This document provides an overview of fats, including what they are, where they are found, types of fats, and their importance. It discusses that fats are triglycerides and an essential source of energy. Major sources of fats include vegetable and fruit, grains, milk and meat. Fats are found easily in foods like butter but also hidden in baked goods and fried foods. Types of fats include polyunsaturated, monounsaturated, and saturated fats. The document outlines the structure of fatty acids and various analytical methods to measure fat constants, then concludes by describing the importance of fats for energy, essential fatty acids, taste, and absorbing vitamins.
Bosir
Potash fertilizer is any salt containing potassium in a water-soluble form. Common sources of potash include sylvite, carnallite, and sylvanite minerals. There are two main processes to produce potash fertilizer - fractional crystallization and flotation. Fractional crystallization uses unit operations to produce a highly pure potassium chloride, while flotation uses hydrometallurgical processes to produce a lower purity product at a lower cost. Potash fertilizer has advantages like increased crop yields and profits but also disadvantages as potassium chloride can harm seeds and young plants.
Fischer Trosph Process
The document discusses Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the development of the chemical industry in Bangladesh. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis involves converting syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen) into liquid fuels like diesel and gasoline. Syngas can be produced from natural gas, coal, biomass or other feedstocks through processes like steam reforming. The Fischer-Tropsch process uses a catalyst to convert syngas into liquid hydrocarbons. The development of Bangladesh's chemical industry began in the 1940s with sugar mills and a cement plant. It was later developed during the Pakistani period and after Bangladesh gained independence in 1971.
Surface active Substance
This document provides information about surface active substances and soap. It defines surface active substances as substances that lower the surface tension of water. It classifies surface active agents into four categories: cationic, anionic, zwitterionic, and non-ionic. Soap is defined as the sodium or potassium salt of higher fatty acids like stearic acid or oleic acid. Soaps are classified as hard, soft, or insoluble. The document also describes the cleaning action of soap and provides an overview of the manufacture of soap through both hot and cold processes.
Jit oil
This document discusses oils, including their definition, properties, chemical structure, sources, types, and refining process. Oils are defined as esters of triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature, mostly made by plants, and less saturated with a lower melting point than fats. Sources of oils include fauna, botanical, and oceanic sources. Oils can be classified by their iodine value and as edible or inedible. The oil refining process involves four main stages: degumming, neutralization, bleaching and filtration, and deodorization to produce refined oils for various applications such as cooking, cosmetics, painting, and more.
PESTICIDES
This presentation discusses agrochemicals and pesticides. It defines agrochemicals as chemical products used in agriculture, and pesticides as substances used to eradicate pests. Pesticides are classified according to their mode of action and chemicals. Insecticides are substances used to kill insects, and are classified as systemic or contact based on activity, and inorganic or organic based on chemical nature. The presentation notes the first use of synthetic pesticides in 1940 and their environmental impacts like air, water, and soil pollution.
Habib vai
There are eight main types of corrosion:
1. Uniform corrosion which causes a uniform decrease in thickness across a surface.
2. Pitting corrosion which causes irregular cavities on a surface.
3. Crevice corrosion which occurs in tight spaces like joints or under deposits.
4. Galvanic corrosion which occurs when two dissimilar metals contact each other in an electrolyte. For galvanic corrosion to occur, there must be dissimilar metals in contact, exposed to an electrolyte.
What is thermal analysis
Thermal analysis measures the relationship between temperature and properties like mass, heat, or volume. It has several purposes: determining thermal stability, identifying reaction temperatures, and observing property changes with temperature. Thermal analysis methods include thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and enthalpimetric methods. Thermogravimetry specifically records a sample's mass continuously as the temperature increases linearly, and can be used to define thermal conditions to produce a pure form for gravimetric analysis.
Habibur rahman high polymer
This document defines key terms related to polymers, including that polymers are long chain molecules composed of repeating monomer units, and describes different types of polymers. It explains that addition polymers are formed by combining monomers, while condensation or step-growth polymers are formed by combining two molecules and removing a small molecule, such as water. Common condensation polymers include nylon and polyester. The document also discusses copolymers, terpolymers, branching, molecular weight, and how properties such as chemical resistance and ductility are affected by molecular weight.
Newtonian and non((( HABIB............BSMRSTU)))
Rheology is the science of flow and deformation of matter. There are two main types of fluids - Newtonian and non-Newtonian. A Newtonian fluid has constant viscosity regardless of stress, while a non-Newtonian fluid has changing viscosity depending on stress. Common models used to describe fluid behavior include the Maxwell model, Kelvin-Voigt model, and Bingham plastic model. Viscoelastic fluids exhibit both viscous and elastic properties.
Habib rubber assignment 08052016
This document provides an overview of rubber materials, including:
1. Natural rubber comes from latex extracted from rubber trees, while synthetic rubber is made through polymerization processes.
2. Rubber is classified based on its source and monomers used. The main types discussed are natural rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, and chloroprene.
3. Rubber undergoes processes like mastication to break down polymer chains, compounding to add ingredients, and forming processes like calendaring, coating, extrusion, and molding to produce rubber products.
Tohmina
A crude drug is any naturally occurring, unrefined substance derived from organic or inorganic sources intended for use in diagnosis, cure, treatment or prevention of disease. Crude drugs can be extracted using several methods including maceration, infusion, digestion, decoction, percolation, and supercritical fluid extraction. The extraction methods involve placing the crude drug in a solvent to dissolve soluble components, and may involve applying heat or allowing the mixture to stand over time. Isolating and purifying constituents from crude drugs is difficult and typically involves chromatographic techniques or methods like fractional crystallization, distillation, and sublimation which separate compounds based on properties like solubility, volatility, and ability to form crystals.
More from habib chowdhury (14)
Recently uploaded
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, SerbiaThe Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology towards Sustainable Steelmaking
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
For International shipping and maritime laws all wood must contain the ISPM 15 Stamp. Here is how and why.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Unit-III-ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE DEVICES.ppt
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Recently uploaded (20)
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
ML Based Model for NIDS MSc Updated Presentation.v2.pptx
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
BPV-GUI-01-Guide-for-ASME-Review-Teams-(General)-10-10-2023.pdf
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
Iron and Steel Technology Roadmap - Towards more sustainable steelmaking.pdf
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
ISPM 15 Heat Treated Wood Stamps and why your shipping must have one
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
2008 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Illustrated - Ching Chapter 02 The Building.pdf
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
.Cement.
- 1. Welcome to my presentation MD. HABIBUR RAHMAN ID NO: 20121207042 DEPARTMENT OF ACCE BSMRSTU.
- 2. My presentation topic is “Cement Industries”
- 3. Portland cement A powdered materials which initially have plastic flow when mixed with water or other liquid, but has the property of setting to a hard solid structure in several hours with varying degree of strength and bonding properties. Portland cement is a mixture of following compounds: Dicalcium silicate, tricalcium silicate, tricalcium aluminate, tetracalcium alumino ferrite, MgO, CaO.
- 4. History In 1824, Portland cement was invented and named by Joseph Aspidin . Portland cement: Portland rock (stone) Natural cement: mixture of burnt silicate and lime
- 5. Types of Portland cement Depending upon the rate of setting ,heat evolution and strength characterstics, Portland cement is of various types; Type 1. regular Portland cements. Type 2. modified Portland cements. Type 3. high early strength Portland cements. Type 4. low heat Portland cements. Type 5. sulphate resisting Portland cements.
- 6. Other types of cement Acid resisting cement- capable of resisting corrosion by acids in the post hardening stage. It is used in concrete and reinforced concrete structures to be exposed to corrosive action of mineral and organic acids. White cement- the color of the ordinary Portland cement is greyish-black due to presence of iron oxide present. If iron oxide can be avoided by suitable selection of raw materials and produce white cement. Colored cement- obtained by mixing white or grey Portland cement with suitable colored pigments. For getting blue, green, black and red cements, the pigments that are respectively cobalt blue, chromium oxide, carbon black and iron oxide.
- 7. Raw materials for the manufacture of cement Limestone: CaO, Fe2O3 Clay: SiO2, Al2O3 The raw materials include a) Calcareous materials: e.g limestone (containing 65-80% CaCO3), calcium carbonate sludge, marl, chalk and alkali waste. b) Siliceous or Argillaceous materials: e.g silica, iron oxide and alumina.
- 8. Cement manufacturing process Two process: 1.Wet process: older and used mostly in INDIA & EUROPE 2. Dry process: invented in America and used there The choice between two process is usually govern by the following factors 1.Physical condition of available raw materials. 2.Climate surrounding the plate of manufacture 3.Cost of fuel.
- 9. If limestone and clay are soft, climate is fairly moist, and the fuel is cheap, the wet process is preferred. The dry process is employed, if the limestone and clay are hard. Wet process is more common and is almost universally employed for the manufacture of cement. Dry process is slow and cement produced is of low quality. In wet process, the fuel consumption is higher, process is comparatively faster, the cement produced is of superior quality.
- 10. Figure: Manufacture of Portland cement
- 11. Reaction at the kiln Evaporation zone (100-500C): To remove crystal water. Calcining water (600-900C): To break Calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. Reaction zone (900-1400C): C2S, C3S, C3A, C4AF.
- 12. Reactions: CaCO3 = CaO + CO2 2CaO+SiO2 = 2CaOSiO2 3CaO+SiO2 = 3CaO.SiO2 3CaO+Al2O3 = 3CaO.Al2O3 4CaO+Fe2O3+Al2O3 = 4CaO.Fe2O3.Al2O3 Generally (2-3%) Gypsum is also added to the clinker before grinding. The function of gypsum in cement is to slow down the time of setting. C3A + 6H2O = C3A.6H2O + Heat
- 13. Function of cement manufacturing constituents Lime(CaO)- is the principal constituents of cement. Excess of lime and lesser than needed both reduce the strength of cement. Silica(SiO2)- imparts strength to cement. Alumina(Al2O3)- increase the rate of setting but excess of Alumina weakens the strength of cement. Gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O)- retards the rate of setting of cement and actually enhances the initial setting time of cement. Iron oxide(Fe2O3)- gives colour, strength and hardness to cement SO3- in excess reduces the soundness of cement. Alkalies- should be present in small amounts. In excess, they cause the cement to become efflorescent.
- 14. Setting of cement The various compounds that contributes to the heat of hardening are: C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S Strength contribution of various compounds in Portland cement is , 1 day C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S 3 days C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S 28 days C3A>C3S>C4AF>C2S 2 years C2S>C3S>C4AF>C3A
- 15. Uses of cement Cement is one of the most important building materials. It is used 1. In the construction of roads, buildings, dams, bridges. 2. In the form of a paste with sand and water. 3. In reinforced concrete (being very hard and strong is used in the construction of bridges and roofs). 4. In the production of mortar in masonry.
- 16. Thanks to All.