The document discusses the basic structures and functions of cells and tissues in the human body. It defines the processes of diffusion and osmosis that allow for the movement of molecules across cell membranes. It also describes the five stages of cell division: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Furthermore, it lists and describes the main types of epithelial tissue, connective tissue, cartilage, and membranes that make up the human body.

1. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20121
Cells and tissues – Presentation 1.1

2. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20122
The structures of the cell

3. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20123
Diffusion
• Process by which small
molecules such as
oxygen and carbon
dioxide pass through
the cell membrane.
• Movement of molecules
from an area of high
concentration to an
area of low
concentration.

4. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20124
Osmosis
• Movement of water
molecules from a
region of high
concentration to a
region of low
concentration through
a partially permeable
membrane, such as
the cell membrane.

5. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20125
Cell division
• A – Interphase – cells grow.
• B – Prophase – chromosomes
appear.
• C – Metaphase –
Chromosomes line up in the
middle of cell.
• D – Anaphase –
Chromosomes are pulled
apart and move to either end
of cell.
• E/F – Telophase – Nuclear
membrane forms around each
set of chromosomes. Cell
divides into two cells.

6. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20126
Epithelial tissue
• Simple
– Pavement
– Columnar
– Cuboidal
– Ciliated
• Compound
– Stratified
– Transitional

7. Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology for Complementary Therapists Tutor Resource 20127
Connective tissue
• Areolar
• Adipose
• Fibrous
• Elastic
• Bone
• Lymphoid

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Cartilage and membranes
• Hyaline cartilage
• Elastic cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Mucous membrane
• Synovial membrane
• Serous membrane