This document discusses the organelles found within eukaryotic cells. It describes the main organelles including the nucleus, which acts as the control center containing the cell's DNA; mitochondria, which generate energy for the cell; the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which transport materials within the cell; chloroplasts, which perform photosynthesis in plant cells; and the cell membrane, which encloses the cell and regulates what enters and exits. It provides analogies comparing organelles to parts of a factory or city to help illustrate their functions.

1. Cell Organelles
Unit 2: Cells
Ch. 7-2

2. Let’s Review!
Two cell types
 Prokaryotes (Prokaryotic
Cells)
 Eukaryotes (Eukaryotic Cells)

4. Prokaryotes - Bacteria
 No Nucleus
 No Membrane bound
organelles.

5. Eukaryotes
 Have a nucleus
 Have membrane bound
organelles
Nucleus

6. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
1. Animal Cell
2. Plant Cell
 Both cells
function
similarly

7. Cell Organelles
Organelle = “little organs”
 Specialized structures that
perform specific jobs in the
cell
Found only in eukaryotic
cells
Many are “membrane-
bound” (a membrane surrounds
the organelle)
Cytosol: watery matrix that
organelles float in
Cytoplasm: Everything in a
cell except the nucleus

8. Cell Membrane
Surrounds the cell and
decides what comes in
and out
Semi-permeable: allows
nutrients in and waste
products out
Made of a phospholipid
bilayer
Also called Plasma
Membrane

9. Factory Part:
 Gates or Doors
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells
 Prokaryotic cells

10. Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Stores DNA
(chromosomes)
Surrounded by the nuclear
membrane
 Pores let material in and out
Also contains the
Nucleolus, which makes
ribosomes

11. Factory Part:
 Manager’s Office
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells

12. Ribosome
Smallest organelle
NOT surrounded by a
membrane
Makes proteins according
to DNA instructions.
Two Types:
 Free ribosomes: float free in
cytosol
 Bound ribosomes: attached
to rough ER
That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptide?

13. Factory Part:
 Machines
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells
 Prokaryotic cells

14. Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Transport system for
materials in cell
Two Types:
Rough ER: covered
with ribosomes; site of
protein synthesis
Smooth ER: NO
ribosomes; it makes
hormones & lipids

15. Factory Part:
 Conveyor Belts
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells

16. Golgi Apparatus
Delivery system of
the cell
Collects, modifies,
and packages
molecules in the cell
Distributes and
transports
molecules in
vesicles

17. Factory Part:
 Post office or
Mail Room
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells

18. Lysosomes
Trash Disposal of
the cell
Contain digestive
enzymes that break
down waste

19. Factory Part:
 Janitors
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells

20. Mitochondria
“Powerhouse” of the
cell
Site of cellular
respiration
Converts energy stored
in food into energy the
cell needs – ATP
Sugar + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Water + ATP
ATP = Adenosine triphosphate

21. Factory Part:
 Power Plant /
Electrical Room
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells

22. Chloroplast
Found only in plant
cells and algae
Contains green
pigment, chlorophyll
Changes sunlight
(solar energy) into
food like glucose
(chemical energy)
Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Sugar + Oxygen

23. Factory Part:
 Solar Powered
Energy Panels
Found in:
 Plant cells

24. Cell Wall
Rigid, protective
barrier (maintains
cell shape)
Found in plant and
bacterial cells
Located outside of
the cell membrane
Made of cellulose
(Carbohydrate fiber)

25. Factory Part:
 Factory Gates
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Some Prokaryote
cells

26. Vacuoles
Large central
vacuole usually in
plant cells
Many smaller
vacuoles in animal
cells
Storage container
for water, food,
enzymes, wastes,
etc
Supports cell
shape in plants

27. Factory Part:
 Storage room
Found in:
 Plant cells
 Animal cells
(smaller)

28. Quick Review
Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum

29. Cell City Analogy
Cell Organelles City Analogies
Cell Membrane City border
Cell Wall City Wall
Cytoplasm Lawns
Endoplasmic Reticulum Highway or road system
Ribosomes Lumber or brick yard
Golgi Bodies Post Office or UPS
Chloroplasts Solar Energy Plants
Nuclear Membrane City Hall Fence with security guard
Mitochondria Energy Plants
Nucleus City Hall
DNA Original Blueprints or the city
RNA Copies of Blueprints
Nucleolus Copy Machine
Lysosomes Waste Disposal/ Recyclers
Vacuole Warehouses, water towers or garbage dumps
Protoplasm Air or atmosphere
Chromosomes Rolled up blueprints
Proteins Lumber or bricks