1. Unit 3 Risky Business

4. Prokaryotic Cell Nucleus Organelles Eukaryotic Cell Cell membrane Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoplasm

5. Plant Cell Organelle – specialized organs, “little organs” Nuclear envelope Ribosome (attached) Ribosome (free) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Mitochondrion Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast Vacuole

6. Animal Cell Centrioles Nucleolus Nucleus Nuclear envelope Rough endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Cell Membrane Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached)

7. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Cell membrane Contain DNA Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Animal Cells Plant Cells Centrioles Cell membrane Ribosomes Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Vacuoles Mitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell Wall Chloroplasts

16. Structure of the Cell Membrane Cell membrane – regulates what enters and leaves the cell, lipid bilayer, mosaic of different molecules Outside of cell Inside of cell (cytoplasm) Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains

18. How do compounds break down to provide living things with energy?

20. GLYCOLYSIS

22. Net Gain: 2 ATP Net Gain: 34 ATP TOTAL: 36 ATP

26. High Concentration Low Concentration Cell Membrane Glucose molecules Protein channel Diffusion Through Cell Boundaries Diffusion – particles tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated until they reach equilibrium, no energy required

27. Osmosis Osmosis – diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

32. Phagocytosis

35. Muscle cell Smooth muscle tissue Stomach Digestive system Levels of Organization Atom – Molecule - Organelle – Cell –Tissue – Organ – Organ System - Organism

36. Examples Nervous, digestive Brain, stomach nerves, muscle neuron, smooth muscle cell Organelles, nucleus Water, sugar, fat Oxygen, carbon Proton, electron

38. Catalyst – speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

40. Chapter 10 Cell Growth and Divisions

41. Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells Cell Size Surface Area (length x width x 6) Volume (length x width x height) Ratio of Surface Area to Volume Section 10-1 Limits to Cell Growth – cannot move nutrients and waste through the cell, “DNA overload”

42. Concept Map includes is divided into is divided into Cell Cycle M phase (Mitosis) Interphase G 1 phase S phase Prophase G 2 phase Metaphase Telophase Anaphase

44. The Cell Cycle M phase G 2 phase S phase G 1 phase

45. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Interphase – cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles

46. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Prophase – chromatin condenses in to the chromosomes, centrioles separate, spindle forms, nuclear envelope disappears

47. plant

48. animal

49. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Metaphase – chromosomes line up in the center of the cell, each chromosome is connected at the centromere to the spindle fiber.

50. plant

51. Asters Spindle fibers animal

52. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Anaphase – sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are moved apart

53. plant

54. animal

55. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Telophase – chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell, two nuclear envelopes will form.

56. plant

57. animal

58. Mitosis and Cytokinesis Centrioles Chromatin Interphase Nuclear envelope Cytokinesis Nuclear envelope reforming Telophase Anaphase Individual chromosomes Metaphase Centriole Spindle Centriole Chromosomes (paired chromatids) Prophase Centromere Spindle forming Cytokinesis – the cytoplasm pinches in half, each daughter cell has duplicate chromosomes.

60. Control of Cell Division Cells have contact inhibition, they will continue growing until in contact with other cells.

61. Effect of Cyclins A sample of cytoplasm is removed from a cell in mitosis. The sample is injected into a second cell in G 2 of interphase. As a result, the second cell enters mitosis. Cyclins – regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eularyotic cells along with internal and external regulators RESULT : Caused non-dividing cells to divide