The document summarizes key contributors to the development of cell theory and describes the basic components of plant and animal cells. Robert Hooke, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, and Theodor Schwann made discoveries that led to the cell theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document then describes the main organelles found in plant and animal cells, including their location, structure, and function.

1. THE CELL

2. Contributors to Knowledge of Cell Robert Hooke (1665)- Discovered the cell Anton van Leeuwenhoek (mid-1600s)- viewed living organisms under microscope Matthias Schleiden (1838)- plants are made of cells Theodor Schwann (1839)- animals are made of cells Rudolf Virchow (1855)- new cells are produced only from division of old cells

3. The Cell Theory The discoveries of Hooke, Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow are summarized in the cell theory, which states that: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells.

4. Types of Cells

5. Types of Cells

6. Cell Parts Descriptions Functions Location Cell type

7. Cytoplasm Jelly -like substance Made mostly of water Holds all organelles Between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane Both plant and animal cell

8. Cell(plasma) membrane Outer portion of the cell Boundaries of inside organelles Controls movement inside and outside of the cell Both plant and animal cells

9. Animal Cell

11. Control center for cell

12. Contains DNA/chromatin and nucleolus

14. Controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus

17. Microtubules(cytoskeleton) Microtubules (cytoskeleton) Thin protein strands, but thicker than microfilaments Provide support for cell Aide in movement Both plant and animal Found in cytoplasm

18. Microfilaments(cytoskeleton) Microtubules (cytoskeleton) Thin protein strands, but thinner than microtubules Provide support for cell Aide in movement Both plant and animal Found in cytoplasm

20. Centrioles Cylinder shaped, each cell has a pairHelp cell divide ONLY in animal cells Found in cytoplasm

22. Vacuole Sac shaped vesicle Used for storage of food, water, and wastes Much larger in plant cells Both plant and animal cells Located in cytoplasm

24. Chloroplast Located in the cytoplasm Green from chlorophyll Used in photosynthesis to make food Only in plants

26. Ribosomes Small circles or dots located in cytoplasm or on the Endoplasmic Reticulum Made by the nucleolus Make protein Both plant and animal cells

28. Cell Wall Layer outside cell membrane in plant cells Give cell support/shape Made of cellulose Only in plant cells

30. Golgi Apparatus(complex, bodies) Located in cytoplasm Looks like fruit rollups Packages materials in vessicles and ships them to the needed locations Adapts proteins made by ribosomes Both plant and animal cells

32. Mitochondria Double membrane organelle Powerhouse of the cell, releases the cell’s energy from stored food Contains its own DNA If cell requires more energy (muscle) it will have more mitochondria Both plant and animal cells

34. Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of tubes connecting cell membrane to other organelles SER makes lipids RER makes proteins Transports materials throughout cell Can be rough (with ribosomes) or smooth (without ribosomes) Both plant and animal cells

36. Chromosomes/Chromatin Thread like genetic material Located in nucleus Contains all the information for the cells’ activities Both plant and animal cells

39. Chromatids Two strands make up a chromosome Located in the nucleus except during cell division where they are pulled apart by the centrioles Used in the duplication of the cell Both plant and animal cells

41. Cilia Hair like structures attached to the cell membrane Responsible for movement In animal cells

43. Flagellum Hair like structure attached to the cell membrane Responsible for movement In animal cells

45. Lysosomes Sac like structure that contains chemical that help in digestion and breaking down materials Located in the cytoplasm Only in animal cells