Cell structure and function

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The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.

Health & Medicine

Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform specialized functions. There are four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Epithelial tissue forms coverings and linings throughout the body. It is classified based on cell arrangement (simple, pseudostratified, stratified) and cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar). The major epithelial tissues include simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, and stratified squamous epithelium.

Fundamental of Nursing 1st semester BSN mcqs for practice,Educational Platfor...

MuhammadRazaBuzdar

Unit 1 introduction to physiology

menwar

This document provides an overview of human physiology. It defines physiology as the study of functional activities and mechanisms in the biological body. It discusses the history of physiology from Aristotle to Claude Bernard, who established physiology as the scientific basis of medicine. The document outlines the major fields and levels of organization in physiology from viral to human. It also covers organ systems, body fluids, transport mechanisms, homeostasis, and feedback loops. Key concepts covered include the roles and interactions of organ systems in maintaining homeostasis as well as passive and active transport processes and negative and positive feedback regulation.

Chapter 1 organization of the human body

Nada G.Youssef

This document provides an overview of human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy as the study of the structure of the body and its parts, while physiology is the study of how the body and its parts function. The document describes the different levels of organization in the human body from the chemical level to the organismal level. It also outlines several important life processes for humans, including metabolism, responsiveness, movement, growth, differentiation, and reproduction. Homeostasis and feedback systems that maintain equilibrium in the body are explained. Key anatomical terms are defined to describe body positions, directions, and planes used to divide the body. The major body cavities - thoracic and abdominopelvic - are also outlined.

Cell & tissue nursing

Nepalese army institute of health sciences

This document discusses the classification and composition of cells and tissues in the human body. It covers: 1. The two main types of cells - somatic and germ cells. Somatic cells contain 46 chromosomes while germ cells contain 26 and are found only in reproductive organs. 2. Tissues are classified based on their regenerative abilities - labile, stable, or permanent cells. 3. The main components of cells - water, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, electrolytes, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria and Golgi bodies. 4. The four main tissue types - epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue - and their characteristics and functions.

Structure of a human cell

ManishKharel6

The document defines the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of life. It describes the main components of a human cell including the cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton. The nucleus contains DNA and acts as the control center. Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP. The endoplasmic reticulum transports substances within the cell and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis. The Golgi apparatus packages and transports proteins. Ribosomes synthesize proteins. Lysosomes digest and destroy foreign materials. The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape and facilitates movement.

Structure of cell

Praveen Garg

Cells are the fundamental unit of life and come in two main types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. All cells contain a nucleus that holds genetic material and organelles suspended in cytoplasm enclosed by a cell membrane. Cells perform essential functions like providing structure, transporting substances, producing energy, and reproducing through processes like mitosis and meiosis. The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells are produced from existing cells.

The document summarizes the processes of gametogenesis in males and females. It describes that gametogenesis is the formation of gametes (sperm in males and eggs in females) from primordial germ cells in the gonads. This involves mitosis to produce more germ cells, followed by meiosis which reduces the chromosome number to produce haploid gametes. The document also outlines the structures involved in male and female reproduction such as testes/ovaries, accessory ducts and glands, and hormones important for gamete production and the reproductive cycles.

Digestive system

deepaingawale21

The document provides information about the digestive system, including both the gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs. It discusses the organs that make up the GI tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It also covers the accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The document describes the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation. It provides histological details of the layers of the alimentary tract and details of individual digestive organs and their functions.

Skeletal system. anatomy and physiology of skeletal system. appendicular skel...

mamtabisht10

SKELETAL SYSTEM bones, cartilage and ligaments are tightly joined to form a strong, flexible framework called skeletal system anatomy and physiology of axial and appendicular skeletal system Axial Skeleton: The axial skeleton includes the skull, spine, ribs and sternum. Appendicular Skeleton: The appendicular skeleton includes the appendages of the body, which are the shoulders, arms, hips, and legs.

Homeostasis mechanism

Tanoj Patidar

The document discusses homeostasis and its mechanisms in the human body. It defines homeostasis as the maintenance of stable internal conditions despite external changes. It describes the four main components of homeostatic systems: sensors that detect changes, transmission of information to control centers, transmission from control centers to effectors, and effectors that correct deviations. It provides examples of negative feedback loops that regulate processes like blood sugar levels, body temperature, blood pressure, and acid-base balance. The role of various body systems like the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and respiratory systems in maintaining homeostasis is also explained.

Blood Anatomy and Physiology

DR .PALLAVI PATHANIA

The Reproductive System

itutor

The male reproductive system consists of organs involved in producing and transporting sperm and seminal fluid. It includes testes that produce sperm and sex hormones, a network of ducts that transports sperm, and glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate that produce fluids for semen. During sexual arousal, increases in blood flow cause erection, and the muscles contract during orgasm to ejaculate semen through the urethra. The system allows for the creation and delivery of sperm for fertilization.

Reproductive system

Mirza Anwar Baig

Excretory system

Devangi Sharma

The document provides information about the excretory/renal system. It discusses the key parts of the system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid levels and electrolyte balance. Key structures within the kidneys are described like nephrons, which are the functional filtering units. Processes like filtration, reabsorption and secretion are explained in how the kidneys form and regulate urine composition. Learning objectives are also outlined to characterize each part's role and illustrate the kidney's microscopic and macroscopic structures.

Tissue its types, structure and function

Amjad Afridi

Epithelial tissue

anisha Deshmukh

There are four main types of tissues in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue forms protective coverings and linings throughout the body, including the skin, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. It has several key characteristics, such as being avascular and forming sheets of cells. Epithelial tissue is classified based on cell shape and number of cell layers into simple and stratified types, including squamous, cuboidal, columnar, pseudostratified, and transitional epithelium. Glands are specialized clusters of epithelial cells that secrete substances like hormones, acids, and oils.

Human cell

JAYDIP NINAMA

The document discusses the structure and functions of human cells. It begins by defining the cell as the structural and functional unit of living organisms, and describes some key discoveries in cell biology. It then outlines the main structures and organelles found within cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and microtubules. The functions of these structures are also summarized. The document concludes by explaining different mechanisms of transport across cell membranes, such as passive transport via diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

Glands, Types, classification and functions(Anatomy Topic)

Swatilekha Das

Lymphatic System Notes

Shakopee Public Schools

The lymphatic system functions to: 1) Transport clean fluids back to the blood from tissues; 2) Drain excess fluids from tissues; and 3) Remove debris from cells of the body. Lymph is transported through lymphatic vessels in a passive, one-way system toward the heart, where it is returned to circulation. Along the way, lymph passes through lymph nodes which filter the lymph and provide an immune response. Other lymphoid organs like the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and Peyer's patches also contribute to lymphatic function and immune defense.

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF JOINT

Tun Tan Cheng Lock College Of Nursing

1) There are three main types of joints in the body: fibrous joints, cartilaginous joints, and synovial joints. 2) Fibrous joints are joined by connective tissue, cartilaginous joints are joined by cartilage, and synovial joints contain a fluid-filled cavity allowing for movement. 3) Important synovial joints include the ball and socket shoulder and hip joints, the hinge elbow and knee joints, and gliding joints between vertebrae. These joints are important for movement and have structures like cartilage, ligaments, and synovial fluid that allow the bones to articulate smoothly.

The blood

Livson Thomas

Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma and formed elements. Its main functions are transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide and waste; regulation of pH, temperature and water content of cells; and protection from infection and disease. The three major components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen, while white blood cells help fight infection and disease. Platelets assist in blood clotting to stop bleeding. The circulatory system efficiently carries out these vital functions through blood's composition and properties.

PPT on Nervous System

Dr Ashok dhaka Bishnoi

The document discusses the nervous system, which controls and coordinates the body. It describes the central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system is classified into the somatic system for voluntary movement, and the autonomic system with the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for involuntary functions like digestion. Neurons are the basic functional units that receive, integrate, and transmit information via chemical signals. There are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and mixed neurons. Neurotransmitters are the chemical signals that convey information between neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

The skeletal system anatomy

Dr. Binu Babu Nursing Lectures Incredibly Easy

The human skeleton can be divided into two parts: the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton. The axial skeleton consists of 80 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum, and forms the core of the body providing support and protecting organs. The appendicular skeleton is made up of 126 bones organized into the upper and lower limbs, including shoulders, pelvis, arms, forearms, hands, thighs, legs, feet, and ankles. Together the skeleton provides structure, movement, protection, storage, and production of blood cells to the body.

Tissues, types and functions(Anatomy)- Easy explanation

Swatilekha Das

The document discusses the four basic tissues in the human body: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissue lines surfaces, and can be simple or stratified. Connective tissue connects different body parts and contains cells, fibers, and matrix. Muscular tissue includes three types of muscle - skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Nervous tissue consists of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems and facilitates information transmission.

Structure of heart

sukh randhawa

The heart is a hollow, muscular organ located slightly left of center in the chest. It has four chambers - the right and left atria receive blood, and the right and left ventricles pump it out. The heart is surrounded by membranes and has three layers - the outer fibrous pericardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. It uses valves to ensure one-way blood flow, pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood throughout the body in continuous circulation. The coronary arteries supply the heart with oxygenated blood.

Muscle Tissue

Claiddin Bangalisan

Muscle tissue has four main characteristics - excitability, contractility, extensibility, and elasticity - that allow it to perform important functions like movement, posture, and temperature regulation. There are three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, which is voluntarily controlled and enables movement; smooth muscle, which controls involuntary functions like digestion; and cardiac muscle, which pumps blood through the heart and circulatory system. Each muscle type has distinct cellular features related to their roles and methods of electrical and chemical stimulation to cause contraction.

Study Material for Applications of Stem Cells In Health Care

Cell structure and function

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